Elements: T

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• TAACCCT consortium implementing flexibly paced CBE programs in information technology - Under a Round 2 TAACCCT grant, "Sinclair Community College is leading a consortium with Austin Community College and Broward College to implement flexibly paced, competency-based education (CBE) progr
• Table 1 evidence matrix mapping interventions to ESSA evidence tiers across eleven outcome domains - Table 1 summarizes, for each of 15 interventions, the outcome domains for which WWC-reviewed evidence meets ESSA Tier 1, Tier 2, or Tier 3 requirements, spanning domains from high school attendance th
• Tablet-based magnetic-field demonstration set (coil circuit, ruler, book, MagnetMeter app) - A low-cost experimental kit for physics demonstrations in which a tablet's magnetometer measures the magnetic field of a current-carrying coil or a magnet.
• Tabletop Michelson interferometer demonstration for teaching wave interference and detector sensitivity - A tabletop Michelson interferometer used as a demonstration supplementing a modified lesson on wave physics.
• TAM-grounded post-session survey instrument with five domains and 15 open-ended questions - A post-session Qualtrics survey completed by the same nine instructors was grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model and structured into five domains: perceived usefulness of advanced metrics and pr
• TAN micro-credentials for Data and Analysis and Algorithms - The TAN project pairs its CT Booster sessions with micro-credentials that teachers can pursue in the same content areas.
• Task Management - Task management is the element in which learners organize, track, assign, or sequence work across a project or collaborative activity.
• Teacher apprenticeship programs as an approach to mitigating teacher shortages - Teacher apprenticeship programs are presented as a relatively new approach to mitigating teacher shortages.
• Teacher Incentive Fund (TIF) educator evaluation and compensation strategies - This element comprises the two educator-effectiveness strategies examined in the brief's underlying IES studies: performance feedback, in which "research-based performance measures" are used "to evalu
• Teacher Incentive Fund (TIF) performance pay evaluation study design report - A study design report prepared by Mathematica Policy Research for the U.S.
• Teacher instructional guidance measures of basic-skills and application-oriented emphasis in language arts and math - The 1994 teacher survey measures instructional guidance through four Rasch scales: Knowledge, Skill in Language Arts (individual reliability 0.76), Knowledge, Skill in Math (0.70), Application, Analys
• Teacher Language and Gesture Coding Scheme for Mathematical Equivalence - A coding scheme with four language codes (ISA, "is the same as"; DEF, definition; BAL, balance; FORM, equation form) and two gesture codes (GBAL, balance gesture; GSIDES, equation sides gesture) for a
• Teacher's Guide with activities, self-reflection, and goal-setting tools - The Teacher's Guide contains activities to be completed during and between PLC sessions, extending the professional learning into teachers' own classrooms.
• Teacher-level value-added model adaptation for identifying high-performing teachers in Memphis - This element is a teacher-level value-added application described on the publication page.
• Teaching residency program (TRP) model: master's coursework plus a one-year supervised residency - Teaching residency programs are alternative teacher-training models funded under the Teacher Quality Partnership Grant Program.
• Team-Based Inquiry - Students work in structured groups to analyze problems, construct solutions, and reflect together.
• Tech Talk card game prototype - Tech Talk is a card game prototype co-designed by youth to encourage human connection and frank conversations among young people about social media use and its impacts.
• Technical appendix document accompanying the gender-gap STEM trends study - A technical brief published by NWEA in May 2025, described as "the accompanying technical appendix to the research study" on gender achievement gaps in 8th grade STEM skills.
• Technical appendix document detailing sample and methods for the Student achievement in 2021-22 brief - A technical appendix document accompanying the NWEA Research brief on student achievement in 2021-22, authored by Megan Kuhfeld and Karyn Lewis and dated July 2022.
• Technical appendix documenting sample and methods for the 2021-22 COVID learning-recovery study - A technical appendix published by NWEA Research in December 2021, authored by Megan Kuhfeld and Karyn Lewis, accompanying the brief on achievement and growth at the start of the 2021-22 school year.
