Elements: C

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CAI-Structured: a computer assisted instruction program designed with spaced practice and spaced review - CAI-Structured is the dissertation's experimental treatment: a computer assisted instruction program "designed with the spacing effects of spaced practice and spaced review".
Care-Giver Primacy as a worker stance for meeting new youths' needs - Care-Giver Primacy is a component the article advances within the CMR model to reorient youth workers during admissions.
Career coaching strategy of the Virginia RETHINKS Health Sciences Education TAACCCT program - Career coaches were hired as one of the seven strategies of the RETHINKS program, which the U.S.
Case Studies - Case studies are the element in which learners analyze a concrete scenario, incident, or example in order to reason about concepts, decisions, or consequences.
Case studies of three high-performing districts and one high-performing CMO - The report developed case studies of organizations identified as high-performing: "Metropolitan School District of Lawrence Township, St.
Case Study - Learners analyze a real or hypothetical scenario to apply concepts.
Case study of one public school district's successful ELL family outreach efforts - The brief concludes with "a case study of one public school district’s successful outreach efforts" aimed at increasing ELL parental involvement.
Case-Based Learning - Learners analyze real-world scenarios to apply theoretical concepts.
CCSR steering committee as multi-partisan stakeholder advisory structure - The CCSR steering committee is a deliberately multi-partisan advisory body of 23 members representing institutional members (CPS, the Illinois State Board of Education, the Chicago Principals and Admi
Center for Civic Education SEED-grant professional development aligned to its civics curriculum - A professional development effort implemented by the Center for Civic Education and aligned to its civics curriculum, carried out under a U.S.
Certificate fields differentiated by developmental level and subject - The digest explains that the National Board rejected a single general certificate, noting that "its holder is proficient in teaching all subjects to all students of all ages is unwarranted" (NBPTS, 19
Challenge Identification - Challenge identification is the element in which learners or instructors surface the central obstacle, tension, or problem to be addressed.
Challenge-based Coaching Model - The Challenge-based Coaching Model is a coaching cycle in which each coach works with teachers to "establish goals, identify challenges, create strategies, refect on the results" and support earning a
Charleston County School District BRIDGE multi-dimensional educator evaluation framework - The BRIDGE framework is the district's multi-dimensional educator evaluation system, in which value-added measures are one component.
Chart No. 1: eight generic instructional formats mapped to generic learning outcomes from a mastery viewpoint - Chart No.
Charts of available instrumentation and curriculum for affective development - The report supplies two appendix charts cataloguing existing resources: Appendix A charts available instrumentation for assessing affective development, and Appendix B charts available curriculum for
ChatGPT as a lesson-adaptation and brainstorming tool for mathematics teachers' generative learning design - The chapter examines ChatGPT as a generative AI tool teachers used in two ways: adapting an existing classroom task to incorporate active or generative learning, and serving as a brainstorming partner
Check In - A brief, structured interaction that surfaces learners' current understanding, emotional state, or progress so instruction can be adjusted in response.
Checklist 1: describing the study's measures - The first of the brief's five checklists helps researchers "provide complete information describing (1) their study's measures." It prompts authors to report what measures were used in a study so read
Checklist 2: reporting data collection training and quality - The second checklist addresses "data collection training and quality," prompting researchers to report how data collectors were trained and what quality procedures were followed.
Checklist 3: reporting reference population, study sample, and measurement timing - The third checklist covers "the study's reference population, study sample, and measurement timing." It prompts researchers to state who the study's findings are meant to generalize to, who was actual
Checklist 4: reporting evidence of reliability and construct validity - The fourth checklist prompts researchers to report "evidence of the reliability and construct validity of the measures." It directs authors to document the psychometric evidence supporting the measure
Checklist 5: reporting missing data and descriptive statistics - The fifth checklist covers "missing data and descriptive statistics," prompting researchers to report how much data were missing and to provide descriptive statistics for their measures.
Checkpoint Quiz: a unit-terminal achievement test with embedded pre-test/post-test design - The Checkpoint Quiz is a custom-built assessment learners complete when finishing a unit at a Checkpoint.
Chicago and Florida administrative data for estimating charter high school attainment effects - The study draws on data from Chicago and Florida to estimate the effects of attending a charter high school on high school completion and college attendance.
Chicago Annenberg classroom assignment collection and scoring system - Teachers in grades three, six, and eight submitted typical and challenging writing and mathematics assignments; teacher raters scored them against rubrics for construction of knowledge, written commun
Chicago principal merit award program - A merit award program in which employers (the district) provide awards to school principals to induce greater effort.
