Claims: T 5

A 1 · A 2 · A 3 · A 4 · A 5 · A 6 · A 7 · A 8 · B 1 · B 2 · C 1 · C 2 · C 3 · C 4 · C 5 · C 6 · D 1 · D 2 · D 3 · E 1 · E 2 · E 3 · E 4 · F 1 · F 2 · F 3 · G 1 · G 2 · H 1 · H 2 · I 1 · I 2 · I 3 · I 4 · I 5 · J · K · L 1 · L 2 · L 3 · M 1 · M 2 · M 3 · M 4 · N 1 · N 2 · O 1 · O 2 · P 1 · P 2 · P 3 · P 4 · P 5 · Q · R 1 · R 2 · R 3 · S 1 · S 2 · S 3 · S 4 · S 5 · S 6 · S 7 · S 8 · T 1 · T 2 · T 3 · T 4 · T 5 · T 6 · T 7 · T 8 · T 9 · T 10 · U · V · W 1 · W 2 · X · Y · Z · 0-9

• The Ecree study examined teachers' and students' use of the tool and its impact on student and teacher outcomes during the 2021-2022 school year - The Ecree study examined teachers' and students' use of the tool and its impact on student and teacher outcomes during the 2021-2022 school year
• The EDIT uses a multimethod approach gathering evidence with checklists, ratings, and rubrics - The EDIT uses a multimethod approach gathering evidence with checklists, ratings, and rubrics
• The EDIT was developed iteratively beginning in 2012 under OPRE commissioning - The EDIT was developed iteratively beginning in 2012 under OPRE commissioning
• The editor accepted Levin's response with no revision and no review, calling it the shortest article of his editorship - The editor accepted Levin's response with no revision and no review, calling it the shortest article of his editorship
• The editor characterizes AERA's direction over the past 20 years as less about research and more about politics - The editor characterizes AERA's direction over the past 20 years as less about research and more about politics
• The editor predicts NRC group tests will make intelligence testing a routine school measure and open the way for adjusting school work to pupil needs - The editor predicts NRC group tests will make intelligence testing a routine school measure and open the way for adjusting school work to pupil needs
• The editor reports that Levin's response to poetic-inquiry advocacy was rejected by Educational Researcher without review - The editor reports that Levin's response to poetic-inquiry advocacy was rejected by Educational Researcher without review
• The editorial argues AI will not have a negligible impact on the job market: automation driven by GAI is reshaping work and deepening economic disparities - The editorial argues AI will not have a negligible impact on the job market: automation driven by GAI is reshaping work and deepening economic disparities
• The editorial argues that advanced, technical study of a subject may be worse than useless for the high school teacher of that subject. - The editorial argues that advanced, technical study of a subject may be worse than useless for the high school teacher of that subject.
• The editorial argues that fundamental questions about teaching music should be settled by controlled experiment rather than by trial and error. - The editorial argues that fundamental questions about teaching music should be settled by controlled experiment rather than by trial and error.
• The editorial reports an online teacher professional development intervention combining social capital mechanisms and automated scaffolds succeeded, with transactivity as a process indicator - The editorial reports an online teacher professional development intervention combining social capital mechanisms and automated scaffolds succeeded, with transactivity as a process indicator
• The editorial reports that a meta-analysis of 53 primary studies found CSCL collaboration scripts had a non-significant positive effect on motivation, countering criticism that scripts harm motivation - The editorial reports that a meta-analysis of 53 primary studies found CSCL collaboration scripts had a non-significant positive effect on motivation, countering criticism that scripts harm motivation
• The editorial reports that a mixed methods study of 42 participant pairs found partly contradictory and partly complementary results on physiological synchrony and collaborative learning - The editorial reports that a mixed methods study of 42 participant pairs found partly contradictory and partly complementary results on physiological synchrony and collaborative learning
• The editorial reports that CSCL scripts show positive effects on domain learning and collaboration process skills, and that scaffolding single versus combinations of collaborative activities affects script impact - The editorial reports that CSCL scripts show positive effects on domain learning and collaboration process skills, and that scaffolding single versus combinations of collaborative activities affects s
• The editorial reports that human-material interactions in fibre crafting produce algorithmic outcomes, with materials acting as collaborative agents (Keune) - The editorial reports that human-material interactions in fibre crafting produce algorithmic outcomes, with materials acting as collaborative agents (Keune)
• The editorial reports that immersive VR became a resource for collaborative meaning making through 'emancipatory immersion' (Silseth et al.) - The editorial reports that immersive VR became a resource for collaborative meaning making through 'emancipatory immersion' (Silseth et al.)
• The editorial reports that successful collaborative making teams resolved coordination challenges through intertwined social-discursive and materially mediated processes - The editorial reports that successful collaborative making teams resolved coordination challenges through intertwined social-discursive and materially mediated processes
• The editorial reports that teacher–student collaborative discourse scaffolds data-representation sensemaking and narrative construction - The editorial reports that teacher–student collaborative discourse scaffolds data-representation sensemaking and narrative construction
• The editorial reports the squib's argument that ambitious learning practices can empower students, support shared meaning-making, and potentially disrupt social inequality - The editorial reports the squib's argument that ambitious learning practices can empower students, support shared meaning-making, and potentially disrupt social inequality
• The editorial's insights derive from reflections of 13 first-generation chemists and cannot represent all first-generation scientists - The editorial's insights derive from reflections of 13 first-generation chemists and cannot represent all first-generation scientists
• The editors identify sequentiality of CSCL discourse — how one action takes up a previous action in online interaction — as a central, under-theorized problem - The editors identify sequentiality of CSCL discourse — how one action takes up a previous action in online interaction — as a central, under-theorized problem
• The editors report that knowledge brokering via collaborative entanglement is more successful than linear knowledge transfer for mobilising education research - The editors report that knowledge brokering via collaborative entanglement is more successful than linear knowledge transfer for mobilising education research
• The EDPR editorial board spans 50 members from 10 countries across 4 continents, and the editor sees more diversity as valuable - The EDPR editorial board spans 50 members from 10 countries across 4 continents, and the editor sees more diversity as valuable
• The education-focused AI platform (C2) received numerically higher expert ratings than the general-purpose platform (C1) across all eight overall quality criteria - The education-focused AI platform (C2) received numerically higher expert ratings than the general-purpose platform (C1) across all eight overall quality criteria
• The educational summer dip is invisible in aggregate 2025 ChatGPT activity due to rapid overall growth, even though the school-calendar response remains intact - The educational summer dip is invisible in aggregate 2025 ChatGPT activity due to rapid overall growth, even though the school-calendar response remains intact
• The educational value of GAI is contingent on pedagogical integration, not on the technology itself - The educational value of GAI is contingent on pedagogical integration, not on the technology itself
• The EduQwen 32B models achieve up to 96.52% accuracy on the CDPK Benchmark, surpassing the previous leaderboard leader Gemini-3 Pro at 90.55% - The EduQwen 32B models achieve up to 96.52% accuracy on the CDPK Benchmark, surpassing the previous leaderboard leader Gemini-3 Pro at 90.55%
• The EEG-adaptive exercise condition produced significantly higher cognitive engagement during training than the unrestricted chatbot condition (p = .018), and was the only condition above the 0.5 baseline - The EEG-adaptive exercise condition produced significantly higher cognitive engagement during training than the unrestricted chatbot condition (p = .018), and was the only condition above the 0.5 base
• The effect of a binding SBP mandate is larger for low-income students, males, and students from larger families, and does not vary with threshold levels from 10 to 40 percent - The effect of a binding SBP mandate is larger for low-income students, males, and students from larger families, and does not vary with threshold levels from 10 to 40 percent
• The effect of a growth mindset intervention does not interact with knowledge type for motivation, cognitive load, or recall - The effect of a growth mindset intervention does not interact with knowledge type for motivation, cognitive load, or recall
• The effect of a single exercise bout on children's short-term memory depends on an interaction of time, age, and exercise type. - The effect of a single exercise bout on children's short-term memory depends on an interaction of time, age, and exercise type.
