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• A conceptual structure and procedure for message design incorporated in a performance support system - The article describes a message design theory developed by Seels and colleagues that provides "a conceptual structure and procedure which relates message design to types of learning, media, and learni
• A corpus of over 300 history questions sampled from four intermediate-level history textbooks - The taxonomy was built from a question corpus assembled in two stages.
• Academic behaviors and mindsets as student outcomes beyond test scores - The paper treats a set of non-tested student outcomes — "a range of academic behaviors and mindsets other than test scores" — as important contributors to children's long-term success and as legitimat
• Academic literature scan on teacher factors in secondary writing - The evidence base for the brief is an academic literature scan that Mathematica conducted "in partnership with teacher development and writing instruction experts." The scan's findings and conclusions
• Accelerated middle schools program model - Accelerated middle schools are self-contained academic programs for middle school students one to two years behind grade level, giving them "the opportunity to cover an additional year of curriculum d
• Accommodations - Adjustments to how content is presented, how learners respond, or how the learning environment is structured that remove barriers for learners with disabilities or other access needs without changing
• Accumulative Crosswise-Validation Analysis: within-row and between-column validity measurement - Crosswise-Validation is AMOVA's core analytic operation, yielding sequential instrumentation validation outcomes analogous to ANOVA F-test critical values.
• Achievement First and Uncommon-affiliated New York City charter middle schools - A small number of New York City charter middle schools affiliated with two charter management organizations, Achievement First and Uncommon, were the subject of this Mathematica Policy Research analys
• ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education - The Association of College and Research Libraries' 2015 Framework, adopted as a revision of the 2000 Information Literacy Competency Standards, comprising six frames: authority is constructed and cont
• Act - is the execution phase of a challenge-based or inquiry cycle, where learners move from investigation and planning into producing, testing, sharing, or implementing a response in the real world.
• Act It Out - Learners physically enact a concept, process, scenario, or role, converting verbal content into embodied performance.
• ACT/SAT test preparation and coaching programs (test preparation programs) - Test preparation or coaching programs for the SAT and ACT, created by test developers, educational organizations, and businesses, that generally (a) familiarize students with the format of the test; (
• Activation - Learners are encouraged to recall and activate prior knowledge to prepare for new learning.
• Ad hoc committee of sixteen members chaired by Cora B. Marrett - The activity page lists the study committee with Cora B.
• Ad hoc instructional strategy integrating deep- or shallow-processing cognitive prompts into a psychology coursebook chapter - The article designed an instructional strategy that embeds cognitive prompts directly into online textbook content.
• AdaBoost meta-algorithm combining logit regression, neural networks, and bagged random forests - The EDS's prediction engine combines three classifiers — a logit model, a multilayer perceptron neural network trained with backpropagation, and a bagged random forest using the C4.5 algorithm — via t
• Adaptive Difficulty - Adaptive difficulty adjusts task challenge in response to learner performance so work remains demanding enough to promote growth without becoming discouraging or trivial.
• Adaptive Learning - Adaptive learning tailors content, pacing, support, or task sequence in response to evidence about a learner's current performance, needs, or prior knowledge.
• Adaptive learning systems that calibrate tasks to the zone of proximal development - The paper names adaptive learning systems as technology supporting the level dimension of personalization.
• Adaptive Mastery Learning - Learners progress through levels of difficulty with personalized challenges and just-in-time feedback.
• Addressing Student Misconceptions - Students of all ages carry misleading or outright wrong prior beliefs into a lesson, some well-documented and predictable, others idiosyncratic — anticipating them in advance and treating them with re
• Adjustable open-cavity HeNe laser apparatus with Fabry-Perot mode monitoring and RF spectrum analyzer beat detection - An undergraduate laboratory apparatus combining an adjustable open-cavity HeNe laser (28 cm plasma tube, Brewster window, sliding output coupler over roughly 38–54 cm), an intra-cavity iris forcing TE
• Administrative dataset of all applicant contacts with one selective university's admissions office across two admission cycles - The study's data source is a comprehensive administrative record from a medium-sized highly selective university.