Chicago Public Schools 2003 double-dose algebra policy with three structural guidelines for support courses - A district-wide policy requiring all first-time ninth-graders scoring below the national median on the eighth-grade math test to enroll in a regular algebra class plus an additional algebra support cl
Chicago Public Schools Summer Bridge program - Summer Bridge is a large mandatory summer school program required for Chicago third, sixth, and eighth graders who fail ITBS promotional test-score cutoffs, with over 21,000 students required to atten
Chicago reform evidence base: 22-school longitudinal case studies, 269-school principal and teacher surveys, and system-wide administrative data - The book's evidence base combines three data sources: longitudinal case study data on 22 schools, survey responses from principals and teachers in 269 schools, and supplementary system-wide administra
Chicago TAP evaluation project (2006-2012), prepared for the Joyce Foundation - The evaluation of the Chicago Teacher Advancement Program was a multi-year project with a stated time frame of 2006-2012, prepared for the Joyce Foundation and conducted by Mathematica Policy Research
Chicago's double-dose algebra policy (two periods of algebra with teacher supports) - An instructional support strategy in which "First-time ninth-grade students who tested below the national median on the eighth-grade math test enrolled in two periods of algebra coursework—a regular a
Chief Information Officer network for state collaboration - A network created to sustain collaboration among states involved in data-linking work after the TSDL project.
Child-Directed Speech - Child-directed speech — exaggerated pitch, careful articulation, and simplified structure used when speaking with infants and toddlers — increases infant attention and supports early phoneme discrimin
Choice Boards - A choice board is a visual matrix of learning activities from which learners select a required subset, offering structured autonomy over how they practice and demonstrate learning.
CID interdisciplinary design studio in a university library - The Creativity, Innovation, and Design (CID) studio was a space created in a university library in 2014 to support interdisciplinary project-based learning, built quickly from surplus furniture, remov
Claim-Evidence-Reasoning (CER) framework and The Argumentation Toolkit - The CER framework (McNeill & Krajcik, 2011) has students "formulate a claim, provide evidence, and offer reasoning for how the evidence logically connects to their claim", as instantiated in The Argum
Class Discussion - Structured conversations where learners analyze and reflect on content.
Classroom response system (CRS) technology as the hook and tool of the TEFA intervention - The classroom response system is the technology component of the project's intervention, used to capture teachers' initial interest.
Closed-loop qualitative coding mechanism for student mental health interviews - A qualitative analysis mechanism built on three thematic questions following the sequence "current situation perception (focus point) → obstacle identification (pain points) → solution pathways (best
Cloud technology as information source and activity tool in the learning model - Cloud technology is a core component of the model, serving a dual role in the innovation-creation process.
Co-designed future-oriented research questions on personalization, learning environments, engagement metrics, and reward systems - The presentation lists examples of co-designed research questions, including "How does personalizing learning by providing leveled readings and resources affect the learning process of acquiring new c
Coaching - Instructors provide individualized, ongoing support and guidance as learners perform a task, offering hints, feedback, and modeling tailored to current performance.
Codable maze unplugged lesson for shortest-distance algorithms across content areas - The deck describes an unplugged lesson in which "Students will use this unplugged lesson to code the shortest distance through a maze".
Code and Go Mouse robot activities combining mapping, story ordering, and number-line arithmetic - The webinar describes Code and Go Mouse activities in which students build a Noun Town map for the mouse to travel through, reinforcing map skills, or recreate a story by drawing portions and coding t
Code.org CS Fundamentals unplugged lessons: Dice Race, My Robotic Friends, Paper Planes, Plant a Seed, Tangrams - The deck recommends five named Code.org CS Fundamentals lessons for introducing algorithms: "Dice Race", "My Robotic Friends", "Real-life Algorithms:Paper Planes", "Real-life Algorithms: Plant a Seed"
Cognitive Apprenticeship - Cognitive apprenticeship is the element in which learners observe expert thinking, practice with coaching, and gradually assume more responsibility.
Cognitive Conflict - Deliberately introduces contradictions or challenges to a learner's existing knowledge to provoke deeper reasoning.
Cognitive Load Management - Cognitive load management is the element in which instruction is designed to reduce unnecessary processing and preserve effort for learning-relevant work.
Cognitive Strategies - Cognitive strategies are deliberate mental procedures — rehearsal, elaboration, organization, and monitoring — that learners use to select, construct, and retain information.