• The effect of attention on linguistic-probe P1 latency interacts with age group - The effect of attention on linguistic-probe P1 latency interacts with age group
• The effect of context awareness on perceived task-completion support depends on the pedagogical guidance style it is paired with - The effect of context awareness on perceived task-completion support depends on the pedagogical guidance style it is paired with
• The effect of cooperative learning did not differ statistically by teaching style, outcome type, publication quality, bias status, or report type - The effect of cooperative learning did not differ statistically by teaching style, outcome type, publication quality, bias status, or report type
• The effect of cooperative learning differs by the location of the meta-analysis studies, with single-country studies showing higher effects than mixed-country studies - The effect of cooperative learning differs by the location of the meta-analysis studies, with single-country studies showing higher effects than mixed-country studies
• The effect of crystallized intelligence on children's creativity is mediated by shifting - The effect of crystallized intelligence on children's creativity is mediated by shifting
• The effect of CSCL scripts on collaboration skills is significantly greater than their effect on domain-specific knowledge - The effect of CSCL scripts on collaboration skills is significantly greater than their effect on domain-specific knowledge
• The effect of cultural diversity on children's creativity is moderated by mindset, with a significant Diversity × Mindset interaction - The effect of cultural diversity on children's creativity is moderated by mindset, with a significant Diversity × Mindset interaction
• The effect of deployment on mental health outcomes does not differ by branch of service or duty/enlistment status - The effect of deployment on mental health outcomes does not differ by branch of service or duty/enlistment status
• The effect of extensive reading on reading attitude varied by attitude component, shown by a significant time × attitude interaction (ηp² = .168) - The effect of extensive reading on reading attitude varied by attitude component, shown by a significant time × attitude interaction (ηp² = .168)
• The effect of feedback valence on expected effort required is fully mediated by self-efficacy (Experiments 1 and 2) and threat (Experiment 1) - The effect of feedback valence on expected effort required is fully mediated by self-efficacy (Experiments 1 and 2) and threat (Experiment 1)
• The effect of GEMS® Space Science Sequence on the Space Science Content test is smaller and not statistically significant at the five-month follow-up - The effect of GEMS® Space Science Sequence on the Space Science Content test is smaller and not statistically significant at the five-month follow-up
• The effect of learning mode on children’s SSI applications was largest among elementary school children - The effect of learning mode on children’s SSI applications was largest among elementary school children
• The effect of mathematics test practice varies across prior-achievement levels, with significant effects at intermediate-to-high levels (levels 3 and 4) but not at the lowest or highest - The effect of mathematics test practice varies across prior-achievement levels, with significant effects at intermediate-to-high levels (levels 3 and 4) but not at the lowest or highest
• The effect of min-counting on solution time and accuracy varies significantly across both items and persons - The effect of min-counting on solution time and accuracy varies significantly across both items and persons
• The effect of page-break response cues on locating accuracy depends on the presentation mode read: they help Page readers and hurt Scroll readers - The effect of page-break response cues on locating accuracy depends on the presentation mode read: they help Page readers and hurt Scroll readers
• The effect of practice condition on learning gains was moderated by a three-way interaction of condition, baseline self-efficacy, and favorability - The effect of practice condition on learning gains was moderated by a three-way interaction of condition, baseline self-efficacy, and favorability
• The effect of response styles on growth estimates varies by psychological construct, response style, and IRT model used - The effect of response styles on growth estimates varies by psychological construct, response style, and IRT model used
• The effect of retention interval on reading comprehension after retrieval practice does not differ significantly between lower-order and higher-order thinking questions - The effect of retention interval on reading comprehension after retrieval practice does not differ significantly between lower-order and higher-order thinking questions
• The effect of retrieval practice format on reading comprehension does not differ significantly between an immediate and a three-week-delayed final test - The effect of retrieval practice format on reading comprehension does not differ significantly between an immediate and a three-week-delayed final test
• The effect of retrieval practice format on reading comprehension does not differ significantly between lower-order and higher-order thinking questions - The effect of retrieval practice format on reading comprehension does not differ significantly between lower-order and higher-order thinking questions
• The effect of reward on inhibitory control is not moderated by participant age (children vs adults) - The effect of reward on inhibitory control is not moderated by participant age (children vs adults)
• The effect of reward on inhibitory control is not moderated by reward type (monetary vs points vs other) - The effect of reward on inhibitory control is not moderated by reward type (monetary vs points vs other)
• The effect of selective auditory attention on early neural processing differs between children of higher and lower maternal education (significant group × attention interaction within 100–200 msec) - The effect of selective auditory attention on early neural processing differs between children of higher and lower maternal education (significant group × attention interaction within 100–200 msec)
• The effect of social persuasion on student teacher efficacy depends on its form: verbal feedback from cooperating teachers is positive while structured communication tools and peer pairing show no benefit - The effect of social persuasion on student teacher efficacy depends on its form: verbal feedback from cooperating teachers is positive while structured communication tools and peer pairing show no ben
• The effect of social skills on academic performance is unclear; poor social skills are clearly associated with negative outcomes - The effect of social skills on academic performance is unclear; poor social skills are clearly associated with negative outcomes
• The effect of SRL interventions does not differ significantly by course type, SRL strategy type, school level, or learning context - The effect of SRL interventions does not differ significantly by course type, SRL strategy type, school level, or learning context
• The effect of student achievement on enjoyment is largely consistently positive across 37 countries, while the size of the negative class-average effect varies from country to country - The effect of student achievement on enjoyment is largely consistently positive across 37 countries, while the size of the negative class-average effect varies from country to country
• The effect of Tekster differs by grade level, with slightly smaller gains in Grade 6 than in Grades 4 and 5 - The effect of Tekster differs by grade level, with slightly smaller gains in Grade 6 than in Grades 4 and 5
• The effect of Tekster does not depend on student gender - The effect of Tekster does not depend on student gender
• The effect of Tekster does not depend on students' initial writing proficiency - The effect of Tekster does not depend on students' initial writing proficiency
• The effect on SAT math scores was positive but not statistically significant, though large enough to be substantively important (effect size at least 0.25) - The effect on SAT math scores was positive but not statistically significant, though large enough to be substantively important (effect size at least 0.25)
• The effectiveness of concrete representations may depend more on how relatable they are than on their real-world existence - The effectiveness of concrete representations may depend more on how relatable they are than on their real-world existence
• The effectiveness of CSCL scripts for domain learning does not significantly depend on the number of different collaborative activities prompted - The effectiveness of CSCL scripts for domain learning does not significantly depend on the number of different collaborative activities prompted
• The effectiveness of different forms of citizenship education remains unclear, and the review evaluates effects in relation to the quality of the studies reviewed - The effectiveness of different forms of citizenship education remains unclear, and the review evaluates effects in relation to the quality of the studies reviewed
• The effectiveness of dropout schedules depends critically on the length of the interval between presentations of an item - The effectiveness of dropout schedules depends critically on the length of the interval between presentations of an item
• The effectiveness of each generative learning strategy is subject to potential boundary conditions discussed in the review - The effectiveness of each generative learning strategy is subject to potential boundary conditions discussed in the review
• The effectiveness of home visiting and befriending schemes for social isolation and loneliness among older people remains unclear - The effectiveness of home visiting and befriending schemes for social isolation and loneliness among older people remains unclear
• The effectiveness of instructional techniques and procedures interacts with levels of learner prior knowledge, a pattern known as the expertise reversal effect - The effectiveness of instructional techniques and procedures interacts with levels of learner prior knowledge, a pattern known as the expertise reversal effect
• The effectiveness of open-ended prompts varies by grade level and collaboration, with individual written prompts not supporting fifth and sixth grade comprehension but peer discussion and older students' use showing positive outcomes - The effectiveness of open-ended prompts varies by grade level and collaboration, with individual written prompts not supporting fifth and sixth grade comprehension but peer discussion and older studen
• The effectiveness of reflective AI-engagement mechanisms varies across users, depending on Need for Cognition, expertise, domain familiarity, and task difficulty - The effectiveness of reflective AI-engagement mechanisms varies across users, depending on Need for Cognition, expertise, domain familiarity, and task difficulty
• The effectiveness of some types of peer tutoring is already well established but under-disseminated to practitioners - The effectiveness of some types of peer tutoring is already well established but under-disseminated to practitioners
• The effects of attending a bullying-reducing school on graduation are larger for students with a history of victimization - The effects of attending a bullying-reducing school on graduation are larger for students with a history of victimization
• The effects of Bottom Line are not known for outcome domains other than college enrollment and progressing in college - The effects of Bottom Line are not known for outcome domains other than college enrollment and progressing in college
• The effects of departmentalized instruction on student achievement and teacher retention remain unclear - The effects of departmentalized instruction on student achievement and teacher retention remain unclear
• The effects of ITSS are not known for adolescent literacy outcomes other than comprehension - The effects of ITSS are not known for adolescent literacy outcomes other than comprehension
• The effects of LDI structure on recall and recognition of linkages are fully mediated by fixation times on the referred-to picture elements - The effects of LDI structure on recall and recognition of linkages are fully mediated by fixation times on the referred-to picture elements
• The effects of physical activity on cognition and academic outcomes depend on the subdomain examined - The effects of physical activity on cognition and academic outcomes depend on the subdomain examined
• The effects of thoughtless GenAI use on motivation, self-efficacy, and self-directed learning differ significantly by gender - The effects of thoughtless GenAI use on motivation, self-efficacy, and self-directed learning differ significantly by gender
• The efficiency advantage of prior collaborative experience emerges under high information density but not under low information density - The efficiency advantage of prior collaborative experience emerges under high information density but not under low information density
• The effort-based reward reduced how often participants used the assistant, whereas metacognitive feedback changed how they used it - The effort-based reward reduced how often participants used the assistant, whereas metacognitive feedback changed how they used it
• The effort-moderated IRT model's parameter estimation accuracy was studied under multiple assumption violations in the context of test-taking disengagement - The effort-moderated IRT model's parameter estimation accuracy was studied under multiple assumption violations in the context of test-taking disengagement
• The effortful control–DLPFC activation model is specific to effortful control, not to negative affectivity or surgency - The effortful control–DLPFC activation model is specific to effortful control, not to negative affectivity or surgency
• The Egyptian school probability curriculum is dominated by quasi-pedagogical randomising-device tasks - The Egyptian school probability curriculum is dominated by quasi-pedagogical randomising-device tasks
• The EI-to-FES path is significant only for U.S.-born families - The EI-to-FES path is significant only for U.S.-born families
• The eight Barkley Current Behavior Scale items chosen for DESR show high internal consistency - The eight Barkley Current Behavior Scale items chosen for DESR show high internal consistency
• The eight-predictor model explains 27.3% of variance in AI dependency, and multidimensional AI literacy adds explanatory value over a single aggregate score - The eight-predictor model explains 27.3% of variance in AI dependency, and multidimensional AI literacy adds explanatory value over a single aggregate score
• The eighth-grade promotion gate had the largest impact on ninth-grade enrollment, with almost 2,900 fewer students advancing in fall 1998 - The eighth-grade promotion gate had the largest impact on ninth-grade enrollment, with almost 2,900 fewer students advancing in fall 1998
• The ELA placement test was most precise for students whose scores would place them into developmental courses, with precision declining above the 40th percentile - The ELA placement test was most precise for students whose scores would place them into developmental courses, with precision declining above the 40th percentile
• The element interactivity effect relies on changes in element interactivity due to changes in the type of material being learned - The element interactivity effect relies on changes in element interactivity due to changes in the type of material being learned
• The Elementary examination represents three semester hours, half the Advanced requirement - The Elementary examination represents three semester hours, half the Advanced requirement
• The ELEVATE server pipeline runs locally on two heterogeneous consumer machines, keeping LLM and TTS models fully resident in memory for low-latency inference - The ELEVATE server pipeline runs locally on two heterogeneous consumer machines, keeping LLM and TTS models fully resident in memory for low-latency inference
• The emergent LLM coding pipeline reaches substantial agreement with expert human coding (Cohen's κ = 0.78, raw agreement 84%) on a stratified 10% sample - The emergent LLM coding pipeline reaches substantial agreement with expert human coding (Cohen's κ = 0.78, raw agreement 84%) on a stratified 10% sample
• The emote-aloud procedure is limited by non-reporting and floor effects: 2 of 7 participants did not verbalise affective states and four states were removed from analysis - The emote-aloud procedure is limited by non-reporting and floor effects: 2 of 7 participants did not verbalise affective states and four states were removed from analysis
• The emotional well-being index has the least predictive power on academic outcomes, with effect sizes in the hundredth-of-a-SD range - The emotional well-being index has the least predictive power on academic outcomes, with effect sizes in the hundredth-of-a-SD range
• The end-to-end attention-estimation pipeline meets the one-second prediction stride on an NVIDIA A100 GPU, with warm latency of 50.65 ms per window and 1.02 ms for the temporal model - The end-to-end attention-estimation pipeline meets the one-second prediction stride on an NVIDIA A100 GPU, with warm latency of 50.65 ms per window and 1.02 ms for the temporal model
• The enhanced item-selection algorithm (EISA) causes shifts in math scores that were fully accounted for in the 2025 norms and the dashboard - The enhanced item-selection algorithm (EISA) causes shifts in math scores that were fully accounted for in the 2025 norms and the dashboard
• The entrance-age achievement association appears in the first months of kindergarten and declines sharply in subsequent years - The entrance-age achievement association appears in the first months of kindergarten and declines sharply in subsequent years
• The entrance-age achievement association is especially pronounced among children from upper-income families - The entrance-age achievement association is especially pronounced among children from upper-income families
• The environment produced 482 memory-recorded output-proxy events (5.02 per active day) across 10 artifact-surface categories spanning research, teaching, software, content, and operations - The environment produced 482 memory-recorded output-proxy events (5.02 per active day) across 10 artifact-surface categories spanning research, teaching, software, content, and operations
• The EPIC evaluation baseline report compares student characteristics across the program's three partners and compares award-determination data with data on all students in the awarded schools - The EPIC evaluation baseline report compares student characteristics across the program's three partners and compares award-determination data with data on all students in the awarded schools
• The EPIC project applied a set of methods to identify effective schools and teachers across a multi-state charter school consortium in its second year. - The EPIC project applied a set of methods to identify effective schools and teachers across a multi-state charter school consortium in its second year.
