Claims: N 1

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• (Nor)epinephrine follows an inverted-U for learning: low levels aid learning, high levels trigger quitting, and production fades after about 90 minutes but habituates with repeated safe exposure - (Nor)epinephrine follows an inverted-U for learning: low levels aid learning, high levels trigger quitting, and production fades after about 90 minutes but habituates with repeated safe exposure
• N-2 language repetition costs are a less ambiguous marker of inhibition in language switching, though their pattern across languages is inconsistent - N-2 language repetition costs are a less ambiguous marker of inhibition in language switching, though their pattern across languages is inconsistent
• N-back response time increases and accuracy decreases with cognitive load, and Posner cue conditions differ in speed and accuracy trade-offs - N-back response time increases and accuracy decreases with cognitive load, and Posner cue conditions differ in speed and accuracy trade-offs
• N170 peak latency is later in children than adults, and only adults show a latency difference between reversed and typical letters - N170 peak latency is later in children than adults, and only adults show a latency difference between reversed and typical letters
• NAEP scores in 2019 were higher for most racial/ethnic groups in both subjects and grades compared to the early 1990s, but grade 8 reading was lower for all groups except Asian/Pacific Islander students compared to 2017 - NAEP scores in 2019 were higher for most racial/ethnic groups in both subjects and grades compared to the early 1990s, but grade 8 reading was lower for all groups except Asian/Pacific Islander studen
• Naive hope is negatively related to civic engagement, while existential hope is proposed to be positively associated with it - Naive hope is negatively related to civic engagement, while existential hope is proposed to be positively associated with it
• Names alone elicit weaker, less consistent identity-marked feedback language than explicit attribute prompts - Names alone elicit weaker, less consistent identity-marked feedback language than explicit attribute prompts
• NAMI On Campus Club participants reported high confidence in their clubs' impact, with 72–100% agreement across survey items - NAMI On Campus Club participants reported high confidence in their clubs' impact, with 72–100% agreement across survey items
• Naming speed, vocabulary, sentence imitation, problem behavior, and amount of intervention correctly classify most nonresponsive and always responsive students - Naming speed, vocabulary, sentence imitation, problem behavior, and amount of intervention correctly classify most nonresponsive and always responsive students
• Narration fluency is no evidence of correctness: narration quality is independent of signal quality - Narration fluency is no evidence of correctness: narration quality is independent of signal quality
• Narrative and expository instruction produce no significant differences in recall or understanding of biological concepts - Narrative and expository instruction produce no significant differences in recall or understanding of biological concepts
• Narrative and storying genres in educational inquiry risk disempowering the very people they claim to empower - Narrative and storying genres in educational inquiry risk disempowering the very people they claim to empower
• Narrative comprehension increases from low to high education, independent of narrative codality - Narrative comprehension increases from low to high education, independent of narrative codality
• Narrative comprehension of bridging inferences remains stable across the adult age span - Narrative comprehension of bridging inferences remains stable across the adult age span
• Narrative instruction leads to higher germane cognitive load and self-efficacy, and lower extraneous cognitive load, than expository instruction - Narrative instruction leads to higher germane cognitive load and self-efficacy, and lower extraneous cognitive load, than expository instruction
• Narrative instruction produces higher transfer performance than expository instruction in undergraduate biology learning - Narrative instruction produces higher transfer performance than expository instruction in undergraduate biology learning
• Narrative memory is superior when content follows stereotypical story grammar structure, and goal information is critical to comprehension - Narrative memory is superior when content follows stereotypical story grammar structure, and goal information is critical to comprehension
• Narrative/story writing is the most common genre used to operationalize writing in K‑5 writing‑motivation self‑report studies, suggesting a bias toward narrow aspects of writing - Narrative/story writing is the most common genre used to operationalize writing in K‑5 writing‑motivation self‑report studies, suggesting a bias toward narrow aspects of writing
• Narratives of historical events become more complex from 8th to 11th grade - Narratives of historical events become more complex from 8th to 11th grade
• Narratives of love and happiness for academic work intertwine with normalization of exploitation, producing a "passion trap" of pain and fatigue amid unstable contracts - Narratives of love and happiness for academic work intertwine with normalization of exploitation, producing a "passion trap" of pain and fatigue amid unstable contracts