• Technical appendix documenting the projection methodology of the COVID-19 slide white paper - A technical brief published by NWEA Research that documents the methods used to produce the achievement projections in the white paper 'The COVID-19 slide: What summer learning loss can tell us about
• Technology access support for participating families - The program specifies its technology needs and provides access support: "Families can communicate with Waterford Upstart staff to track their child's progress on a phone or tablet," and "Some families
• Technology Affordances Matrix: entry-point table of technology work forms and their learning opportunities - The Technology Affordances Matrix is the Toolkit's entry-point table.
• Technology Integration - Technology integration is the element in which digital tools are used in direct service of learning goals, feedback, access, or collaboration.
• Technology Use and Support survey measures - The UChicago Consortium formed seven measures from survey items asking teachers and students about computer access, computer usage, and the availability of resources that facilitate the inclusion of t
• Technology-enhanced items (TEIs) as an assessment format adaptable to learning styles - Technology-enhanced items (TEIs) are an assessment item format that the article proposes developing based on students' learning styles.
• Tecnologías de Expedientes de Aprendizaje y Empleo (LER) - Un LER es "un registro de datos digital de las destrezas, experiencias y credenciales de un individuo que puede combinarse con otros LER y credenciales digitales" para hacerlos visibles en la búsqueda
• Ten-RCT empirical comparison of CACE variance formulas - An empirical analysis component of the report in which the authors "used data from ten large-scale RCTs" to compare significance findings for the CACE estimator.
• Ten-term algorithm vocabulary set for grades 3-8 - The deck specifies a vocabulary set labeled "Words to teach" for algorithm lessons.
• Test blueprints specifying content constraints for item selection - Test blueprints are the mechanism by which achievement testing meets the practical requirement that administered items represent a target content domain.
• Text underlining and annotating - A study aid involving marking text to indicate importance.
• Text-based synchronous chat with two-pane chronological display in a graduate seminar - The studied SCMD environment was a Web-based chat system with a top pane displaying messages chronologically with ordinal numbers and authors' names, and a bottom pane for composing messages.
• tf-idf term-weighting scheme from information retrieval - tf-idf is a composite weighting scheme from information retrieval that combines a term's frequency within a document with its inverse document frequency across the collection, formalized as tf(t,d) ti
• TFA i3 scale-up implementation study with two components: goal-attainment analysis and program-model fidelity analysis - The implementation study of TFA's i3 scale-up comprised two components: an analysis of whether TFA met its scale-up goals during the early years of the grant, and an analysis of whether it maintained
• The COVID-19 slide research brief and technical appendix on summer learning loss and school closures - A NWEA research brief with accompanying technical appendix and working paper, listed as associated research for the webinar.
• The Data Routine: a four-element structure for student engagement with data in science investigations - The Data Routine (Penuel et al., 2023) "identifies four elements that help teachers structure their students' engagement with data in a science investigation": Framing Questions, Orienting to the Data
• The Equity Project (TEP) charter school teacher compensation and responsibility model - TEP is a New York City charter school with what the report calls "a unique approach to rewarding and developing high quality teachers—including salaries of $125,000 and substantial professional respon
• The Evaluation of Reading Comprehension Interventions: a national design for assessing supplemental reading comprehension programs for fifth-grade students - The article describes a design report for a national evaluation of reading comprehension instruction.
• The Fluency Way: a proposed lesson guide for oral English proficiency - The Fluency Way is a prototype lesson guide the researcher formulated from the study's synthesized themes to encourage language fluency.
• The LoU Chart: operational definitions of the eight levels across seven categories of user knowledge and activity - The LoU Chart (Figure 2) displays operational definitions of the eight Levels of Use.
• The newsflash format: a succinct email announcement suited to tablets and smartphones - The newsflash is a succinct email-blast format announcing new research findings that incorporates a compelling story, engaging visuals, and electronic tools.
