Claims: Q

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• Q-matrix misspecification, if left unchecked, can have important practical implications - Q-matrix misspecification, if left unchecked, can have important practical implications
• Q-Q plots, CDF curves, and residual checks support the joint normality assumption underlying the multivariate true score model for the course-specific tests. - Q-Q plots, CDF curves, and residual checks support the joint normality assumption underlying the multivariate true score model for the course-specific tests.
• QCGE dimensions correlate weakly with each other except a moderate CE–CC correlation; nonverbal behaviors were not affected by task condition - QCGE dimensions correlate weakly with each other except a moderate CE–CC correlation; nonverbal behaviors were not affected by task condition
• QNC Level I predicts QNC Level II/III, which in turn predicts Grade 3 mathematics achievement; QNC Level I also retains a direct path to Grade 3 math - QNC Level I predicts QNC Level II/III, which in turn predicts Grade 3 mathematics achievement; QNC Level I also retains a direct path to Grade 3 math
• QR faculty on several CSU campuses are incorporating active-learning and problem-solving pedagogies into redesigned entry-level math courses - QR faculty on several CSU campuses are incorporating active-learning and problem-solving pedagogies into redesigned entry-level math courses
• Quadratic and cubic trends significantly improved the linear model of teacher and student behavior, showing the importance of studying nonlinearity - Quadratic and cubic trends significantly improved the linear model of teacher and student behavior, showing the importance of studying nonlinearity
• Quadratic latent growth fits MAP longitudinal achievement data better than linear growth across ten states - Quadratic latent growth fits MAP longitudinal achievement data better than linear growth across ten states
• Qualification is the most prevalent domain of educational purpose expressed in K-12 DLE research, appearing in 100% of reviewed studies - Qualification is the most prevalent domain of educational purpose expressed in K-12 DLE research, appearing in 100% of reviewed studies
• Qualitative analysis confirms the agent can identify confusing lesson content and provide actionable feedback for designers - Qualitative analysis confirms the agent can identify confusing lesson content and provide actionable feedback for designers
• Qualitative analysis finds the CIMI-M helped veterans share experiences and helped clinicians build trust and plan treatment - Qualitative analysis finds the CIMI-M helped veterans share experiences and helped clinicians build trust and plan treatment
• Qualitative analysis found radiation became perceptible in VR for all participants, while all reported operability differences favoring conventional training - Qualitative analysis found radiation became perceptible in VR for all participants, while all reported operability differences favoring conventional training
• Qualitative analysis found staged disclosure sometimes withheld inaccurate diagnostic details, but some errors still shaped student revisions - Qualitative analysis found staged disclosure sometimes withheld inaccurate diagnostic details, but some errors still shaped student revisions
• Qualitative analysis identified three mediating processes in KBM: discourse-driven idea improvement, analytics-supported meta-reflection, and model construction for system refinement - Qualitative analysis identified three mediating processes in KBM: discourse-driven idea improvement, analytics-supported meta-reflection, and model construction for system refinement
• Qualitative analysis of viewpoint-switching scenes indicated the 3D perspective-taking manipulatives bolstered perspective-taking via the nonverbal LED-status representations of students' states - Qualitative analysis of viewpoint-switching scenes indicated the 3D perspective-taking manipulatives bolstered perspective-taking via the nonverbal LED-status representations of students' states
• Qualitative case narratives show the chatbot shifted stakeholders from narrow, visually driven readings toward conditional, context-aware interpretations - Qualitative case narratives show the chatbot shifted stakeholders from narrow, visually driven readings toward conditional, context-aware interpretations
• Qualitative cases show three distinct interaction qualities: chains of individual autonomous actions, synchronized coordinated actions, and contemplative reflective group interaction - Qualitative cases show three distinct interaction qualities: chains of individual autonomous actions, synchronized coordinated actions, and contemplative reflective group interaction
• Qualitative data support the view that the four-day school week helps attract and retain teachers in rural districts - Qualitative data support the view that the four-day school week helps attract and retain teachers in rural districts
• Qualitative error analysis yields five recurring error types, with over-inference most prevalent (33.5%), followed by evidence misidentification (23.4%) and hallucination (19.8%) - Qualitative error analysis yields five recurring error types, with over-inference most prevalent (33.5%), followed by evidence misidentification (23.4%) and hallucination (19.8%)
• Qualitative evidence indicates the Kauffman School's hallmarks were implemented faithfully and stakeholders believed its methods positively influenced students' attitudes and performance - Qualitative evidence indicates the Kauffman School's hallmarks were implemented faithfully and stakeholders believed its methods positively influenced students' attitudes and performance