• Narrow, skills-only KEAs can narrow the kindergarten curriculum and foster inappropriate teaching, while holistic observational assessment can drive developmentally appropriate practice - Narrow, skills-only KEAs can narrow the kindergarten curriculum and foster inappropriate teaching, while holistic observational assessment can drive developmentally appropriate practice
• NASBA approved an upskilling program built on the framework's outputs for continuing-professional-education credits - NASBA approved an upskilling program built on the framework's outputs for continuing-professional-education credits
• Nasty task environments increased negative affect and improved complex problem solving performance relative to nice environments - Nasty task environments increased negative affect and improved complex problem solving performance relative to nice environments
• Nation concept shifts from essentialist to constructivist across grades - Nation concept shifts from essentialist to constructivist across grades
• National Board Certification candidates more than tripled after the 2022 incentive program began, with a fourfold jump in high-need schools from 415 to 1,764 - National Board Certification candidates more than tripled after the 2022 incentive program began, with a fourfold jump in high-need schools from 415 to 1,764
• National estimates indicate nearly half of students report having ever used illicit drugs and most report having drunk alcohol before leaving high school - National estimates indicate nearly half of students report having ever used illicit drugs and most report having drunk alcohol before leaving high school
• National gender-equality and human-development indicators show no consistent correlation with sex differences in mathematics or reading across the decade - National gender-equality and human-development indicators show no consistent correlation with sex differences in mathematics or reading across the decade
• National income inequality strengthens the economically based social class test gap (family economic capital) - National income inequality strengthens the economically based social class test gap (family economic capital)
• National income inequality weakens the culturally based social class test gap (parental education, cultural capital) - National income inequality weakens the culturally based social class test gap (parental education, cultural capital)
• National out-of-school suspension rates rose from 4% in 1973 to a peak of 7% in 2009–10, then fell to 5% by 2017–18 while remaining above 1970s levels - National out-of-school suspension rates rose from 4% in 1973 to a peak of 7% in 2009–10, then fell to 5% by 2017–18 while remaining above 1970s levels
• National quality rating systems show divergent operationalisations across countries, and links between ratings and child development are often shielded from scrutiny - National quality rating systems show divergent operationalisations across countries, and links between ratings and child development are often shielded from scrutiny
• National racial violence significantly reduced belonging and confidence among Black and Latinx STEM students relative to white peers - National racial violence significantly reduced belonging and confidence among Black and Latinx STEM students relative to white peers
• National school crime indicators show schools became safer as exclusionary discipline reductions were underway, with 79% of schools recording incidents in 2015-16 versus 85-89% in prior years - National school crime indicators show schools became safer as exclusionary discipline reductions were underway, with 79% of schools recording incidents in 2015-16 versus 85-89% in prior years
• National Student Exchange participants showed higher pretest psychosocial development but no statistically significant pretest-to-posttest growth - National Student Exchange participants showed higher pretest psychosocial development but no statistically significant pretest-to-posttest growth
• National studies cited in the report found Rhode Island charter students outperformed traditional public school peers in reading and math - National studies cited in the report found Rhode Island charter students outperformed traditional public school peers in reading and math
• Nations whose students score best on TIMSS mathematics and science tests show the least liking of mathematics and science - Nations whose students score best on TIMSS mathematics and science tests show the least liking of mathematics and science
• Native and non-native learners require around 30 years to reach asymptotic performance - Native and non-native learners require around 30 years to reach asymptotic performance
• Native and non-native speaking fourth graders do not differ in monitoring resolution of their open-ended text comprehension answers (Study 2) - Native and non-native speaking fourth graders do not differ in monitoring resolution of their open-ended text comprehension answers (Study 2)
• Native and non-native speaking fourth graders do not differ in recognition or metacognitive monitoring resolution in a paired-associates task (Study 1) - Native and non-native speaking fourth graders do not differ in recognition or metacognitive monitoring resolution in a paired-associates task (Study 1)