• The Pippi Longstocking book series as a case artifact for analyzing educational philosophies - The three classic Pippi Longstocking books by Astrid Lindgren (written in Swedish in 1945, translated into many languages and countries) serve as the data source for the study's document analysis.
• The West Was Won computer coach: observing student game play and intervening with hints at critical moments - Burton and Brown's (1982) coach for the Plato arithmetic game "How the West Was Won" observes students as they play and gives hints or advice at critical moments.
• The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) as the key federal investment in adult basic skills and high school equivalency - The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) is described in the report as "the key federal investment helping adults acquire these and other important skills, as well as to earn a high school
• Thematic bilingual audio dictionary lessons delivered via Telegram for incidental mobile listening - The researchers created seven audio vocabulary lessons covering homes-and-apartments topics such as "materials" and "opinions about housing arrangements", each about 2 to 8 minutes long.
• Therapist Complementarity Index (CI) derived from a weighted 4x4 Interaction Matrix - The article develops a quantification of therapist complementarity: a 4x4 Interaction Matrix in which "All 16 cells were assigned weightings (3, 2, or 1)" reflecting the relative complementarity of ea
• Think-Aloud - Think-aloud is the element in which an instructor, peer, or learner verbalizes reasoning while performing a task.
• Three co-regulation strategies for classroom facilitation: welcoming, praise, and breath to focus - The study implemented and tested three classroom strategies drawn from the SARHM project.
• Three performance task platforms: technology-enhanced, technology-enabled, and paper-and-pencil - The study manipulated delivery of a mathematics performance task across three platforms: "technology-enhanced (technology-based including animation and interactivity)," "technology-enabled (computer-b
• Three research-based summer math programs for grade 6-8 students (2019 and 2020) - The brief examines three summer programs that "used research-based curricula and instructional practices to boost learning among diverse groups of grade 6–8 students during the 2019 and 2020 summers."
• Three-brief In Focus series on effective data use in education - A Mathematica Policy Research In Focus brief series, prepared for the Gates Foundation under the Strategic Data Use in Education project (2011-2015), comprising three briefs.
• Three-category rubric for summative assessment of inquiry poster presentations - A rubric used to score individual poster presentations as a summative assessment of student learning in the inquiry.
• Three-dataset within-study comparison design varying pretest-selection correlation - The article's evidence base is a design combining "two within study comparisons and an especially strong quasi-experiment," each featuring "an educational intervention that seeks to improve achievemen
• Three-day interactive webinar workshop on analyzing log file and process data from international large-scale assessments in education - The page announces a professional development event offered by the IEA together with DIPF and ZIB: "a three-day workshop on analyzing log file and process data from international large-scale assessmen
• Three-dimensional computer-mediated participatory simulation for information problem-solving instruction - A 3D computer-generated participatory simulation built on sociocultural learning principles, in which students act as information literacy apprentices within a computer-generated community of informat
• Three-Lesson Web-Based SRL Training - A web-based training on self-regulated learning that "can be attended by virtually unlimited numbers of participants" choosing their own time and place.
• Three-task interview protocol with a 3D sun-earth model for eliciting young children's causal explanations - The study's data-gathering instrument is a semi-structured interview protocol combining verbal explanation prompts with a 3D model of the sun (a yellow plastic ball) and earth (a plastic globe).
• Three-tier trauma-informed consultation model implemented in Appalachian Head Start programs - A multiorganization collaboration implemented a trauma-informed approach in Head Start programs in the Appalachian region of the US through "a comprehensive, three‐tier model" using trained classroom
• Three-tiered task set (information gap, problem solving, decision making) for manipulating task complexity with child learners - The study operationalized task complexity through three classroom tasks around Lucy's Sunday schedule: an information gap task involving only information transmission (simple), a problem-solving task
• Three-week structured summer kindergarten transition program - A three-week structured kindergarten transition program offered by school districts during the summer before kindergarten.