• The episodic buffer integrates multimodal representations from WM components and long-term memory, which is important for learning - The episodic buffer integrates multimodal representations from WM components and long-term memory, which is important for learning
• The equal-group tests showed high test-retest and between-group correlations, supporting the reliability of the arithmetical-reasoning marking method. - The equal-group tests showed high test-retest and between-group correlations, supporting the reliability of the arithmetical-reasoning marking method.
• The equalizing effect of AI assistance operates through both content and writing subcomponents, with incomplete convergence in each - The equalizing effect of AI assistance operates through both content and writing subcomponents, with incomplete convergence in each
• The ESDM's unidirectional trait-ACH-to-trait-ASC path is not empirically identified, and the confounder-based RI-LTVC alternative shows poor fit with no support for a time-varying confounder - The ESDM's unidirectional trait-ACH-to-trait-ASC path is not empirically identified, and the confounder-based RI-LTVC alternative shows poor fit with no support for a time-varying confounder
• The ESL curriculum within Bangladesh's CLT framework overlooks explicit pronunciation instruction, ignoring speaking and listening skills - The ESL curriculum within Bangladesh's CLT framework overlooks explicit pronunciation instruction, ignoring speaking and listening skills
• The essay identifies five pressing issues for future CCC research (theoretical agenda) - The essay identifies five pressing issues for future CCC research (theoretical agenda)
• The estimated KIPP middle school impacts are substantial relative to nationwide racial disparities in college enrollment - The estimated KIPP middle school impacts are substantial relative to nationwide racial disparities in college enrollment
• The estimated net cost of the Universal ESA expansion is $242.7 million in 2022–23, rising to $295.2 million in 2023–24 - The estimated net cost of the Universal ESA expansion is $242.7 million in 2022–23, rising to $295.2 million in 2023–24
• The estimated online-course effects are local to students with access to both online and in-person options - The estimated online-course effects are local to students with access to both online and in-person options
• The EU AI Act's ban on emotion recognition in education restricts an area of potential application for learning analytics - The EU AI Act's ban on emotion recognition in education restricts an area of potential application for learning analytics
• The EU and China have adopted the most comprehensive AI regulations, each covering four of the five OECD classification dimensions - The EU and China have adopted the most comprehensive AI regulations, each covering four of the five OECD classification dimensions
• The evaluation also examines rates of credit accumulation for recent enrollees of Philadelphia's accelerated schools - The evaluation also examines rates of credit accumulation for recent enrollees of Philadelphia's accelerated schools
• The evaluation assesses SMDEP impacts on college graduation and medical or dental school matriculation using propensity score matching - The evaluation assesses SMDEP impacts on college graduation and medical or dental school matriculation using propensity score matching
• The evaluation covers 43 KIPP middle schools across 13 states and the District of Columbia and is the most rigorous large-scale evaluation of KIPP charters to date - The evaluation covers 43 KIPP middle schools across 13 states and the District of Columbia and is the most rigorous large-scale evaluation of KIPP charters to date
• The evaluation examined charter school effects by years of operation, grades served, mission, and demographics, plus student composition and turnover - The evaluation examined charter school effects by years of operation, grades served, mission, and demographics, plus student composition and turnover
• The evaluation has not yet rigorously examined whether the magnet schools reduce, eliminate, or prevent minority group isolation; this is deferred to the final report - The evaluation has not yet rigorously examined whether the magnet schools reduce, eliminate, or prevent minority group isolation; this is deferred to the final report
• The evaluation used a school-level cluster-randomized quasi-experiment (N = 50) that was powered only to detect large effects (d = 0.81) - The evaluation used a school-level cluster-randomized quasi-experiment (N = 50) that was powered only to detect large effects (d = 0.81)
• The evidence base does not yet provide a menu of program options for helping students at risk of dropping out, and program developers need a way to identify approaches while stronger scientific evidence is developed - The evidence base does not yet provide a menu of program options for helping students at risk of dropping out, and program developers need a way to identify approaches while stronger scientific eviden
• The evidence base for Accelerated Reader with adolescent learners is thin: only 2 of 318 reviewed studies met WWC standards - The evidence base for Accelerated Reader with adolescent learners is thin: only 2 of 318 reviewed studies met WWC standards
• The evidence base for ASAP rests on two randomized controlled trials meeting WWC standards without reservations, out of eight identified studies - The evidence base for ASAP rests on two randomized controlled trials meeting WWC standards without reservations, out of eight identified studies
• The evidence base for Building Blocks for Math is small and limited to the math domain - The evidence base for Building Blocks for Math is small and limited to the math domain
• The evidence base for Career Academies in dropout prevention rests on a single randomized controlled trial in which students were randomly assigned to academy enrollment, a waitlist, or a comparison group across nine sites. - The evidence base for Career Academies in dropout prevention rests on a single randomized controlled trial in which students were randomly assigned to academy enrollment, a waitlist, or a comparison g
• The evidence base for Core-Plus Mathematics is small: of 17 reviewed studies, only one met WWC standards (with reservations) and 16 did not meet standards or screens - The evidence base for Core-Plus Mathematics is small: of 17 reviewed studies, only one met WWC standards (with reservations) and 16 did not meet standards or screens
• The evidence base for Corrective Reading in grades K–3 is small: one of 25 reviewed studies met WWC standards, and no studies addressed general reading achievement - The evidence base for Corrective Reading in grades K–3 is small: one of 25 reviewed studies met WWC standards, and no studies addressed general reading achievement
• The evidence base for CWPT in beginning reading is small, with no standards-meeting studies of alphabetics, fluency, or comprehension - The evidence base for CWPT in beginning reading is small, with no standards-meeting studies of alphabetics, fluency, or comprehension
• The evidence base for dialogic reading with children with disabilities is small, with no qualifying studies in six other outcome domains - The evidence base for dialogic reading with children with disabilities is small, with no qualifying studies in six other outcome domains
• The evidence base for EIR® is small: only one of seven reviewed studies met WWC evidence standards - The evidence base for EIR® is small: only one of seven reviewed studies met WWC evidence standards
• The evidence base for estimating TFA's effects on student academic outcomes reduces to just four studies - The evidence base for estimating TFA's effects on student academic outcomes reduces to just four studies
• The evidence base for Everyday Mathematics® on primary mathematics achievement is small: one study of 3,436 students met WWC standards, and 33 of 34 eligible studies did not meet group design standards - The evidence base for Everyday Mathematics® on primary mathematics achievement is small: one study of 3,436 students met WWC standards, and 33 of 34 eligible studies did not meet group design standard
• The evidence base for Facing History and Ourselves is limited: only one of eight reviewed studies met WWC evidence standards, and it used a quasi-experimental rather than randomized design - The evidence base for Facing History and Ourselves is limited: only one of eight reviewed studies met WWC evidence standards, and it used a quasi-experimental rather than randomized design
• The evidence base for Fluency Formula™ consists of a single small randomized controlled trial, with no studies addressing alphabetics or general reading achievement - The evidence base for Fluency Formula™ consists of a single small randomized controlled trial, with no studies addressing alphabetics or general reading achievement
• The evidence base for Head Start's school-readiness effects is small: only one of 40 eligible studies met WWC group design standards - The evidence base for Head Start's school-readiness effects is small: only one of 40 eligible studies met WWC group design standards
• The evidence base for Headsprout Early Reading is limited to one small RCT, supporting only a potentially positive rating - The evidence base for Headsprout Early Reading is limited to one small RCT, supporting only a potentially positive rating
• The evidence base for LiPS with students with learning disabilities is small: one RCT met WWC standards out of 31 reviewed studies - The evidence base for LiPS with students with learning disabilities is small: one RCT met WWC standards out of 31 reviewed studies
• The evidence base for Little Books is small: only one study met WWC standards, addressing only general reading achievement, with no studies meeting standards for alphabetics, fluency, or comprehension - The evidence base for Little Books is small: only one study met WWC standards, addressing only general reading achievement, with no studies meeting standards for alphabetics, fluency, or comprehension
• The evidence base for New Chance is a single randomized controlled trial of 2,322 women across 16 sites, rated small in extent - The evidence base for New Chance is a single randomized controlled trial of 2,322 women across 16 sites, rated small in extent
• The evidence base for Odyssey® Math's mathematics achievement effects is rated medium to large, based on three studies of 2,768 students in 41 schools - The evidence base for Odyssey® Math's mathematics achievement effects is rated medium to large, based on three studies of 2,768 students in 41 schools
• The evidence base for offering a college-ready curriculum is rated low, with mixed findings on rigorous curricula and positive findings on AP course taking - The evidence base for offering a college-ready curriculum is rated low, with mixed findings on rigorous curricula and positive findings on AP course taking
• The evidence base for Open Court Reading© is thin: of 185 identified studies, only two met WWC group design standards, and none met standards for alphabetics or reading fluency - The evidence base for Open Court Reading© is thin: of 185 identified studies, only two met WWC group design standards, and none met standards for alphabetics or reading fluency
• The evidence base for PALS in the Adolescent Literacy review rests on a single randomized trial of 120 students across 12 schools, rated as meeting standards with reservations - The evidence base for PALS in the Adolescent Literacy review rests on a single randomized trial of 120 students across 12 schools, rated as meeting standards with reservations
• The evidence base for Read Naturally® with students with learning disabilities is small: one qualifying RCT of 20 students, with 42 of 43 reviewed studies excluded - The evidence base for Read Naturally® with students with learning disabilities is small: one qualifying RCT of 20 students, with 42 of 43 reviewed studies excluded
• The evidence base for Read Well® with English language learners is small, resting on one randomized controlled trial of 34 students in one school - The evidence base for Read Well® with English language learners is small, resting on one randomized controlled trial of 34 students in one school
• The evidence base for Read, Write & Type!™ is a single small-extent randomized trial, limiting confidence in the effectiveness ratings - The evidence base for Read, Write & Type!™ is a single small-extent randomized trial, limiting confidence in the effectiveness ratings
• The evidence base for Reading Mastery with adolescent learners is small: only 2 of 175 reviewed studies met WWC evidence standards - The evidence base for Reading Mastery with adolescent learners is small: only 2 of 175 reviewed studies met WWC evidence standards