Cognitive tools: technologies that enhance the cognitive powers of human beings - The paper adopts Jonassen and Reeves' definition: "Cognitive tools refer to technologies, tangible or intangible, that enhance the cognitive powers of human beings during thinking, problem solving, an
Collaboration - Collaboration is the short-form canonical target for learners working together toward a shared product, understanding, or decision.
Collaborative Decision-Making - Collaborative decision-making is the element in which learners evaluate options together and negotiate a shared choice or recommendation.
Collaborative Discussion - Collaborative discussion is the element in which learners build understanding together through shared talk, comparison of ideas, and negotiated meaning.
Collaborative Inquiry - Collaborative inquiry is the element in which learners investigate a question together through shared sensemaking and evidence use.
Collaborative Learning - Learners work in structured teams to solve problems and complete tasks.
Collaborative Problem-Solving - Learners work together in small groups to analyze an authentic problem, negotiate meaning, and construct a shared solution.
Collaborative web annotation (Marginal Syllabus): low-bandwidth asynchronous discussion with social justice intent - Collaborative annotation with the open-source Hypothes.is tool engages learners in co-construction and critique of knowledge.
Collective Concept Mapping - A group activity in which members pool individual interpretations to construct shared concept maps representing conceptions agreed upon by the group, making the interaction between individual and grou
College algebra placement test with dual enrollment eligibility cut-off - A college algebra placement test served as the gatekeeper instrument in the studied Florida dual enrollment system: high school seniors took the test, and a printed cut-off score defined eligibility f
College Student Attrition Project - The College Student Attrition Project was an evaluation conducted by the Survey Research Center at Princeton University.
Collegiate recovery communities (CRCs): campus‐embedded recovery support services within larger universities - CRCs "provide recovery oriented support services (e.g., self‐help groups, counseling sessions, sober dorms) for students, but are embedded within larger college or university settings." They operate o
Communication Channels - Communication channels are the element in which learners use designated tools or spaces to coordinate, discuss, ask questions, and share updates during a learning activity.
Community-area data tables and maps of Chicago child and family descriptors for 1990 and 2000 - The brief's core artifact is a set of community-area data tables and maps covering Chicago and its 77 community areas.
Compact Writing Assignments: student-created diverse writing formats for social studies - Compact Writing Assignments (CWAs) are student-created writing activities piloted in Sunnyside classrooms that "introduc[e] diverse writing formats including script writing, text exchange, comic book,
Companion journal article: Mind the kinder-gap — new data on children's math and reading skills at kindergarten entry - A journal article listed on the page as associated research for the school-entry trends study.
Comparative validity study of MCAS versus a next-generation Common Core college-readiness test in Massachusetts - An evidence publication comparing the validity of two standardized tests for assessing college readiness in Massachusetts: the long-standing Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS) and a
Comparing Cases - Comparing cases is the element in which learners inspect two or more examples, solutions, texts, or scenarios side by side in order to notice meaningful similarities, differences, and governing princi
Competency statement format: behavior, conditions, and minimal performance level - A competency statement is the outcome objective for staff development: it specifies what educational personnel must know, do, or value to implement the educational improvement program.
Competency-based information technology program models in three community colleges - The element is the set of competency-based information technology program models implemented by three community colleges under a consortium led by Sinclair Community College.
Competency-Based Learning - Competency-based learning is the element in which progression is organized around demonstrated competence rather than seat time.
Compiled lists of Polish-English deceptive word pairs extracted from popular monolingual and bilingual dictionaries - The article's core artifact is a representative selection of deceptive pairs organized by relation type: full-contrast pairs (e.g.
Completing-school outcome measure: diploma or GED receipt within five years of entering ninth grade, from statewide databases - The outcome measure used in both qualifying studies is "the percentage of students who received their diploma or GED by the end of their fifth academic year after entering the ninth grade." Data come
Complexity, accuracy and fluency (CAF) measures of learners' language performance - The review presents Skehan's (1998b) three-part measurement framework for learners' language performance, proposing "to separate learner's general goal into three specific areas: accuracy, complexity
Comprehensive teacher induction program model - A teacher induction model that goes beyond traditional induction by combining several supports for new teachers.
Comprehensive teacher induction programs - Comprehensive teacher induction is a support model for new teachers that "goes beyond traditional induction by relying on carefully selected and trained full-time mentors".
Comprehensive teacher induction programs (full-time trained mentors plus structured support curriculum) - The article describes comprehensive teacher induction as a support model for novice teachers in which "comprehensive teacher induction provides novice teachers with carefully selected and trained full
Computer-delivered figural response test items for architecture - Figural response items are constructed-response items in which "examinees must construct their answers and the responses consist of the generation or manipulation of figural material (e.g., graphs, pi
Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) as an assessment component - Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) is a technology-based assessment approach in which the test adjusts its questions as testing proceeds.