• Time-varying effect modeling (TVEM) of achievement gaps across continuous age 5 to 15 - Time-varying effect modeling (TVEM) is the analytic approach the study uses to estimate "how the associations among race/ethnicity, poverty status, and math and reading achievement vary across continu
• Toolkit for improving attendance in pre-kindergarten and kindergarten for districts, schools, and early childhood providers - A companion artifact released Nov 21, 2019 by the same authors, titled "Strategies for Improving Attendance in Pre-Kindergarten and Kindergarten: Toolkit for Districts, Schools, and Early Childhood Pr
• Tough's list of twelve common self-teaching tasks - In constructing his 1967 study, Tough derived from pedagogic literature, his own self-education experience, colleague conversations and pilot interviews "a list of twelve 'common' self teaching tasks"
• TPACK-based Preschool Language Education course (objectives, content, learning organization, assessment) - A 13-week course integrating the TPACK framework into Preschool Language Education for pre-service preschool teachers.
• TPI conceptual map with associated resources, published online for navigation - The final TPI model is materialized as a conceptual map whose key concepts have the resources needed for the TPI procedure associated with them, "with the ultimate aim of making it easier to understan
• Traditional multiple-choice test item structure: stem, alternatives, and plausible distractors - The article defines the traditional multiple-choice test item as consisting 'of two basic parts: (1) a problem (stem ), and (2) a list of suggested solutions (alternatives/options )', with one correct
• Transfer Tasks - A transfer task requires learners to apply learned knowledge or skills to a novel problem or context different from the one in which they were taught.
• Travel fair carousel task: pairs present a destination to rotating visitors across immediate repetition cycles - Adapted from Lynch and Maclean (2001), pairs act as travel consultants persuading visitors to visit a chosen destination.
• TRI staffing structure: literacy coaches supervised by an intervention director - TRI literacy coaches from FPG Child Development Institute (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) "each have a degree in education and teaching experience." An intervention director trains and s
• Trim-and-fill publication-bias analysis procedure applied to learning-effectiveness meta-analysis - The article applies the trim and fill method (Duval & Tweedie) as its publication-bias analysis procedure within a five-step meta-analysis pipeline: effect size calculation, heterogeneity testing, sum
• Trust in Schools three-year study of 12 Chicago elementary schools - This is the research base behind the book: "Over the course of three years, Bryk and Schneider, together with a diverse team of other researchers and school practitioners, studied reform in 12 Chicago
• TSDL-inspired data activities: roster verification, data system integration, and new data presentation - New activities undertaken by states and districts that grew out of the TSDL project.
• Turkish K–8 e-learning platform with four module components (lessons, practices, exams, games) - The studied platform is a comprehensive online system for Grades 1–8 covering subjects aligned with Turkey's national curriculum, accessible via web browser or mobile application.
• Twenty-seven one-paragraph passages scaled for linkage, imagery, interest, reading ease, and word frequency - A normed corpus of 27 one-paragraph passages (nine narrative, nine factual, nine conceptual) with scores on five dimensions: familiarity (linkage), imagery, interest, reading ease, and word frequency.
• Two gameful assessment prototypes evaluated with Grades 3–7 students - The article evaluates two “gameful assessment” prototypes — assessments incorporating features of games — with 391 Grade 3–7 students and 14 teachers in one Midwestern and one Northwestern school.
• Two key figures depicting the DDDM process - The framework artifact consists of two key figures that together depict the DDDM process in education.
• Two NCLB Title I educational options: school transfer and supplemental educational services - Under the No Child Left Behind Act, Title I schools identified for improvement, corrective action, or restructuring due to lack of yearly progress must offer parents two options.
• Two-unit explicit morphology instruction program (EMIP) with outcome-based teaching for EFL secondary students - The EMIP is a short enrichment program organized thematically along two units: unit one covers basic morphological knowledge and unit two targets the two morphological skills, inflectional and derivat
• Two-week fruitless gene TBL laboratory module on aggression and courtship in Drosophila melanogaster - A two-week learning module in which, per the abstract, "students tested the role of the fruitless gene on aggression and courtship in Drosophila melanogaster via team-based learning (TBL) strategies"