• Native signers (children of at least one Deaf parent) outperform non-native signers on ASL syntactic judgment and analogical reasoning tasks - Native signers (children of at least one Deaf parent) outperform non-native signers on ASL syntactic judgment and analogical reasoning tasks
• Native signers of ASL show more proficient bilingual abilities than non-native signers - Native signers of ASL show more proficient bilingual abilities than non-native signers
• Native signing and maternal education jointly predict bilingual ability, accounting for 38.4% of variance - Native signing and maternal education jointly predict bilingual ability, accounting for 38.4% of variance
• Native speakers rarely supply negative input, so learners must infer or actively seek it by pushing for comprehensible output - Native speakers rarely supply negative input, so learners must infer or actively seek it by pushing for comprehensible output
• Native speakers rated outputs of LLMs fine-tuned on Nigerian Pidgin English as understandable and context-aware, though no non-fine-tuned baseline was evaluated - Native speakers rated outputs of LLMs fine-tuned on Nigerian Pidgin English as understandable and context-aware, though no non-fine-tuned baseline was evaluated
• Native speaking fourth graders answered more open-ended text comprehension questions correctly than non-native speakers (Study 2) - Native speaking fourth graders answered more open-ended text comprehension questions correctly than non-native speakers (Study 2)
• Native-speaker children have about 2,500 words at school entry and vocabulary growth becomes exponential once independent reading begins - Native-speaker children have about 2,500 words at school entry and vocabulary growth becomes exponential once independent reading begins
• Natural language AI feedback is associated with faster convergence to correct solutions - Natural language AI feedback is associated with faster convergence to correct solutions
• Natural language AI feedback is associated with higher eventual success on initially incorrect programming problems - Natural language AI feedback is associated with higher eventual success on initially incorrect programming problems
• Natural language control requires less human operation time than manual control for all five complex tasks tested - Natural language control requires less human operation time than manual control for all five complex tasks tested
• Natural lighting and green window views benefit mood, sleep, cognition, and test performance - Natural lighting and green window views benefit mood, sleep, cognition, and test performance
• Nature exposure at work did not significantly predict employee creativity in a longitudinal study where job autonomy and workload were the significant predictors - Nature exposure at work did not significantly predict employee creativity in a longitudinal study where job autonomy and workload were the significant predictors
• Nature exposure relieves stress in learners, including experimentally demonstrated reductions in heart rate and self-reported stress - Nature exposure relieves stress in learners, including experimentally demonstrated reductions in heart rate and self-reported stress
• Nature interventions improve working memory in school children relative to control conditions, for both immersive and passive exposures - Nature interventions improve working memory in school children relative to control conditions, for both immersive and passive exposures
• Nature-based instruction improves academic achievement over traditional instruction, with larger gains at larger doses - Nature-based instruction improves academic achievement over traditional instruction, with larger gains at larger doses
• Nature-based learning appears to work especially well for disadvantaged and disengaged students, potentially narrowing achievement gaps - Nature-based learning appears to work especially well for disadvantaged and disengaged students, potentially narrowing achievement gaps
• Navigation features and self-explanation prompts do not interact in their effect on video learning - Navigation features and self-explanation prompts do not interact in their effect on video learning
• NBA Math Hoops can be implemented at low marginal cost: $17.85 per pupil (analytic sample) in materials and training beyond typical summer programming, yielding 0.19 SD math gain - NBA Math Hoops can be implemented at low marginal cost: $17.85 per pupil (analytic sample) in materials and training beyond typical summer programming, yielding 0.19 SD math gain
• NBA Math Hoops math gains are larger for students entering with stronger incoming math scores, with no significant variation by gender, IEP status, or incoming SEL - NBA Math Hoops math gains are larger for students entering with stronger incoming math scores, with no significant variation by gender, IEP status, or incoming SEL
• NBA Math Hoops significantly improves elementary and middle school students' math achievement compared to business-as-usual summer STEM programming (0.19 SD gain) - NBA Math Hoops significantly improves elementary and middle school students' math achievement compared to business-as-usual summer STEM programming (0.19 SD gain)
• NBA Math Hoops students scored significantly lower than controls on a composite SEL measure (−0.21 SD), though remaining at moderately high levels - NBA Math Hoops students scored significantly lower than controls on a composite SEL measure (−0.21 SD), though remaining at moderately high levels