Computerized adaptive tests (CATs) as a motivational design feature in low-stakes assessment - Computerized adaptive tests (CATs) are a test-delivery format in which item selection adapts to the examinee, and the article evaluates them as a design feature with motivational benefits in low-stake
CoMTA and MathDial Math Tutoring Dialogue Datasets - The article evaluates dialogueKT on two existing math tutoring dialogue datasets.
Concept diagram for vocabulary instruction - A graphic organizer used as the study's independent variable.
Concept Map - A concept map is a node-and-link diagram that externalizes relationships among ideas, making the structure of a knowledge domain visible.
Concept Mapping - Concept mapping is the element in which learners represent concepts and their relationships visually, typically as nodes and labeled links.
Concept-Based Language Instruction with Gal'perin's verbalization phases - Concept-Based Language Instruction is a classroom approach SCT-L2 researchers have investigated for about 15 years, based on P.
ConcepTest - A multiple-choice question targeting a single conceptual difficulty, used with student voting and peer discussion to expose and confront misconceptions.
Conceptual lenses for examining cultural perspectives - Conceptual lenses are a curricular element the article recommends for graduate leadership coursework.
Conceptual Overviews - Conceptual overviews are elements that present the broad structure, central idea, or organizing logic of a topic before moving into details.
Conceptual Questioning - Learners answer thought-provoking questions designed to challenge assumptions and deepen understanding.
Conceptual Scaffolding - Conceptual scaffolding is the element in which learners are given temporary structures, prompts, or representations that help them understand the underlying ideas of a domain before handling them inde
Concrete Modeling - Concrete modeling is the element in which physical or tangible representations are used to make abstract relationships visible.
Conference Telephone Set for classroom telelectures - A Conference Telephone Set, borrowed from the university telephone office for each lecture, was the audio equipment used to deliver hour-long expert telelectures to the seminar room.
Consensus Building - Structured group work in which learners negotiate, defend, and refine differing viewpoints to arrive at a shared conclusion.
Consensus Discussion - Learners work collaboratively to agree on a shared perspective or decision.
Considerations for Reopening Pennsylvania Schools (REL Mid-Atlantic publication, June 2020) - A publication produced by the Regional Educational Laboratory Mid-Atlantic, published June 29, 2020, authored by Brian Gill, Ravi Goyal, Jacob Hartog, John Hotchkiss, and Danielle DeLisle.
Consortium on Chicago School Research five-year research agenda 2004-2008 by topic and study type - This document is a research agenda laying out planned studies across five sections: student outcomes and school productivity, deeper examination of the essential supports, a closer look at students in
Constructed-Response Assessment Items - Completion, short-answer, and extended-response (essay) items ask students to recall and produce an answer rather than recognize one, reducing guessing but introducing a genuine scoring-reliability pr
Contact Initiation Form (CIF) - The Contact Initiation Form is the entry asset of the CCC Chancellor's Office evaluation system.
Contextualization - Contextualization is the element in which new ideas, texts, or tasks are framed within a meaningful situation, purpose, domain, or prior experience.
Continuous Hint Factory (CHF) - The CHF is a hint-generation method extending the Hint Factory to "vast and sparsely populated state spaces".
Continuous Review - Learning materials and concepts are revisited systematically to reinforce retention and prevent forgetting.
Cooperative Learning - Learners work in small structured groups toward shared goals, with positive interdependence and individual accountability built into the task design.
Cooperative Learning Activities for Adult Learners manual with instructor-contributed scripts and handouts - A cooperative learning manual developed through the project, containing activities scripted by the Adult Learners' Training and Assistance Program instructors, with structures and techniques based on
Core Alumni Survey Starter Pack: three item clusters balancing quantitative baseline metrics with qualitative depth - The starter pack is a foundational set of survey questions refined and iterated by a dozen school systems across the multi-year pilots.
Correlational analysis linking student achievement growth to district and CMO policies and practices - As one of its three study activities, the report "conducted a correlational analysis to understand the relationship between growth in student achievement and district and CMO policies and practices."
Course Portal: a Moodle-based LMS supporting blended instruction at a Turkish vocational school - Course Portal is a learning management system developed "by the use of MOODLE version 3.6" to support face-to-face instruction at a Turkish Army NCO vocational school using blended teaching.