• Qualitative findings identified plagiarism, student overreliance on AI, and a barrier of reconciling institutional policy gaps with personal ethical values - Qualitative findings identified plagiarism, student overreliance on AI, and a barrier of reconciling institutional policy gaps with personal ethical values
• Qualitative findings indicate perceived benefits of recognition, meaning-making, and practical tips, alongside mixed emotional responses including distress - Qualitative findings indicate perceived benefits of recognition, meaning-making, and practical tips, alongside mixed emotional responses including distress
• Qualitative findings: ease of use supports engagement and confidence, but challenge must be tailored to ability and content must be culturally relatable - Qualitative findings: ease of use supports engagement and confidence, but challenge must be tailored to ability and content must be culturally relatable
• Qualitative findings: students initially held inaccurate beliefs about strategy efficacy, and high effort from interleaved practice was misinterpreted as a sign of poor learning - Qualitative findings: students initially held inaccurate beliefs about strategy efficacy, and high effort from interleaved practice was misinterpreted as a sign of poor learning
• Qualitative narratives reveal temporal guilt patterns, authenticity concerns, and skill-atrophy fears among academics using AI - Qualitative narratives reveal temporal guilt patterns, authenticity concerns, and skill-atrophy fears among academics using AI
• Qualitative reflections identify developmental inappropriateness (45%), vagueness and repetition (32%), and implementation feasibility (23%) as the main AI limitations - Qualitative reflections identify developmental inappropriateness (45%), vagueness and repetition (32%), and implementation feasibility (23%) as the main AI limitations
• Qualitative reflections indicate MPathic-VR students valued immediate feedback, nonverbal skill teaching, and preparation for emotion-charged encounters, while CBL students reported lack of interactivity and information overload - Qualitative reflections indicate MPathic-VR students valued immediate feedback, nonverbal skill teaching, and preparation for emotion-charged encounters, while CBL students reported lack of interactiv
• Qualitative research shows marginalized students' sense of belonging depends on maintaining connections to their valued identities at school (self-concept fit) - Qualitative research shows marginalized students' sense of belonging depends on maintaining connections to their valued identities at school (self-concept fit)
• Qualitative research shows resource fit—safety and financial resources—shapes marginalized students' sense of belonging - Qualitative research shows resource fit—safety and financial resources—shapes marginalized students' sense of belonging
• Qualitative studies depict teachers as emotional socialisers whose modelling, warmth, and structure are perceived to foster students' SEC and classroom engagement - Qualitative studies depict teachers as emotional socialisers whose modelling, warmth, and structure are perceived to foster students' SEC and classroom engagement
• Qualitative studies describe distress, relational disruption, and meaningful companion loss when chatbot use becomes emotionally significant - Qualitative studies describe distress, relational disruption, and meaningful companion loss when chatbot use becomes emotionally significant
• Qualitative studies identify dynamics, patterns, and development in team learning behaviours, linked to situated knowledge and transactivity - Qualitative studies identify dynamics, patterns, and development in team learning behaviours, linked to situated knowledge and transactivity
• Qualitative studies identify potential mechanisms linking nature and creativity, including solitude, relaxation, inspiration, and disconnection from technology - Qualitative studies identify potential mechanisms linking nature and creativity, including solitude, relaxation, inspiration, and disconnection from technology
• Qualitative studies report district-provided professional development and adequate preparation time as necessary factors for effective restorative justice implementation - Qualitative studies report district-provided professional development and adequate preparation time as necessary factors for effective restorative justice implementation
• Qualitative survey themes describe 'Pedagogical Burnout': faculty report detection policing displaces teaching, casts them as 'Digital Prosecutors', and fuels an unwinnable arms race - Qualitative survey themes describe 'Pedagogical Burnout': faculty report detection policing displaces teaching, casts them as 'Digital Prosecutors', and fuels an unwinnable arms race
• Qualitative themes: efficiency and peer influence drive AI use, while confidence and rule ambiguity shape students' perceptions of dependence - Qualitative themes: efficiency and peer influence drive AI use, while confidence and rule ambiguity shape students' perceptions of dependence
• Qualitative transcript analysis showed the KBD robot used Socratic questioning, slide-grounded sourced claims, and explained feedback far more often, while the control robot produced false statements and never cited sources - Qualitative transcript analysis showed the KBD robot used Socratic questioning, slide-grounded sourced claims, and explained feedback far more often, while the control robot produced false statements
• Qualitatively, AI-peer integrated feedback was associated with a broader repertoire of revision operations and more agentive cognitive strategies than peer feedback alone - Qualitatively, AI-peer integrated feedback was associated with a broader repertoire of revision operations and more agentive cognitive strategies than peer feedback alone
• Qualitatively, Socratic prompts supported reflective monitoring while directive feedback was associated with overload and resistance - Qualitatively, Socratic prompts supported reflective monitoring while directive feedback was associated with overload and resistance