• The evidence base for school mindfulness interventions is heterogeneous and many studies are underpowered - The evidence base for school mindfulness interventions is heterogeneous and many studies are underpowered
• The evidence base for school mindfulness interventions is promising but too variable for definitive practice recommendations - The evidence base for school mindfulness interventions is promising but too variable for definitive practice recommendations
• The evidence base for SMART® is a single small-extent RCT, capping the intervention rating at potentially positive effects - The evidence base for SMART® is a single small-extent RCT, capping the intervention rating at potentially positive effects
• The evidence base for Sound Partners is medium to large for alphabetics, fluency, and comprehension and small for general reading achievement - The evidence base for Sound Partners is medium to large for alphabetics, fluency, and comprehension and small for general reading achievement
• The evidence base for summer bridge programs on postsecondary outcomes is small: only one of 31 eligible studies met WWC group design standards - The evidence base for summer bridge programs on postsecondary outcomes is small: only one of 31 eligible studies met WWC group design standards
• The evidence base for the Lovaas Model is small: only two of 58 reviewed studies met WWC evidence standards - The evidence base for the Lovaas Model is small: only two of 58 reviewed studies met WWC evidence standards
• The evidence base for the program is a single RCT of 3,074 randomly assigned youth, with 1,196 in the follow-up analysis sample, and the WWC rates the extent of evidence as small - The evidence base for the program is a single RCT of 3,074 randomly assigned youth, with 1,196 in the follow-up analysis sample, and the WWC rates the extent of evidence as small
• The evidence base for the Wilson Reading System in beginning reading is small, with no studies addressing general reading achievement - The evidence base for the Wilson Reading System in beginning reading is small, with no studies addressing general reading achievement
• The evidence base for Twelve Together is a single randomized controlled trial that met WWC standards only with reservations due to differential attrition - The evidence base for Twelve Together is a single randomized controlled trial that met WWC standards only with reservations due to differential attrition
• The evidence base for UCSMP is small, with no studies meeting WWC group design standards without reservations - The evidence base for UCSMP is small, with no studies meeting WWC group design standards without reservations
• The evidence base for Waterford Early Reading Program™ is thin: only one of 36 reviewed studies met WWC evidence standards, and extent of evidence was rated small for both domains - The evidence base for Waterford Early Reading Program™ is thin: only one of 36 reviewed studies met WWC evidence standards, and extent of evidence was rated small for both domains
• The evidence base is dominated by US studies and quantitative designs, with sample sizes ranging from one teacher to 53 schools and 1,323 teachers - The evidence base is dominated by US studies and quantitative designs, with sample sizes ranging from one teacher to 53 schools and 1,323 teachers
• The evidence base on caregiver interactive skills is fragmented: 57% of identified factors were examined in only one study - The evidence base on caregiver interactive skills is fragmented: 57% of identified factors were examined in only one study
• The evidence base on dialogic leadership is entirely qualitative, with the majority (n = 17, 63%) of studies being case studies - The evidence base on dialogic leadership is entirely qualitative, with the majority (n = 17, 63%) of studies being case studies
• The evidence base on dual language programs is thin: only two of 122 identified studies met WWC standards - The evidence base on dual language programs is thin: only two of 122 identified studies met WWC standards
• The evidence base on inclusion effects is methodologically weak: no randomised studies and nearly all synthesised studies at serious risk of bias - The evidence base on inclusion effects is methodologically weak: no randomised studies and nearly all synthesised studies at serious risk of bias
• The evidence map reveals gaps: little is known about motivation regulation in pre- and primary school children, its development across school years, and its contextual characteristics - The evidence map reveals gaps: little is known about motivation regulation in pre- and primary school children, its development across school years, and its contextual characteristics
• The evidence supporting curricular interventions to promote reflection in health professional education remains largely theoretical - The evidence supporting curricular interventions to promote reflection in health professional education remains largely theoretical
• The evolutionary analogy for a smaller working memory being more efficient is doubtful - The evolutionary analogy for a smaller working memory being more efficient is doubtful
• The exam playbook intervention showed no statistically significant treatment-effect differences by gender, race, class standing, or prior performance - The exam playbook intervention showed no statistically significant treatment-effect differences by gender, race, class standing, or prior performance
• The example-based course increased perceived competence, but neither the course nor the assistant had a significant effect on perceived choice or pressure - The example-based course increased perceived competence, but neither the course nor the assistant had a significant effect on perceived choice or pressure
• The Excel sheet's knower-level estimates agree with a 2:1 heuristic on 38 of 56 children and are more lenient for larger set sizes - The Excel sheet's knower-level estimates agree with a 2:1 heuristic on 38 of 56 children and are more lenient for larger set sizes
• The Excel sheet's knower-level inference closely matches fully Bayesian inference, with no discrepancies in posterior maxima - The Excel sheet's knower-level inference closely matches fully Bayesian inference, with no discrepancies in posterior maxima
• The Experience Corps program was found to be a low burden to teachers - The Experience Corps program was found to be a low burden to teachers
• The experience of disgust per se does not affect the trajectory of working memory performance in either young or older adults - The experience of disgust per se does not affect the trajectory of working memory performance in either young or older adults
• The experiential group showed a delayed, continued within-group increase in regulation of cognition that the instructional group did not show - The experiential group showed a delayed, continued within-group increase in regulation of cognition that the instructional group did not show
• The experiment demonstrated an expertise reversal effect: high guidance via worked examples was redundant for more knowledgeable Year 11 learners - The experiment demonstrated an expertise reversal effect: high guidance via worked examples was redundant for more knowledgeable Year 11 learners
• The experiment did not confirm that speed increase carries increased reading effectiveness within the same individual - The experiment did not confirm that speed increase carries increased reading effectiveness within the same individual
• The experimental group answered achievement tests faster (6.18 minutes) than the control group (7.51 minutes) - The experimental group answered achievement tests faster (6.18 minutes) than the control group (7.51 minutes)
• The experimental manipulation succeeded: most participants reported overchallenge during difficult tasks and underchallenge during easy tasks - The experimental manipulation succeeded: most participants reported overchallenge during difficult tasks and underchallenge during easy tasks
• The Expert Mathematician shows a positive but not statistically significant effect on middle school math achievement (effect size 0.35, improvement index +14 percentile points) - The Expert Mathematician shows a positive but not statistically significant effect on middle school math achievement (effect size 0.35, improvement index +14 percentile points)
• The expert-presenter model is the most prevalent staff development model, with most activities brief - The expert-presenter model is the most prevalent staff development model, with most activities brief
• The expertise reversal effect reflects the strength of experts' knowledge base resisting redundant external information, and a motivation-related form is predicted - The expertise reversal effect reflects the strength of experts' knowledge base resisting redundant external information, and a motivation-related form is predicted
• The expertise reversal effect relies on changes in relative levels of element interactivity due to changes in relative levels of expertise - The expertise reversal effect relies on changes in relative levels of element interactivity due to changes in relative levels of expertise
• The explainable feature-based model with LLM-extracted features outperforms the closed-track encoder baseline by a wide margin - The explainable feature-based model with LLM-extracted features outperforms the closed-track encoder baseline by a wide margin
• The exploration advantage in semantic search is interpreted as context-dependent, potentially beneficial in sparsely distributed target environments - The exploration advantage in semantic search is interpreted as context-dependent, potentially beneficial in sparsely distributed target environments
• The exploratory analyses provided first evidence that social comparison orientation interacts with (alleged) model competence regarding EMME effectiveness. - The exploratory analyses provided first evidence that social comparison orientation interacts with (alleged) model competence regarding EMME effectiveness.
• The exponential functional form of the BKT Markov chain calls into question the popular practice of fitting that model form to student data - The exponential functional form of the BKT Markov chain calls into question the popular practice of fitting that model form to student data
• The extended REM was robust to several alternative modeling specifications proposed by Sorjonen et al. - The extended REM was robust to several alternative modeling specifications proposed by Sorjonen et al.
• The extent of evidence for Fast ForWord is small for alphabetics and reading fluency and medium to large for comprehension and general literacy achievement - The extent of evidence for Fast ForWord is small for alphabetics and reading fluency and medium to large for comprehension and general literacy achievement
• The extent of evidence for Reading Plus® on adolescent learners is small, resting on a single study that met WWC standards with reservations - The extent of evidence for Reading Plus® on adolescent learners is small, resting on a single study that met WWC standards with reservations
• The facilitator builds the shared account by shifting between narrator, mentor, and monitor roles and consolidating group consensus - The facilitator builds the shared account by shifting between narrator, mentor, and monitor roles and consolidating group consensus
• The FACTRIA-aware chatbot received good usability ratings (SUS 70.84) and high usefulness ratings from most of the 11 stakeholders - The FACTRIA-aware chatbot received good usability ratings (SUS 70.84) and high usefulness ratings from most of the 11 stakeholders
• The fairest single index of form-board psycho-motor efficiency is the best record in three trials - The fairest single index of form-board psycho-motor efficiency is the best record in three trials
• The false feedback manipulation successfully altered performance beliefs: the high-PFB group rated their performance higher relative to age peers than the low-PFB group - The false feedback manipulation successfully altered performance beliefs: the high-PFB group rated their performance higher relative to age peers than the low-PFB group
• The fan-produced Omnifam ARG centred on extending the Alias backstory through the Rambaldi mythology while staying faithful to the fictional universe - The fan-produced Omnifam ARG centred on extending the Alias backstory through the Rambaldi mythology while staying faithful to the fictional universe
• The fastest handwriting style, back-hand, shows the largest percentage of cases written with free hand movement - The fastest handwriting style, back-hand, shows the largest percentage of cases written with free hand movement
• The FastFit classifier slightly outperforms GPT-4 used directly under the same closed-label prompt on the same gold set (0.800 vs. 0.786 accuracy) - The FastFit classifier slightly outperforms GPT-4 used directly under the same closed-label prompt on the same gold set (0.800 vs.
