Elements: L

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• Labor force characteristics and composition as a separate area of study in teacher education - The monograph proposes that "Characteristics and composition of the labor forceshould be a separate area of study" within industrial arts teacher education.
• Labor-management relations strand repeated across all four communications units - Each of the four units includes a common labor-management content strand.
• Landscape analysis of instruments measuring learning strategies and student mindsets in middle childhood - This element is the Mathematica Policy Research landscape analysis project on non-cognitive measures.
• Large-scale experimental evaluation of charter middle schools (Gleason et al., 2010) - A federal evaluation described as "the largest charter school study of its kind to date to use an experimental design", conducted by Mathematica for the U.S.
• Learner Choice - Learner choice is the element in which learners are given meaningful options about task, process, product, or pathway.
• Learner log capturing learner-game and learner-teacher interaction data - The learner log is a proposed component of the FTS implementation that should contain information related to Learner-game and Learner-teacher interaction.
• Learning Analytics-Driven Feedback - Learning Analytics-Driven Feedback uses models built from learner interaction data to predict at-risk learners and surface targeted feedback to learners or instructors, compensating for the reduced vi
• Learning and employment records (LERs) as three-dimensional, learner-controlled replacements for traditional transcripts - LERs are private, secure digital applications—digital wallets or lockers—that can "digitally curate and electronically verify a record of an individual's skills, competencies, credentials, and employm
• Learning blueprint aligned to NGSS - A learning blueprint developed to guide the design of all project resources, including the app and research instrumentation.
• Learning Contracts - A learning contract is a negotiated written agreement in which a learner commits to specific goals, activities, resources, timelines, and evidence of accomplishment, typically with instructor sign-off
• Learning Goals - Learning goals are explicit statements of what learners should know or be able to do after instruction, serving as the reference point for designing activities and assessments.
• Learning Management Systems - Learning management systems are the element in which course organization, materials, communication, and tracking are coordinated through an LMS.
• Learning management systems (LMSs) as infrastructure for competency-based, personalized learning - LMSs are software applications schools and districts use to automate learning digitally.
• Learning Mechanic - The repeated learner-facing activity at the heart of a game for learning — a design pattern, grounded in learning theory, that a concrete game mechanic instantiates without displacing the learning goa
• Learning Objectives - Learning objectives are explicit statements of what learners should know or be able to do after instruction, providing direction for design, instruction, and assessment.
• Learning Outcomes - Learning outcomes are explicit statements of what learners should know, understand, or be able to do by the end of an instructional experience.
• Learning Tasks - A learning task is the integrated, meaningful unit of work — a problem, project, case, or performance — that learners undertake to acquire knowledge and skill in context.
• Learning unit: sentence-translation file cards sorted into boxes by self-test performance - The learning unit consists of file cards with one corner removed and four or five boxes.
• Learning-theory-based evaluation checklist of instructional strategies and techniques for textbook analysis - The study devised an evaluation framework in which instructional techniques and strategies associated with behaviourism, cognitivism, and constructivism served as the checklist for analyzing textbooks
• Lectures - Instructor-led presentation of content in a structured format.
• Leigh Two-Way Bilingual Immersion Literacy in Two Languages program - A Title VII Grant-funded dual language program at Leigh Elementary School in Phoenix, Arizona, launched with a 1996-1997 planning year and in its second year of implementation at the time of study.
• LeitnerQ Mechanical Turk Data and Code Release - The authors release their model, evaluation and user-study code plus their experiment data: "we release (1) all model and evaluation code, (2) framework code for carrying out user studies, and (3) the
• Linked learning communities model for developmental postsecondary students - Linked learning communities are postsecondary programs "defined by having social and curricular linkages" that give undergraduates intentional integration of the themes and concepts they are learning.
• Linked school and human services data approach for predicting near-term academic risk - This element is the data-linkage approach developed by the partnership: school records are combined with "data on child welfare events, justice system involvement, and other human services involvement
• Listening Palette - A multimodal reflection protocol in which learners individually record noticings in whatever mode feels natural (words, sketches, gesture, movement), then build a collaborative representation with pee
• Literature Review - Literature review is the element in which learners gather, evaluate, and synthesize existing sources on a topic in order to understand the current state of knowledge or argument.
• LLMKT: LLM-Based Knowledge Tracing for Dialogues - LLMKT is the article's knowledge tracing method: "a novel LLM-based KT method, LLMKT, that leverages the textual content in dialogues, by fine-tuning the open-source Llama 3 LLM" on the KT objective.
• Local office simulation model with nine statistical output reports - The report's central artifact is a computer simulation of a local office day, stepping through applicant interviews, job-order handling and miscellaneous tasks hour by hour while gathering statistics
• Los Angeles Promise Neighborhood: a two-community Promise Neighborhoods implementation spanning Pacoima and Hollywood - The Los Angeles Promise Neighborhood is a Promise Neighborhoods implementation site profiled by Mathematica Policy Research for the Promise Neighborhoods Institute at PolicyLink.
• Lottery-based study of 33 charter middle schools across 13 states - The evidence base for this article is a lottery-based study of "a broad set of 33 charter middle schools across 13 states." Because admission was determined by randomized admissions lotteries, the aut
• Lynwood Unified's custom dashboard and intervention tool suite (Secondary Data Dashboard, AIMS, LynPBIS+, LIVE, CAPS) - Lynwood Unified built a suite of in-house tools, developed by a Secondary Data Lead with software development skills, that integrate with the Aeries SIS and provide role-specific views for administrat