• Qualities metaphors depicted GenAI as unknowable, unreliable and unbounded, with participants unsettled by its opacity - Qualities metaphors depicted GenAI as unknowable, unreliable and unbounded, with participants unsettled by its opacity
• Quality control in peer assessment can be exercised proactively or reactively on students and their assessments - Quality control in peer assessment can be exercised proactively or reactively on students and their assessments
• Quality measures vary widely in foci, observation approach and index derivation, obscuring which specific characteristics drive stronger child outcomes - Quality measures vary widely in foci, observation approach and index derivation, obscuring which specific characteristics drive stronger child outcomes
• Quality of explanations is higher in groups containing above-average students than in groups without them - Quality of explanations is higher in groups containing above-average students than in groups without them
• Quality of habitual breakfast, in terms of variety of food groups and adequate energy, is positively related to school performance - Quality of habitual breakfast, in terms of variety of food groups and adequate energy, is positively related to school performance
• Quality of self-generated examples correlated with knowledge transfer and perceived learning control but not with knowledge retention - Quality of self-generated examples correlated with knowledge transfer and perceived learning control but not with knowledge retention
• Quality of staff-student and staff-parent relationships most strongly defines safe schools, with disadvantaged high-relationship schools feeling safer than advantaged low-relationship schools - Quality of staff-student and staff-parent relationships most strongly defines safe schools, with disadvantaged high-relationship schools feeling safer than advantaged low-relationship schools
• Quality of the kindergarten teacher–child relationship moderates the preschool-to-kindergarten development of math ability on the ECLS-K Math battery but not the Applied Problems subtest - Quality of the kindergarten teacher–child relationship moderates the preschool-to-kindergarten development of math ability on the ECLS-K Math battery but not the Applied Problems subtest
• Quality of the therapeutic relationship and counseling effectiveness are not correlated with each other, though both correlate with therapist experience - Quality of the therapeutic relationship and counseling effectiveness are not correlated with each other, though both correlate with therapist experience
• Quality of work rather than time consumed proved the most reliable measure of intelligence across the battery - Quality of work rather than time consumed proved the most reliable measure of intelligence across the battery
• Quality out-of-class language learning combines focus on meaning and form and correlates with higher grades - Quality out-of-class language learning combines focus on meaning and form and correlates with higher grades
• Quality standards vary across federal ECE programs, with CCDBG and Head Start minimum standards differing significantly - Quality standards vary across federal ECE programs, with CCDBG and Head Start minimum standards differing significantly
• Quantifiable outputs such as publishing and obtaining funding have become central to enabling or developing an academic career in marketized systems - Quantifiable outputs such as publishing and obtaining funding have become central to enabling or developing an academic career in marketized systems
• Quantitative and qualitative study designs differ in which change types and characteristics they can identify - Quantitative and qualitative study designs differ in which change types and characteristics they can identify
• Quantitative experimental results on representational formats left the role of representations in dyad discussion unexplained - Quantitative experimental results on representational formats left the role of representations in dyad discussion unexplained
• Quantitative longitudinal studies mostly show minor change in team learning behaviours, with dynamics in boundary crossing and team activity - Quantitative longitudinal studies mostly show minor change in team learning behaviours, with dynamics in boundary crossing and team activity
• Quantitative methods exist for assessing how impacts of educational interventions on instructional practices and student learning differ across students, educators, and schools - Quantitative methods exist for assessing how impacts of educational interventions on instructional practices and student learning differ across students, educators, and schools
• Quantitative research on homeschooling covers available data sources, estimates of homeschooled children, part-time homeschooling, and families' reasons for homeschooling - Quantitative research on homeschooling covers available data sources, estimates of homeschooled children, part-time homeschooling, and families' reasons for homeschooling
• Quantitative skills were explicitly addressed by only three of the seven reviewed frameworks - Quantitative skills were explicitly addressed by only three of the seven reviewed frameworks
• Quantization-aware fine-tuning narrows the FP16-to-4-bit accuracy gap and partially recovers accuracy lost to standard 4-bit quantization - Quantization-aware fine-tuning narrows the FP16-to-4-bit accuracy gap and partially recovers accuracy lost to standard 4-bit quantization
• Quasi-experimental and experimental interventions can positively change epistemic cognition, but the theory-of-change remains unidentified - Quasi-experimental and experimental interventions can positively change epistemic cognition, but the theory-of-change remains unidentified