Course Theory of Change template for RPP course redesign teams - A planning template provided by Digital Promise researchers that project teams completed after initial data-based reflections.
COVID-19 closures & learning loss webinar (NWEA Research, April 2020) - A NWEA Research presentation and webinar, dated April 2020 and authored by Beth Tarasawa and Megan Kuhfeld, addressing the implications of COVID-19 school closures for student achievement.
CPS Comprehensive Magnet School Policy (1998): neighborhood set-aside and transportation buffer - A district policy introduced in fall 1997, effective 1998-99, that codified and standardized magnet school admission and transportation rules.
CPS mobility indicators: stability rate and in-mobility rate measured separately for school year and summer - The report introduces two separate mobility indicators to address problems with conventional single-number mobility formulas, which it says combine "two very different phenomena (exiting and entering
CPS probation external support system with five school-level support providers - The Chicago school probation policy's external support system includes five school-level providers: "an external partner, a probation manager, a regional education officer, a business manager or inter
CPS severe-infraction suspension reduction reform and schoolwide outcome measures - A district-level discipline reform in Chicago Public Schools between 2009-10 and 2013-14, studied via the percent of severe infractions resulting in an out-of-school suspension per school per year.
CPS two-component CCSS-M professional learning program: districtwide train-the-trainer workshops plus intensive Deep Support for selected schools - The Chicago Public Schools Department of Mathematics, partnering with two local universities, built a professional learning program with two components.
Create a Low-Stress Environment - Create a low-stress environment is the element of designing routines, norms, and spaces that reduce unnecessary anxiety during learning.
Create a Relaxed Learning Environment - Create a relaxed learning environment is the element of arranging social and physical conditions that support safety, calm, and participation.
Creating Visual Representations - Creating visual representations is the element in which learners externalize understanding through diagrams, sketches, models, or other visuals.
CREDO City Studies Project growth-benchmarking analysis approach - The City Studies Project is a recurring reporting and analysis program that compares academic performance of student groups in selected U.S.
Criteria Development - Learners create rubrics or evaluation frameworks for assessment.
Criteria prioritization tool for SEL framework selection - The brief includes a tool, printed as a low/medium/high priority rating grid on its penultimate page, that practitioners use to rate each of the ten criteria by priority for their own context.
Cross-compared corpus of subskills from applied linguistics theory, nine international EFL/ESL proficiency tests, and five coursebook series - The study assembles its evidence base from three source types: subskills named in theoretical and empirical applied linguistics papers; the manuals of nine internationally popular EFL/ESL tests, inclu
Cross-district study of middle school math curricula, culturally responsive materials, and teacher professional learning - A research project on "Middle School Math: Culturally Responsive Materials, Teacher Professional Learning, and Student Engagement," conducted from 2019 to 2024, prepared for the Gates Foundation, and
Cube-tower permutation enumeration task sequence - An instructional sequence representing permutations of n objects as n-cube towers built from multi-colored connecting cubes in vertical orientation.
Culture universals as conceptual tools for studying cultures - The bibliography annotates Alice Ann Cleaveland's UNIVERSALS OF CULTURE (Global Perspectives in Education, 1979) as "A handbook for studying cultures using conceptual tools called 'culture universals'
Curated compendia of technology exposure, training, and career programs for Black learners and workers - The scan assembles curated resource lists (Tables 3-5) of programs, organizations, and initiatives supporting Black learners' and workers' technology pathways.
Curated list of data repositories for classroom data collection - The session defines a data repository as "a place that holds data, makes data available to use, and organizes data in a logical manner," possibly a subject-specific location where researchers submit d
Curated list of VR websites and apps for classroom literacy use (Table 1) - Table 1 of the article compiles VR websites and apps with addresses and descriptions, including SamRohn 360 VR Panoramic Photography and Virtual Tours, Blakeway Gigapixel, AirPano, World Tour 360, Wor
Curated set of measurement instruments for humanlikeness, anthropomorphism, and related constructs - The article curates existing measurement instruments (Table 2) organized by what they capture: design-level humanlikeness (the ABOT database with "Feature-presence scores for 16 humanlike appearance f
Current Population Survey graduate enrollment data with statewide unemployment measures - The study's data infrastructure consists of graduate school enrollment records from the Current Population Survey combined with statewide unemployment rates measured across time.
Curriculum analytics tools integrated into institutional LMSs for LO assessment and visualization - CA tools are learning analytics systems integrated into institutional LMSs that capture, store, and visualize LO assessment data reported by instructors at the end of each academic period.