• The feedback research field may already be experiencing a paradigm shift that five further steps could solidify - The feedback research field may already be experiencing a paradigm shift that five further steps could solidify
• The FES-to-EI path is significant for Mexico-born and mixed-nativity families but not for U.S.-born families - The FES-to-EI path is significant for Mexico-born and mixed-nativity families but not for U.S.-born families
• The few studies of student outcomes suggest residency graduates perform as well as or better than other novice teachers on student outcome measures - The few studies of student outcomes suggest residency graduates perform as well as or better than other novice teachers on student outcome measures
• The FFL shows good internal consistency across its full scale and its four categories of leadership practices - The FFL shows good internal consistency across its full scale and its four categories of leadership practices
• The field moved toward step-based problem solving and increased support for collaboration, while focusing on domain-level knowledge - The field moved toward step-based problem solving and increased support for collaboration, while focusing on domain-level knowledge
• The field uses 77 unique established engagement measures, yet more than one-third of studies rely on unestablished author-created measures - The field uses 77 unique established engagement measures, yet more than one-third of studies rely on unestablished author-created measures
• The field's greatest need is an extensive experimental and critical study of the relative diagnostic value of available individual tests, followed by establishment of norms - The field's greatest need is an extensive experimental and critical study of the relative diagnostic value of available individual tests, followed by establishment of norms
• The FiMS–GMS difference is larger for intelligence than for executive functions, where both motor skills show similar moderate links - The FiMS–GMS difference is larger for intelligence than for executive functions, where both motor skills show similar moderate links
• The final episode of wiki collaborative writing is characterised by a disputational orientation, possibly driven by time pressure to finish the text - The final episode of wiki collaborative writing is characterised by a disputational orientation, possibly driven by time pressure to finish the text
• The final spring 2015 parent-survey pilot collected 253 parent responses across seven school-based and nine center-based Chicago preschool sites, in English and Spanish - The final spring 2015 parent-survey pilot collected 253 parent responses across seven school-based and nine center-based Chicago preschool sites, in English and Spanish
• The final-e rule was too complex for most writers, gaining a slender advantage in the university group that it more than lost in the academy - The final-e rule was too complex for most writers, gaining a slender advantage in the university group that it more than lost in the academy
• The final-y rule showed a 3 per cent advantage in the university group but lost an equal amount with the academy students - The final-y rule showed a 3 per cent advantage in the university group but lost an equal amount with the academy students
• The finding that single-discipline course takers perform as well as peers despite instruction-assessment mismatch runs counter to prevailing alignment assumptions - The finding that single-discipline course takers perform as well as peers despite instruction-assessment mismatch runs counter to prevailing alignment assumptions
• The findings come from Mathematica's multiyear study of KIPP middle schools conducted for Arnold Ventures - The findings come from Mathematica's multiyear study of KIPP middle schools conducted for Arnold Ventures
• The findings contradict claims that alternative teacher preparation programs such as Teach For America harm students - The findings contradict claims that alternative teacher preparation programs such as Teach For America harm students
• The fine-tuned BERT model generalizes to an external dataset collected by a different research team, maintaining almost perfect agreement with human coders - The fine-tuned BERT model generalizes to an external dataset collected by a different research team, maintaining almost perfect agreement with human coders
• The fine-tuned BERT model's classification performance is consistent across stereotype-threatened and non-threatened students and other demographic subgroups - The fine-tuned BERT model's classification performance is consistent across stereotype-threatened and non-threatened students and other demographic subgroups
• The fine-tuned chatbot LlamaLo extensively expanded the user's dialogic space through deepening and widening acts across ten contentious-topic discussions - The fine-tuned chatbot LlamaLo extensively expanded the user's dialogic space through deepening and widening acts across ten contentious-topic discussions
• The first four Terman vocabulary words appear in the same order for the kindergarten and IB subgroup as for the IA children, and the first 13 words for the two groups are the same words though in different order. - The first four Terman vocabulary words appear in the same order for the kindergarten and IB subgroup as for the IA children, and the first 13 words for the two groups are the same words though in diff
• The first impression of complexity best predicts the overall post-learning cognitive load assessment, indicating a primacy effect in learning contexts - The first impression of complexity best predicts the overall post-learning cognitive load assessment, indicating a primacy effect in learning contexts
• The first letter of the child's name was the only letter-level factor consistently associated with correct letter writing - The first letter of the child's name was the only letter-level factor consistently associated with correct letter writing
• The first phase of medical expertise development is accumulation of causal knowledge about disease and its consequences - The first phase of medical expertise development is accumulation of causal knowledge about disease and its consequences
• The first release of New York's Common Core exam results was widely misread as showing dramatic declines in student achievement - The first release of New York's Common Core exam results was widely misread as showing dramatic declines in student achievement
• The first two semester course failures in ninth grade are associated with a 30 percentage point decrease in the probability of graduating - The first two semester course failures in ninth grade are associated with a 30 percentage point decrease in the probability of graduating
• The first-year APS Turnaround Strategy evaluation reports implementation and impact findings focused on High Impact Tutoring and PBS operation of Thomasville Heights Elementary - The first-year APS Turnaround Strategy evaluation reports implementation and impact findings focused on High Impact Tutoring and PBS operation of Thomasville Heights Elementary
• The first-year effect of the EITP pilot on school-level math achievement (0.05 SD) was not statistically significant - The first-year effect of the EITP pilot on school-level math achievement (0.05 SD) was not statistically significant
• The Fisher Fellowship selection instrument is reliable, though three of 34 items had relatively low levels of one type of reliability - The Fisher Fellowship selection instrument is reliable, though three of 34 items had relatively low levels of one type of reliability
• The five career pathways recommendations are supported by 21 studies with participant samples ranging from 124 to 42,984 students - The five career pathways recommendations are supported by 21 studies with participant samples ranging from 124 to 42,984 students
• The five case study states hold LEA and non-LEA providers to consistent quality standards, including class size of 20 or less and 1:10 ratios - The five case study states hold LEA and non-LEA providers to consistent quality standards, including class size of 20 or less and 1:10 ratios
• The five essential supports matter in combination: strength on clusters of supports, not isolated domains, predicts improvement - The five essential supports matter in combination: strength on clusters of supports, not isolated domains, predicts improvement
• The five essential supports reinforce each other and depend on a school environment infused with mutual trust - The five essential supports reinforce each other and depend on a school environment infused with mutual trust
• The five MUSIC model motivational climate components are positively related to students' engagement, domain identification, course ratings, and achievement, per a recent meta-analysis - The five MUSIC model motivational climate components are positively related to students' engagement, domain identification, course ratings, and achievement, per a recent meta-analysis
• The five mutual-modelling experiments varied how important it was to build an accurate model (task) and how difficult it was to build one (setting) - The five mutual-modelling experiments varied how important it was to build an accurate model (task) and how difficult it was to build one (setting)
• The five well-being measures form a robust unidimensional structure replicating across both studies - The five well-being measures form a robust unidimensional structure replicating across both studies
• The five-dimension structure and scale were validated with 308 graduate students, showing acceptable reliability and validity - The five-dimension structure and scale were validated with 308 graduate students, showing acceptable reliability and validity
• The five-dimensional student model achieved metric but not scalar measurement invariance across the seven countries, permitting association comparisons but not latent mean comparisons - The five-dimensional student model achieved metric but not scalar measurement invariance across the seven countries, permitting association comparisons but not latent mean comparisons
• The five-year dropout rate for the first cohort fully subject to the CPS promotion policy (1995) continued the slight downward trend, but pre-age-18 patterns do not clearly indicate a change - The five-year dropout rate for the first cohort fully subject to the CPS promotion policy (1995) continued the slight downward trend, but pre-age-18 patterns do not clearly indicate a change
• The Fluspeak ASR-based pronunciation software gave good results with beginners focusing on phoneme production but poor results overall for advanced learners seeking fluency - The Fluspeak ASR-based pronunciation software gave good results with beginners focusing on phoneme production but poor results overall for advanced learners seeking fluency
• The focus of attention factor was the only significant predictor of both fluid reasoning and visual processing intelligence when all three working memory factors were entered - The focus of attention factor was the only significant predictor of both fluid reasoning and visual processing intelligence when all three working memory factors were entered
• The focus of teacher-student interactions differed by AI positioning: learning for partners, score-increasing for assistants, completion for substitutes - The focus of teacher-student interactions differed by AI positioning: learning for partners, score-increasing for assistants, completion for substitutes
• The focus-on-students effect was not robust: significant in the ANOVA but not in non-parametric tests - The focus-on-students effect was not robust: significant in the ANOVA but not in non-parametric tests
• The foresight bias has behavioral consequences: learners allocate similar study time to backward and forward pairs despite markedly lower recall for backward pairs - The foresight bias has behavioral consequences: learners allocate similar study time to backward and forward pairs despite markedly lower recall for backward pairs
• The form of moment-by-moment learning curves depends on problem difficulty: immediate drops concentrate on easy problems, while spike forms become more frequent as difficulty increases. - The form of moment-by-moment learning curves depends on problem difficulty: immediate drops concentrate on easy problems, while spike forms become more frequent as difficulty increases.
• The format of a representational tool shapes the amount and type of historical reasoning - The format of a representational tool shapes the amount and type of historical reasoning
• The format of detailed disclosure (detailed text versus icon-based nutrition label) makes no difference to students' confidence about data collection - The format of detailed disclosure (detailed text versus icon-based nutrition label) makes no difference to students' confidence about data collection
• The formative-assessment-embedded group retained higher NOS and SK scores than the control group on a retention test four weeks after the intervention - The formative-assessment-embedded group retained higher NOS and SK scores than the control group on a retention test four weeks after the intervention
• The forum addressed modeling of school openings, closings, and learning loss during COVID-19 - The forum addressed modeling of school openings, closings, and learning loss during COVID-19
• The four acceptance profiles differ substantially in behavioral intention to use ChatGPT - The four acceptance profiles differ substantially in behavioral intention to use ChatGPT
• The four achievement goal profiles differ significantly in all four dimensions of writing self-efficacy - The four achievement goal profiles differ significantly in all four dimensions of writing self-efficacy
• The four achievement goal profiles differ significantly in use of motivation regulation strategies (interest enhancement, motivational self-talk, emotional control) - The four achievement goal profiles differ significantly in use of motivation regulation strategies (interest enhancement, motivational self-talk, emotional control)
• The four aggregated non-hybrid training groups did not differ on the dependent variables of the analyses - The four aggregated non-hybrid training groups did not differ on the dependent variables of the analyses
• The four analytic approaches differ systematically in study contexts and designs - The four analytic approaches differ systematically in study contexts and designs
• The four collaborative-activity factors jointly explain almost 50% of the variance in group performance - The four collaborative-activity factors jointly explain almost 50% of the variance in group performance
• The four exam subjects differed in perceived task difficulty, cognitive load, and strategy use, with Mathematics and the profile subject rated more difficult than English - The four exam subjects differed in perceived task difficulty, cognitive load, and strategy use, with Mathematics and the profile subject rated more difficult than English
• The four exam-performance quartile groups differed significantly on first-unit exam scores, validating the grouping used for behavioral comparisons - The four exam-performance quartile groups differed significantly on first-unit exam scores, validating the grouping used for behavioral comparisons
• The four grading recipes exhibit an accuracy-cost tradeoff, with the most accurate recipe costing roughly five times the balanced alternative - The four grading recipes exhibit an accuracy-cost tradeoff, with the most accurate recipe costing roughly five times the balanced alternative
• The four lessons rated highest on both student explanations and agency, authority, and identity featured Math Talks, but their strongest features often ended when the Math Talks did - The four lessons rated highest on both student explanations and agency, authority, and identity featured Math Talks, but their strongest features often ended when the Math Talks did
• The four Power4Kids interventions delivered about 100 hours of pull-out instruction in small groups of three students over one school year - The four Power4Kids interventions delivered about 100 hours of pull-out instruction in small groups of three students over one school year
• The four profiles differ in academic self-efficacy, time/study management, and effort regulation, with HL highest, but not in help seeking - The four profiles differ in academic self-efficacy, time/study management, and effort regulation, with HL highest, but not in help seeking
• The four rationales differ along two dimensions: the network's functional role (independent vs. dependent variable) and its ontological stance (active vs. passive) - The four rationales differ along two dimensions: the network's functional role (independent vs.