• Question and observed-coverage features retrospectively predict high-divergence questions with AUC 0.774, but the model is not validated for new-query routing - Question and observed-coverage features retrospectively predict high-divergence questions with AUC 0.774, but the model is not validated for new-query routing
• Question difficulty was scored as percentage of correctness, assumed inversely related to difficulty - Question difficulty was scored as percentage of correctness, assumed inversely related to difficulty
• Question E was answered by all 27 high-school pupils, establishing a zero-difficulty reference 2.191 units below the median - Question E was answered by all 27 high-school pupils, establishing a zero-difficulty reference 2.191 units below the median
• Question prompts improve learning
• Question quality, not study time, predicted comprehension test performance among questioners - Question quality, not study time, predicted comprehension test performance among questioners
• Question specificity during Socratic AI tutoring correlates mildly but positively with self-reported expected course grade (Pearson r ≈ 0.43), with substantial scatter - Question specificity during Socratic AI tutoring correlates mildly but positively with self-reported expected course grade (Pearson r ≈ 0.43), with substantial scatter
• Question timing interacts with relevance of rereading: inserted-question students reread more relevant and less non-relevant information than post-reading students - Question timing interacts with relevance of rereading: inserted-question students reread more relevant and less non-relevant information than post-reading students
• Question-answering and dialogue histories are complementary views of the same student, with signals transferring across metric categories - Question-answering and dialogue histories are complementary views of the same student, with signals transferring across metric categories
• Question-driven AI journaling increases intrinsic motivation and acting confidence among actors - Question-driven AI journaling increases intrinsic motivation and acting confidence among actors
• Questioning learners prompts and may distort retrospective self-reports of strategy use - Questioning learners prompts and may distort retrospective self-reports of strategy use
• Questioning Strategies Improve Learning
• Questioning-with-training produced higher posttest scores than read-reread study (Experiment 2) - Questioning-with-training produced higher posttest scores than read-reread study (Experiment 2)
• Questionnaire constructs showed acceptable to strong internal consistency (α = 0.740 to 0.945) - Questionnaire constructs showed acceptable to strong internal consistency (α = 0.740 to 0.945)
• Questionnaire data may capture learners' perceptions rather than the strategies they actually performed - Questionnaire data may capture learners' perceptions rather than the strategies they actually performed
• Questionnaire measures of curiosity are difficult to use validly with young children - Questionnaire measures of curiosity are difficult to use validly with young children
• Questionnaire responses from 3,598 pupils show boys' and girls' reading interests are far from identical, with some interests increasing or declining with age - Questionnaire responses from 3,598 pupils show boys' and girls' reading interests are far from identical, with some interests increasing or declining with age
• Questions interpolated between video lecture segments improve subsequent test performance and reduce mind wandering - Questions interpolated between video lecture segments improve subsequent test performance and reduce mind wandering
• Quick transition from emotion to practice indirectly recognizes the emotion to a somewhat greater extent than ignoring it - Quick transition from emotion to practice indirectly recognizes the emotion to a somewhat greater extent than ignoring it
• Quiz accuracy declines from immediate to 1-week delayed testing regardless of text medium - Quiz accuracy declines from immediate to 1-week delayed testing regardless of text medium
• Quiz mode's course-blind Python question generation was the only cross-course failure requiring a code change during onboarding - Quiz mode's course-blind Python question generation was the only cross-course failure requiring a code change during onboarding
• Quiz-level first-attempt performance analysis across cohorts identifies persistently challenging topics in online biomedical science courses - Quiz-level first-attempt performance analysis across cohorts identifies persistently challenging topics in online biomedical science courses
• Quizizz-based gamification improved word memorization over traditional methods for intermediate learners - Quizizz-based gamification improved word memorization over traditional methods for intermediate learners
• Quizzes are the only LMS activity type negatively correlated with reported time-on-task and perceived difficulty - Quizzes are the only LMS activity type negatively correlated with reported time-on-task and perceived difficulty
• Quizzing outperforms no/filler activity, fewer-question testing and restudying, with a larger advantage over no/filler activity (low reexposure) than over restudying (high reexposure); against other elaborative strategies its advantage is small and not significant. - Quizzing outperforms no/filler activity, fewer-question testing and restudying, with a larger advantage over no/filler activity (low reexposure) than over restudying (high reexposure); against other e
• Qwen 7B and Mistral Nemo 12B passed the classroom speed gate in round 2 and were retained as candidates pending faculty review - Qwen 7B and Mistral Nemo 12B passed the classroom speed gate in round 2 and were retained as candidates pending faculty review