• NBA Math Hoops was implemented with high fidelity: teachers completed an average of 8.31 of 10 lessons and played 14.5 games per classroom over roughly 15 days - NBA Math Hoops was implemented with high fidelity: teachers completed an average of 8.31 of 10 lessons and played 14.5 games per classroom over roughly 15 days
• NBCTs are more likely than other teachers to work in magnet schools and less likely to work in the poorest and predominantly African American schools - NBCTs are more likely than other teachers to work in magnet schools and less likely to work in the poorest and predominantly African American schools
• NBCTs report holding school leadership positions at higher rates than other teachers (50% vs 32%) - NBCTs report holding school leadership positions at higher rates than other teachers (50% vs 32%)
• NC Pre-K participants made greater gains than expected for normal developmental growth, with particular benefits for dual language learners and low-income students - NC Pre-K participants made greater gains than expected for normal developmental growth, with particular benefits for dual language learners and low-income students
• NCA scores of IIU input vectors order action types identically to the main-effects ordering (Spearman's ρ = 1) - NCA scores of IIU input vectors order action types identically to the main-effects ordering (Spearman's ρ = 1)
• NCERT-tailored RAG preprocessing and figure-aware indexing improve retrieval precision over a generic-chunking baseline, per the authors' assertion - NCERT-tailored RAG preprocessing and figure-aware indexing improve retrieval precision over a generic-chunking baseline, per the authors' assertion
• NCLB had negative effects on AI/AN education, including declines in Navajo students' standardized test scores of up to 50 percent over three years under scripted English-only programs - NCLB had negative effects on AI/AN education, including declines in Navajo students' standardized test scores of up to 50 percent over three years under scripted English-only programs
• ND and NT students both prefer some instructor involvement and in-person collaboration over fully student-directed and online collaboration - ND and NT students both prefer some instructor involvement and in-person collaboration over fully student-directed and online collaboration
• Near-term academic problems targeted include absenteeism, suspensions, poor grades, and low state-test performance - Near-term academic problems targeted include absenteeism, suspensions, poor grades, and low state-test performance
• Nearly 4 in 5 GSTG teacher candidate recipients were income-eligible for the federal Pell Grant, far above the statewide undergraduate rate - Nearly 4 in 5 GSTG teacher candidate recipients were income-eligible for the federal Pell Grant, far above the statewide undergraduate rate
• Nearly 43 million U.S. adults lack the basic English literacy skills required to succeed in the workforce and achieve economic self-sufficiency - Nearly 43 million U.S.
• Nearly 60% of surveyed college students said their summative assessment results matched other college-readiness information not very well or very little - Nearly 60% of surveyed college students said their summative assessment results matched other college-readiness information not very well or very little
• Nearly 80 percent of surveyed charter schools operated fully remotely in April 2020, falling to about half by the 2020-21 school year - Nearly 80 percent of surveyed charter schools operated fully remotely in April 2020, falling to about half by the 2020-21 school year
• Nearly 90 percent of Chicago freshmen who miss less than a week of school per semester graduate, regardless of 8th grade test scores - Nearly 90 percent of Chicago freshmen who miss less than a week of school per semester graduate, regardless of 8th grade test scores
• Nearly 90 percent of Illinois districts cite student assessment purposes as major purposes of their district-wide testing programs, with measuring student performance most common - Nearly 90 percent of Illinois districts cite student assessment purposes as major purposes of their district-wide testing programs, with measuring student performance most common
• Nearly 90 percent of seniors report their parents want them to go to college after high school graduation - Nearly 90 percent of seniors report their parents want them to go to college after high school graduation
• Nearly a third of eighth graders retained or sent to Transition Centers in 1997 had dropped out by fall 1999, while overall eighth-grade dropout rates stayed stable - Nearly a third of eighth graders retained or sent to Transition Centers in 1997 had dropped out by fall 1999, while overall eighth-grade dropout rates stayed stable
• Nearly all (90.7%) of the most-used school climate measures include subscales conceptually related to SEL support, covering 55.04% of all subscales - Nearly all (90.7%) of the most-used school climate measures include subscales conceptually related to SEL support, covering 55.04% of all subscales
• Nearly all attendance-related text-messaging events were targeted to specific students or subgroups, and nearly a third were sent in a language other than English, mostly Spanish - Nearly all attendance-related text-messaging events were targeted to specific students or subgroups, and nearly a third were sent in a language other than English, mostly Spanish