• Administrative earnings data spanning 1983 through 2007 used to estimate career-long returns to college selectivity - The article's evidence base is administrative earnings data used to estimate the effect of attending a highly selective college on future earnings.
• Advance Organizers - Concept maps, outlines, or visual guides that help learners structure new information before instruction.
• After-School Teacher Research Labs - Study groups in which teacher-researchers and university-based researchers "discuss research findings, and to plan, develop, and support innovations in instruction".
• Agentic Data-Engagement Positions - A set of four proactive roles — active researcher/consumer, analyst, author, and socio-scientific communicator — that learners can take up when engaging with real-world data, rather than being positio
• AI prototyping and research toolset: V0, Cursor, Mobbin, Figma, and Great Question - The field note names a toolset supporting the Design Loop.
• AI-enabled SST/MTSS meeting agenda tool built on Solara's custom configuration - A configuration solution built with Warwick Public Schools on Panorama's Solara platform: an AI-enabled MTSS meeting agenda generator that standardizes SST/MTSS meetings and automates data pulls.
• AI-powered MTSS intervention plan generator producing SMART goals and suggested interventions that educators can review and edit - The AI-powered MTSS plan generator is a co-designed tool that "produces SMART goals and suggested interventions to dramatically reduce planning time." It is customizable to local context, allowing sch
• All Day Kindergarten (ADK) Program: extra half day of individualized language-based instruction for underachieving kindergartners - The ADK Program, instituted in Columbus Public Schools in January 1972, provides underachieving kindergarten pupils "an extra half day of instruction in addition to the half day of instruction provide
• Alternative teacher certification routes compared in the IES studies: highly selective (Teach For America, Teaching Fellows) and less selective routes - The brief organizes two IES studies around a selectivity distinction among alternative teacher routes.
• Alumni Survey Design Toolkit for sustainability and scalability - The Alumni Survey Design Toolkit is a planned artifact for sustainability and scalability, comprising four components: "1.
• AMOVA Cluster Axiom for Manifold Consistency - The AMOVA Cluster Axiom for Manifold Consistency is a logical-mathematical rule governing how psychometric research instrument (psyri) items are grouped, equated by the article with research reliabili
• Analogies - Analogies connect a new idea to a more familiar situation, structure, or experience so learners can reason about the unfamiliar in terms they already understand.
• Analogies and prior knowledge activation - Uses comparisons to familiar concepts to support understanding.
• Analysis of typical summer learning patterns of five million students as a basis for COVID-19 loss projections - The paper bases its COVID-19 learning-loss projections partly on "analyses of typical summer learning patterns of five million students," combining this empirical basis with "estimates from prior lite
• Anchored Instruction - Anchored instruction situates learning around a shared, meaningful scenario or "anchor" that gives learners a concrete context for inquiry, analysis, and problem solving.
• Anecdote task (my treasured possession): mingling retelling of a personal story across partner changes - A low-preparation speaking task in which learners tell the story of a treasured possession to a classmate they normally do not work with, each speaking for 2 minutes, then change pairs and retell.
• Annotated bibliography of 27 instruments for assessing preschool affective development - Chapter 3 of the report catalogs the available assessment instrumentation for measuring affective development in the preschool child, presented as a chart plus "an annotated bibliography on 27 instrum
• Annotated bibliography of data-use literature informing the framework - The report includes an annotated bibliography of the literature used to inform the DDDM framework.
• Annotated bibliography of K-8 cultural and global awareness materials organized in 11 categories - The article is a guide that provides, in one integrated document, a listing and brief description of materials located in the Project Resource Center at Arizona State University.
• Annotated resource list of books, videos and websites on cognitive learning styles for ELT - The article's appendices compile suggested materials for ELT instructors: coursebooks and vocabulary references for intermediate to advanced levels, and online videos on cognitive learning.
• Annotated videodisc authoring template (Marario) - An authoring template developed at the McKay Institute that permitted annotating an existing film (Marario) transferred to videodisc.
• Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) Model - The ABC model analyzes behavior as an environmental trigger (antecedent) producing an observable action (behavior) followed by an outcome that strengthens or weakens its recurrence (consequence) — the
• App Inventor community-problem app projects with storyboarding - The deck presents App Inventor as a tool for students to build mobile apps, suggesting app content ideas such as "Build an App that solves a problem for your community", healthcare apps, tourist needs
• Application - Learners actively apply knowledge in meaningful tasks.
• Application of Knowledge - Learners apply concepts to real-world problems or case studies.
• Application programming interfaces as shared infrastructure for automated assessment tools - The report identifies two classes of software needed for computer-based automated assessment tools: individual tool applications and application programming interfaces.
• Argument Construction - Learners develop structured arguments with supporting evidence.
• Argumentation - Learners construct logical, evidence-based arguments to support their claims.
• ArgumentPeer project: argument diagramming with peer review and intelligent help - The primer describes the ArgumentPeer project as a technology example in which "students relate hypotheses and claims in an argument diagram and submit them online for review by their peers, each of w
• Articulation - Learners verbalize their thought processes and reasoning, making their understanding — and misunderstandings — observable and open to refinement.
• Assess performance - Measures learner progress and determines mastery of content.
• Assessment - Assessment is the structured collection of evidence about learner understanding, performance, or progress for the purposes of feedback, decision making, grading, or revision.
• Assessment education edited volume (Tarasawa, Gotwals, & Jackson, 2020) - An edited book published by Rowman & Littlefield in September 2020, edited by Beth Tarasawa, Amelia Gotwals, and Cara Jackson.
• Assessment Mechanic - The repeated in-game activity designed to elicit behaviour a log can capture and an evidence model can interpret — assessment built as a mechanic rather than bolted on as a test.
• Assigned Positions - Learners are assigned a specific stance on an issue and must argue from that perspective.
• Assigned Readings - Learners engage with pre-selected texts, articles, or book chapters to build foundational knowledge before or during instruction.
• Assignment-scoring standards and rubrics for authentic intellectual work in writing and mathematics - A set of six standards (three for writing, three for mathematics) translating the authentic intellectual work criteria into assessable assignment characteristics, each translated into scoring rubrics
• Associated project assessing long-term impacts of KIPP middle schools on college enrollment and persistence - Beyond the achievement brief, the page lists an associated project, "Assessing the Long-Term Impacts of KIPP Middle Schools on College Enrollment and Persistence," with a stated time frame of 2018-201
• Associated white paper: Evaluating the relationships between poverty and school performance - A white paper listed on the page as associated research for the webinar, titled "Evaluating the relationships between poverty and school performance".
• Atlanta Public Schools Turnaround Strategy evaluation (Year 2 impact report) - A Mathematica Policy Research evaluation of the Atlanta Public Schools Turnaround Strategy, prepared for the district for the 2016-2019 time frame.
• Attendance poster/infographic for pre-kindergarten and kindergarten audiences - The article is a poster/infographic released by Regional Educational Laboratory Mid-Atlantic in November 2019, described as a "Poster/infographic on the importance of attendance in pre-kindergarten an
• Attention - The design of instruction to capture, direct, and sustain learners' limited attentional resources toward content that matters for learning.
• Audacity-based Fourier analysis activity for teaching signal processing in an authentic context - A classroom activity in which students used Audacity, an open-source audio editing program, to generate tone and noise spectra, combine them, and perform a Fourier transform.
• Audience Analysis - A front-end design activity that identifies learners' prior knowledge, characteristics, needs, and context so instruction can be matched to who will actually learn from it.
• Audiobooks - Audiobooks deliver text content through spoken audio, allowing learners to access material through listening rather than (or alongside) reading.
• Authentic Instructional Assessments (AIA) - Authentic Instructional Assessments are "a detailed procedure and rubric for examining assessments and assignments" used by each of the three case-study schools to monitor instructional practice.
• Authentic intellectual work scoring rubrics with double-scoring design for inter-scorer reliability - The project scored assignments and student work using measurement rubrics created by writing and mathematics experts, one rubric set per subject (Documents 15 and 16).
• Automaticity - Automaticity is the state in which a skill or recognition process executes with minimal conscious attention and working-memory demand, freeing cognitive resources for higher-level tasks.