• The four reading interventions did not improve state assessment (PSSA) scores; for fifth graders they lowered reading and mathematics scores - The four reading interventions did not improve state assessment (PSSA) scores; for fifth graders they lowered reading and mathematics scores
• The four SEB profiles replicate in an independent 2009 kindergarten cohort (n = 52,661) - The four SEB profiles replicate in an independent 2009 kindergarten cohort (n = 52,661)
• The four Special Issue learning communities mediated members toward consensus, with no reports of longstanding dissent - The four Special Issue learning communities mediated members toward consensus, with no reports of longstanding dissent
• The four supplemental reading comprehension curricula had no statistically significant impacts on students one year after the end of their implementation (Cohort 1 follow-up in sixth grade). - The four supplemental reading comprehension curricula had no statistically significant impacts on students one year after the end of their implementation (Cohort 1 follow-up in sixth grade).
• The four-dimension typology mapped well onto prompt labels, with function labels most frequent and three new presentation subcategories added - The four-dimension typology mapped well onto prompt labels, with function labels most frequent and three new presentation subcategories added
• The four-dimensional subjective-experience ratings are validated against classic insight and analytic problems, with Intuition and Suddenness differentiating the problem categories - The four-dimensional subjective-experience ratings are validated against classic insight and analytic problems, with Intuition and Suddenness differentiating the problem categories
• The four-predictor model explains approximately 55.4% of variance in teachers' AI integration ability - The four-predictor model explains approximately 55.4% of variance in teachers' AI integration ability
• The four-way interaction between cue, group, display type and difficulty was significant, with group differences largest for uncued crowded stimuli - The four-way interaction between cue, group, display type and difficulty was significant, with group differences largest for uncued crowded stimuli
• The four-year college STEM major advantage of inclusive STEM high schools holds for Hispanic, female, and economically disadvantaged students, with odds ratios above three - The four-year college STEM major advantage of inclusive STEM high schools holds for Hispanic, female, and economically disadvantaged students, with odds ratios above three
• The four-year CPS high school graduation rate rose from 62.3 percent for the 2008 cohort to an all-time high of 83.2 percent for the 2020 cohort - The four-year CPS high school graduation rate rose from 62.3 percent for the 2008 cohort to an all-time high of 83.2 percent for the 2020 cohort
• The fraction of women enrolling in mathematics degree programs in the UK and the Netherlands has remained constant despite rising female participation in higher education - The fraction of women enrolling in mathematics degree programs in the UK and the Netherlands has remained constant despite rising female participation in higher education
• The framework generalizes under automatically generated Q-matrices without requiring expert annotation - The framework generalizes under automatically generated Q-matrices without requiring expert annotation
• The framework is robust to 15% ASR transcription noise and retains 99.6% of its ICS under zero-shot cross-domain transfer to EdNet-Math - The framework is robust to 15% ASR transcription noise and retains 99.6% of its ICS under zero-shot cross-domain transfer to EdNet-Math
• The framework offers a scalable alternative to manual curation, but the small dataset and label dependence limit current conclusions - The framework offers a scalable alternative to manual curation, but the small dataset and label dependence limit current conclusions
• The framework scales gracefully: MAE degrades by less than 2% from 10K to 100K EdNet interactions with near-linear processing time - The framework scales gracefully: MAE degrades by less than 2% from 10K to 100K EdNet interactions with near-linear processing time
• The framework shows high scoring consistency, with 79% agreement and 81% inter-rater reliability on physics questions - The framework shows high scoring consistency, with 79% agreement and 81% inter-rater reliability on physics questions
• The framework treats systems thinking and computational thinking as co-equal, separate entities within the context of modeling - The framework treats systems thinking and computational thinking as co-equal, separate entities within the context of modeling
• The framework's broader relevance rests on a shared learning structure of embodied skill, expert feedback, and self-monitoring, not direct equivalence across domains - The framework's broader relevance rests on a shared learning structure of embodied skill, expert feedback, and self-monitoring, not direct equivalence across domains
• The framework's first Goal I program goal is helping students understand interdisciplinary concepts through studies of human experience, with the remaining goals implicit in the illustrative objectives - The framework's first Goal I program goal is helping students understand interdisciplinary concepts through studies of human experience, with the remaining goals implicit in the illustrative objective
• The framework's literature review reports students' academic mindsets, learning strategies, perseverance, and behaviors were clearly and significantly related to school performance - The framework's literature review reports students' academic mindsets, learning strategies, perseverance, and behaviors were clearly and significantly related to school performance
• The framework's recommendations were derived from a research and practices review plus 59 expert interviews - The framework's recommendations were derived from a research and practices review plus 59 expert interviews
• The framework's validation is limited: structure and parameterisation were tested only on a small dataset and only for predictive accuracy - The framework's validation is limited: structure and parameterisation were tested only on a small dataset and only for predictive accuracy
• The Frechtling, Zhang, and Silverstein (2006) study showed a substantively important positive average alphabetics effect, while Hecht (2003) did not - The Frechtling, Zhang, and Silverstein (2006) study showed a substantively important positive average alphabetics effect, while Hecht (2003) did not
• The frequency of associations produced during think-aloud reading predicts sentence reading times during silent reading - The frequency of associations produced during think-aloud reading predicts sentence reading times during silent reading
• The frequency of oral corrective feedback differs across instructional contexts - The frequency of oral corrective feedback differs across instructional contexts
• The frequentist graphical LASSO has difficulty estimating centrality indices and uncertainty in these measures in symptom networks - The frequentist graphical LASSO has difficulty estimating centrality indices and uncertainty in these measures in symptom networks
• The freshman on-track indicator predicts five-year graduation equally or more strongly for students with learning disabilities, mild cognitive disabilities or emotional disturbances than for students without disabilities, with on-track students two to six times more likely to graduate - The freshman on-track indicator predicts five-year graduation equally or more strongly for students with learning disabilities, mild cognitive disabilities or emotional disturbances than for students
• The Freshman OnTrack indicator is more predictive of graduation than eighth-grade test scores, SES, race/ethnicity, gender, and school mobility combined, and raising it raises graduation rates - The Freshman OnTrack indicator is more predictive of graduation than eighth-grade test scores, SES, race/ethnicity, gender, and school mobility combined, and raising it raises graduation rates
• The Friday Institute used micro-credential stacks to close the implementation gap left by MOOC-Ed content at scale - The Friday Institute used micro-credential stacks to close the implementation gap left by MOOC-Ed content at scale
• The frozen BETO-2019 design and the modern e5-base encoder are numerically close on Spanish, with no descriptive separation on either task - The frozen BETO-2019 design and the modern e5-base encoder are numerically close on Spanish, with no descriptive separation on either task
• The full 32-item computing career intentions survey shows very good internal consistency (alpha = 0.94) in a large-scale field test - The full 32-item computing career intentions survey shows very good internal consistency (alpha = 0.94) in a large-scale field test
• The full FFL showed good internal consistency for both principals and assistant principals in the 2012/13 pilot - The full FFL showed good internal consistency for both principals and assistant principals in the 2012/13 pilot
• The full roster and full roster-plus methods are empirically similar - The full roster and full roster-plus methods are empirically similar
• The Full Roster Method effectively counts co-taught students more than once in value-added calculations - The Full Roster Method effectively counts co-taught students more than once in value-added calculations
• The Full Roster Method offers the most promise for robust, practical implementation among the three co-teaching value-added methods considered. - The Full Roster Method offers the most promise for robust, practical implementation among the three co-teaching value-added methods considered.
• The full Special-R1 model raises persona-aware Fit from 6.75 to 8.40 and SPED-rubric Helpfulness from 0.720 to 0.768 over a non-disability-aware baseline - The full Special-R1 model raises persona-aware Fit from 6.75 to 8.40 and SPED-rubric Helpfulness from 0.720 to 0.768 over a non-disability-aware baseline
• The full survey's test-retest reliability coefficient is 0.79, considered acceptable bordering on good - The full survey's test-retest reliability coefficient is 0.79, considered acceptable bordering on good
• The full-day vs. half-day attendance gap was largest for Black students, at about 4-5 percentage points - The full-day vs.
• The future lifetime loss from disconnected youth is three times greater than the immediate loss during the youth years - The future lifetime loss from disconnected youth is three times greater than the immediate loss during the youth years
• The GAA-LS shows satisfactory-to-strong internal consistency and evidence of convergent and discriminant validity - The GAA-LS shows satisfactory-to-strong internal consistency and evidence of convergent and discriminant validity
• The gap between Chicago Public Schools students and other Illinois students in ISAT reading is about half as large in eighth grade as in third grade - The gap between Chicago Public Schools students and other Illinois students in ISAT reading is about half as large in eighth grade as in third grade
• The gap between dispositions as learning goals and their assessment indicates misalignment among Integrated Course Design components - The gap between dispositions as learning goals and their assessment indicates misalignment among Integrated Course Design components
• The gap between pre-COVID and COVID test score averages widened in 2023-24 in nearly all grades, by an average of 36% in reading and 18% in math - The gap between pre-COVID and COVID test score averages widened in 2023-24 in nearly all grades, by an average of 36% in reading and 18% in math
• The gap between technical AI exposure and actual employer adoption is a limited opportunity window for CTE programs to shape adoption - The gap between technical AI exposure and actual employer adoption is a limited opportunity window for CTE programs to shape adoption
• The GAP correlates with an independent performance-based persistence measure and with physics post-test scores, supporting construct validity - The GAP correlates with an independent performance-based persistence measure and with physics post-test scores, supporting construct validity
• The GD advantage in total grounds and total conceptual essay quality depended on topic length: it held for short to average topics and disappeared for longer topics. - The GD advantage in total grounds and total conceptual essay quality depended on topic length: it held for short to average topics and disappeared for longer topics.
• The GED essay is scored holistically on a six-point scale by two independent readers - The GED essay is scored holistically on a six-point scale by two independent readers
• The GenAI feedback group showed a statistically significant post-intervention improvement in the Task Strategies dimension of SRL compared with the tutor group - The GenAI feedback group showed a statistically significant post-intervention improvement in the Task Strategies dimension of SRL compared with the tutor group
• The genAI tool's integration into each student team was an intentional pedagogical technique targeting factors contributing to groupthink in rapidly formed teams - The genAI tool's integration into each student team was an intentional pedagogical technique targeting factors contributing to groupthink in rapidly formed teams
• The genAI-enabled patient presented pertinent positive findings consistently with the ePBLM but deviated on non-essential content - The genAI-enabled patient presented pertinent positive findings consistently with the ePBLM but deviated on non-essential content
• The GenAI-RTS is supported by a five-factor structure in which Strategic reliance comprises Deliberate Use and Critical Evaluation facets alongside Instrumental, Dependent, and Dialogic factors - The GenAI-RTS is supported by a five-factor structure in which Strategic reliance comprises Deliberate Use and Critical Evaluation facets alongside Instrumental, Dependent, and Dialogic factors
• The GenAI-SRL scale achieves measurement invariance across gender groups at metric and scalar levels - The GenAI-SRL scale achieves measurement invariance across gender groups at metric and scalar levels
• The GenAI-SRL scale shows satisfactory reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity across its six dimensions - The GenAI-SRL scale shows satisfactory reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity across its six dimensions
• The gender gap in deliberation disappears under unanimous rule with few women or majority rule with many women - The gender gap in deliberation disappears under unanimous rule with few women or majority rule with many women
• The gender gap in graphics decoding remained stable over three years, with no gender-by-year interaction - The gender gap in graphics decoding remained stable over three years, with no gender-by-year interaction
• The gender gap in perceived utility value of social competences widens over time - The gender gap in perceived utility value of social competences widens over time
• The gender gap in reading is three times bigger than the gender gap in math - The gender gap in reading is three times bigger than the gender gap in math
• The gender gap in self-reported social competences widens over two years of vocational high school - The gender gap in self-reported social competences widens over two years of vocational high school
• The general and coder models deploy distinct lexical strategies when raising cognitive demand, and neither deploys simplification vocabulary downward - The general and coder models deploy distinct lexical strategies when raising cognitive demand, and neither deploys simplification vocabulary downward
• The general compassion reference factor uniquely predicts only student support, while the trust facet incrementally predicts teacher enthusiasm - The general compassion reference factor uniquely predicts only student support, while the trust facet incrementally predicts teacher enthusiasm
• The general effort-measurement process is illustrated with data from a large-scale assessment program - The general effort-measurement process is illustrated with data from a large-scale assessment program
• The general organization reference factor is weakly negatively related to cognitive activation, student support, and teacher enthusiasm, but these associations become non-significant after controlling for covariates - The general organization reference factor is weakly negatively related to cognitive activation, student support, and teacher enthusiasm, but these associations become non-significant after controlling
• The general polytomous testlet model recovers true item parameters well in simulation, with average correlations of 0.9680, 0.8608, and 0.9982 for discrimination and difficulty parameters - The general polytomous testlet model recovers true item parameters well in simulation, with average correlations of 0.9680, 0.8608, and 0.9982 for discrimination and difficulty parameters
• The general sociability reference factor uniquely and positively predicts student-rated classroom management, student support, and teacher enthusiasm, while assertiveness and energy level add no unique prediction - The general sociability reference factor uniquely and positively predicts student-rated classroom management, student support, and teacher enthusiasm, while assertiveness and energy level add no uniqu
• The general-AI group most often dictated ChatGPT to directly generate solutions while the regulated-AI group more frequently collaborated to improve self-generated ideas - The general-AI group most often dictated ChatGPT to directly generate solutions while the regulated-AI group more frequently collaborated to improve self-generated ideas
• The general-purpose platform scored higher in early EDBL stages while the education-focused platform scored higher in feedback-intensive iterative stages - The general-purpose platform scored higher in early EDBL stages while the education-focused platform scored higher in feedback-intensive iterative stages
• The generative AI relevance intervention did not significantly increase students' interest in the math class - The generative AI relevance intervention did not significantly increase students' interest in the math class
• The genre-by-generation-task interaction: sentence unscrambling beats letter completion in expository texts, and letter completion beats sentence unscrambling descriptively in narratives - The genre-by-generation-task interaction: sentence unscrambling beats letter completion in expository texts, and letter completion beats sentence unscrambling descriptively in narratives
• The GI/E pattern of relations between achievement and learning-environment perceptions is more pronounced for math achievement than for language achievement. - The GI/E pattern of relations between achievement and learning-environment perceptions is more pronounced for math achievement than for language achievement.
• The GI/E pattern of relations between achievement and perceptions of the learning environment generalizes across same-aged elementary school students and students attending high-ability secondary schools. - The GI/E pattern of relations between achievement and perceptions of the learning environment generalizes across same-aged elementary school students and students attending high-ability secondary scho
• The global civic activism measurement model was fully valid with no items removed, appearing valid across contexts - The global civic activism measurement model was fully valid with no items removed, appearing valid across contexts
• The goal–internalizing relations are moderated by goal terminology, goal setting, education level, goal model, and cultural context - The goal–internalizing relations are moderated by goal terminology, goal setting, education level, goal model, and cultural context
• The GoldList Notebook Method increases long-term retention of L2 idioms compared with a vocabulary lesson alone - The GoldList Notebook Method increases long-term retention of L2 idioms compared with a vocabulary lesson alone
• The Good Language Learner metanarrative persists in sociocultural accounts by equating success with access to community conversations - The Good Language Learner metanarrative persists in sociocultural accounts by equating success with access to community conversations
• The GPA advantage of high-use tutoring visitors held across math SAT score, high school GPA, ethnicity, and first-generation status - The GPA advantage of high-use tutoring visitors held across math SAT score, high school GPA, ethnicity, and first-generation status
• The GPE model's parameters are recoverable via Bayesian estimation in simulation - The GPE model's parameters are recoverable via Bayesian estimation in simulation
• The Grade 10 Visual Arts class was the only class to engage in social (chitchat) discourse, which the authors suggest may reflect a warm classroom climate - The Grade 10 Visual Arts class was the only class to engage in social (chitchat) discourse, which the authors suggest may reflect a warm classroom climate
• The grade effect of learning-strategy differentiation is driven by instruction-dependent and instruction-independent students, not the average group - The grade effect of learning-strategy differentiation is driven by instruction-dependent and instruction-independent students, not the average group
• The grade students receive in the corresponding subject course is the strongest predictor of improvement from one EPAS test to the next - The grade students receive in the corresponding subject course is the strongest predictor of improvement from one EPAS test to the next
• The grade-level disengagement pattern was not meaningfully different between remote and in-school testing - The grade-level disengagement pattern was not meaningfully different between remote and in-school testing
• The graphomotor difficulty of the first letter affects handwriting duration, velocity, stops and size in all grades - The graphomotor difficulty of the first letter affects handwriting duration, velocity, stops and size in all grades
• The greater diversity of book input arises mainly because different books sample the language more broadly than different conversations do - The greater diversity of book input arises mainly because different books sample the language more broadly than different conversations do
• The greatest differences among the three DC estimates occur when the cut score is set at the mode of a skewed score distribution - The greatest differences among the three DC estimates occur when the cut score is set at the mode of a skewed score distribution
• The greedy cycle-break algorithm functions as a safety mechanism: none of the five evaluation topics required prerequisite-edge removal - The greedy cycle-break algorithm functions as a safety mechanism: none of the five evaluation topics required prerequisite-edge removal
• The group advantage reverses when partners' abilities differ greatly, and depends on the mode of communication - The group advantage reverses when partners' abilities differ greatly, and depends on the mode of communication
• The group difference in neural attentional modulation is tied to reduced distractor suppression in the unattended channel, not to differences in response to attended stimuli - The group difference in neural attentional modulation is tied to reduced distractor suppression in the unattended channel, not to differences in response to attended stimuli
• The group taught by synthetic phonics showed better word reading, spelling, and reading comprehension overall than the analytic phonics group - The group taught by synthetic phonics showed better word reading, spelling, and reading comprehension overall than the analytic phonics group
• The growth mindset intervention increased tenth-grade advanced mathematics course enrolment overall, with larger gains in the highest-achieving schools - The growth mindset intervention increased tenth-grade advanced mathematics course enrolment overall, with larger gains in the highest-achieving schools
• The growth mindset intervention reduced fixed-mindset beliefs among lower-achieving adolescents, with no significant variation in this effect detected across schools - The growth mindset intervention reduced fixed-mindset beliefs among lower-achieving adolescents, with no significant variation in this effect detected across schools
• The growth mindset intervention successfully fostered mindset beliefs but this did not transfer to learning outcomes - The growth mindset intervention successfully fostered mindset beliefs but this did not transfer to learning outcomes
• The growth mindset intervention was estimated to prevent about 5.3% of US lower-achieving ninth-graders per year from being off track for graduation - The growth mindset intervention was estimated to prevent about 5.3% of US lower-achieving ninth-graders per year from being off track for graduation
• The GSTG likely contributed to a 23% increase in California-prepared preliminary teaching credentials between 2022–23 and 2023–24 - The GSTG likely contributed to a 23% increase in California-prepared preliminary teaching credentials between 2022–23 and 2023–24
• The GSTG supported over 28,600 aspiring educators in its first 5 years, reaching 45% of California's new teacher candidates in 2023–24 - The GSTG supported over 28,600 aspiring educators in its first 5 years, reaching 45% of California's new teacher candidates in 2023–24
• The guide argues opportunistic experiments have potentially low cost while not conducting them has potentially high cost - The guide argues opportunistic experiments have potentially low cost while not conducting them has potentially high cost
• The guide argues that overfocusing on intervention selection alone risks a 'magic bullet' view because average positive outcomes do not guarantee local success - The guide argues that overfocusing on intervention selection alone risks a 'magic bullet' view because average positive outcomes do not guarantee local success
• The guide identifies intentional instruction, interaction and conversation, and sequentially built lessons as important factors in preschool instruction - The guide identifies intentional instruction, interaction and conversation, and sequentially built lessons as important factors in preschool instruction
• The guide treats an effect size of +0.25 or higher as substantively important, equivalent to raising performance at least 10 percentile points - The guide treats an effect size of +0.25 or higher as substantively important, equivalent to raising performance at least 10 percentile points
• The Haggerty Intelligence Examination Delta 1 for grades 1-3 correlates .68 with teachers' estimates - The Haggerty Intelligence Examination Delta 1 for grades 1-3 correlates .68 with teachers' estimates
• The heat-achievement analysis links daily temperature data to MAP Growth scores for grades 3–8 in six states - The heat-achievement analysis links daily temperature data to MAP Growth scores for grades 3–8 in six states
• The Heising-Simons Foundation funded family engagement providers to develop, test, and integrate research-based early math projects within existing family engagement programs - The Heising-Simons Foundation funded family engagement providers to develop, test, and integrate research-based early math projects within existing family engagement programs
• The Help Tutor improved students' in-tutor help-seeking behavior, but only for a subset of help-seeking action types - The Help Tutor improved students' in-tutor help-seeking behavior, but only for a subset of help-seeking action types
• The HELPS one-to-one fluency program significantly outperformed control on GORT Fluency and GORT-Comprehension for grade 2 Spanish-speaking ELLs - The HELPS one-to-one fluency program significantly outperformed control on GORT Fluency and GORT-Comprehension for grade 2 Spanish-speaking ELLs
• The Hero Elementary playlist intervention showed no statistically significant effect on K-2 students' science knowledge (effect size 0.10, p ~ 0.38) - The Hero Elementary playlist intervention showed no statistically significant effect on K-2 students' science knowledge (effect size 0.10, p ~ 0.38)
• The heuristic framework deliberately retains automatic performance checks opposed by instructors and students, as context-appropriate measure selection matters - The heuristic framework deliberately retains automatic performance checks opposed by instructors and students, as context-appropriate measure selection matters
• The hierarchical model of Similarity, Dissimilarity, and Integration is empirically supported with domain-general figurative items - The hierarchical model of Similarity, Dissimilarity, and Integration is empirically supported with domain-general figurative items
• The high school SAILS remedial math course did not improve math achievement more than a typical senior year math course - The high school SAILS remedial math course did not improve math achievement more than a typical senior year math course
• The high self-determination group was more likely to maintain a checking and a savings account, with no significant differences in postsecondary education enrollment - The high self-determination group was more likely to maintain a checking and a savings account, with no significant differences in postsecondary education enrollment
• The high-boredom (HghLBO) profile deviates from the linear control–emotion trend, showing elevated boredom and reduced enjoyment relative to its academic-control level - The high-boredom (HghLBO) profile deviates from the linear control–emotion trend, showing elevated boredom and reduced enjoyment relative to its academic-control level
• The high-flyer cohort comprised 91,643 students from more than 800 schools in 28 states - The high-flyer cohort comprised 91,643 students from more than 800 schools in 28 states
• The High-Perception High-Vigilance profile combines elevated AI use anxiety and STARA awareness with strong capability perceptions and AI creative self-efficacy - The High-Perception High-Vigilance profile combines elevated AI use anxiety and STARA awareness with strong capability perceptions and AI creative self-efficacy
• The high/low-task divide in computational journalism is a relationship shaped by available technologies rather than a fixed property of tasks - The high/low-task divide in computational journalism is a relationship shaped by available technologies rather than a fixed property of tasks
• The higher order cognition general factor is fairly strongly related to writing quality (r = .59), and the relation remains after covariates and is similar across English immersion and dual immersion programs - The higher order cognition general factor is fairly strongly related to writing quality (r = .59), and the relation remains after covariates and is similar across English immersion and dual immersion
• The higher the maturation level of an Inquiry Learning Space (create, share, co-create, publish), the higher its probability of being implemented in a classroom - The higher the maturation level of an Inquiry Learning Space (create, share, co-create, publish), the higher its probability of being implemented in a classroom
• The highest decomposition level (five segments) performed slightly worse than the three-segment approach, suggesting non-monotonic benefits of decomposition - The highest decomposition level (five segments) performed slightly worse than the three-segment approach, suggesting non-monotonic benefits of decomposition
• The highest level of inquiry may not be the 'best' approach for science learning - The highest level of inquiry may not be the 'best' approach for science learning
• The historical thinking rubrics were developed with construct and validity evidence from the literature and teacher/reviewer review - The historical thinking rubrics were developed with construct and validity evidence from the literature and teacher/reviewer review
• The HLE-adapted evaluator shows the lowest grader error rate (4.08%) among the evaluators audited - The HLE-adapted evaluator shows the lowest grader error rate (4.08%) among the evaluators audited
• The HMM form of BKT, solved analytically, is a three-parameter exponential in opportunity number - The HMM form of BKT, solved analytically, is a three-parameter exponential in opportunity number
• The home digital divide narrowed by 2003 and schools partially compensated, with predominantly African-American elementary students using school computers more than integrated-school students - The home digital divide narrowed by 2003 and schools partially compensated, with predominantly African-American elementary students using school computers more than integrated-school students
• The home environment plays an important role in early childhood development - The home environment plays an important role in early childhood development
• The homework management–homework behavior link is stronger for girls than for boys - The homework management–homework behavior link is stronger for girls than for boys
• The homework management–homework behavior link is stronger for grades 7–8 than for grades 5–6 - The homework management–homework behavior link is stronger for grades 7–8 than for grades 5–6
• The human-refined framework improved human agreement substantially but produced only modest gains for ICL-based LLM annotation - The human-refined framework improved human agreement substantially but produced only modest gains for ICL-based LLM annotation
• The hybrid confidence measure with aleatoric uncertainty yields the best calibration (Brier 0.138, ECE 0.044, MCE 0.100) among compared methods - The hybrid confidence measure with aleatoric uncertainty yields the best calibration (Brier 0.138, ECE 0.044, MCE 0.100) among compared methods
• The hybrid grading contract helps resist grade inflation by reserving grades above B for exceptionally high quality - The hybrid grading contract helps resist grade inflation by reserving grades above B for exceptionally high quality
• The hybrid qualitative-COM solver solves arbitrary Camelot Jr. configuration challenges within the game's problem space - The hybrid qualitative-COM solver solves arbitrary Camelot Jr.
• The hypothesis that both teachers can refrain from complementarity when facing hostile student behavior could not be confirmed - The hypothesis that both teachers can refrain from complementarity when facing hostile student behavior could not be confirmed
• The hypothesised mediation of prompt effects on self-efficacy via strategy use was not confirmed because prompts did not affect strategy use - The hypothesised mediation of prompt effects on self-efficacy via strategy use was not confirmed because prompts did not affect strategy use
• The ICAP Framework was found effective for assessing potential for active learning in an asynchronous online environment and identifying where design improvements are needed - The ICAP Framework was found effective for assessing potential for active learning in an asynchronous online environment and identifying where design improvements are needed
• The ICAP hypothesis predicts that learning increases as engagement moves from passive to active to constructive to interactive (I>C>A>P) - The ICAP hypothesis predicts that learning increases as engagement moves from passive to active to constructive to interactive (I>C>A>P)
• The ICC and LDF methods identify substantially different sets of items as exhibiting DIF on a state science performance assessment - The ICC and LDF methods identify substantially different sets of items as exhibiting DIF on a state science performance assessment
• The iCub storytelling system achieved 88% trial success and 86% VLM sticker-description agreement, with the LLM adding to human contributions in 8% of trials and never correcting them - The iCub storytelling system achieved 88% trial success and 86% VLM sticker-description agreement, with the LLM adding to human contributions in 8% of trials and never correcting them
• The idea of discreteness is a fundamental presupposition that constrains students' understanding of the density of rational numbers - The idea of discreteness is a fundamental presupposition that constrains students' understanding of the density of rational numbers
• The identifiability problem of the BKT HMM arises because combinations of P(G) and P(L0) with the same product A give identical functional forms - The identifiability problem of the BKT HMM arises because combinations of P(G) and P(L0) with the same product A give identical functional forms
• The identity interaction on mixed-trial accuracy held marginally when controlling for language abilities, which themselves did not predict performance - The identity interaction on mixed-trial accuracy held marginally when controlling for language abilities, which themselves did not predict performance
• The ie-ei rule's slight advantage is questionable because most citers relied on mnemonics covering only one or two of the eleven words - The ie-ei rule's slight advantage is questionable because most citers relied on mnemonics covering only one or two of the eleven words
• The IEA-provided Instruction to Engage Students in Learning Scale has practically zero correlation to student achievement, according to IEA (2011) exhibit data cited in the article - The IEA-provided Instruction to Engage Students in Learning Scale has practically zero correlation to student achievement, according to IEA (2011) exhibit data cited in the article
• The Illinois State Board of Education's graduation-rate method overestimates graduation rates where large numbers of students transfer between schools, as in Chicago - The Illinois State Board of Education's graduation-rate method overestimates graduation rates where large numbers of students transfer between schools, as in Chicago
• The imagination effect (cognitive rehearsal of example procedures) enhances learning only for learners with prior knowledge - The imagination effect (cognitive rehearsal of example procedures) enhances learning only for learners with prior knowledge
• The immediate advantage of deep-processing prompts does not persist at a 5-month follow-up, with a Bayesian test confirming the null - The immediate advantage of deep-processing prompts does not persist at a 5-month follow-up, with a Bayesian test confirming the null
• The immediate knowledge advantage for vision over touch-only does not persist at three-week follow-up - The immediate knowledge advantage for vision over touch-only does not persist at three-week follow-up
• The immigrant optimism hypothesis holds in some cultural contexts but not in others, depending on cultural congruence, cooperative learning, and family educational investment - The immigrant optimism hypothesis holds in some cultural contexts but not in others, depending on cultural congruence, cooperative learning, and family educational investment
• The impact of AI on learning, motivation, and meaning differs by life stage: AI functions as a supplement for those with established skills but risks bypassing foundational experiences for younger learners - The impact of AI on learning, motivation, and meaning differs by life stage: AI functions as a supplement for those with established skills but risks bypassing foundational experiences for younger lea
• The impact of FAST did not differ significantly by student subgroups or school characteristics in the RCT - The impact of FAST did not differ significantly by student subgroups or school characteristics in the RCT
• The impact of immersion in IBL on beliefs varies significantly across individual students, with about 8% holding content-oriented beliefs largely unaffected - The impact of immersion in IBL on beliefs varies significantly across individual students, with about 8% holding content-oriented beliefs largely unaffected
• The impact of phonological competitors on SfV accuracy is greater for children with low decoding or low word reading skill - The impact of phonological competitors on SfV accuracy is greater for children with low decoding or low word reading skill