• Nearly all California College Promise programs pair financial aid with academic counseling, career counseling, and summer bridge supports - Nearly all California College Promise programs pair financial aid with academic counseling, career counseling, and summer bridge supports
• Nearly all California LEAs offered TK in 2023–24, with 85% offering it at all elementary sites, up from 81% the prior year - Nearly all California LEAs offered TK in 2023–24, with 85% offering it at all elementary sites, up from 81% the prior year
• Nearly all CHSRI schools graduated at least as many students as predicted given the students they served - Nearly all CHSRI schools graduated at least as many students as predicted given the students they served
• Nearly all educators most want AI to free up time in existing workflows and return capacity to overburdened staff - Nearly all educators most want AI to free up time in existing workflows and return capacity to overburdened staff
• Nearly all New Jersey principals (99 percent) received effective or highly effective overall ratings in the first year of statewide evaluation, with limited variation - Nearly all New Jersey principals (99 percent) received effective or highly effective overall ratings in the first year of statewide evaluation, with limited variation
• Nearly all of fifty-two countries' early childhood curricula mention diverse spatial skills - Nearly all of fifty-two countries' early childhood curricula mention diverse spatial skills
• Nearly all participating families reported using the Splash and Bubbles for Parents app and found it helpful for supporting children's science learning - Nearly all participating families reported using the Splash and Bubbles for Parents app and found it helpful for supporting children's science learning
• Nearly all peer critique disagreements were resolved, mostly through concession, with co-construction appearing only in soft and mixed disagreements - Nearly all peer critique disagreements were resolved, mostly through concession, with co-construction appearing only in soft and mixed disagreements
• Nearly all postgraduate research students in the study used GenAI across multiple research stages, positioning it as a supportive assistant with human oversight retained - Nearly all postgraduate research students in the study used GenAI across multiple research stages, positioning it as a supportive assistant with human oversight retained
• Nearly all respondents said inadequate school time and opportunities for collaboration made cross-sector collaboration more difficult - Nearly all respondents said inadequate school time and opportunities for collaboration made cross-sector collaboration more difficult
• Nearly all responding SSSCs conducted trainings in 2021, with reporting centers documenting over a thousand training events reaching tens of thousands of participants - Nearly all responding SSSCs conducted trainings in 2021, with reporting centers documenting over a thousand training events reaching tens of thousands of participants
• Nearly all students valued learning through effort while feeling drawn toward AI, and split into those who limited use and those whose use conflicted with stated values - Nearly all students valued learning through effort while feeling drawn toward AI, and split into those who limited use and those whose use conflicted with stated values
• Nearly all surveyed charter schools provided remote-learning professional development to teachers, compared with under half of district reopening plans - Nearly all surveyed charter schools provided remote-learning professional development to teachers, compared with under half of district reopening plans
• Nearly all teacher survey domains and scales correlate small-to-moderately (0.26 to 0.46) with supervisors' ratings of principals' leadership - Nearly all teacher survey domains and scales correlate small-to-moderately (0.26 to 0.46) with supervisors' ratings of principals' leadership
• Nearly all teachers implemented the TEC Summer Learning Program as planned despite wide variation in program conditions - Nearly all teachers implemented the TEC Summer Learning Program as planned despite wide variation in program conditions
• Nearly all top-50 universities provide faculty GenAI guidelines, with 94% emphasizing establishing and communicating course-specific GenAI policies - Nearly all top-50 universities provide faculty GenAI guidelines, with 94% emphasizing establishing and communicating course-specific GenAI policies
• Nearly four in five Chinese HSS students perceived academic performance gains from GenAI, which the authors caution may reflect assessment limitations - Nearly four in five Chinese HSS students perceived academic performance gains from GenAI, which the authors caution may reflect assessment limitations
• Nearly half of Black and Hispanic preschoolers attend schools where over 90% of students are students of color - Nearly half of Black and Hispanic preschoolers attend schools where over 90% of students are students of color
• Nearly half of California's UPK classrooms were stand-alone TK classes, but small LEAs were far less able to offer stand-alone TK than medium and large LEAs - Nearly half of California's UPK classrooms were stand-alone TK classes, but small LEAs were far less able to offer stand-alone TK than medium and large LEAs
• Nearly half of Chicago eighth graders and more than a third of tenth graders rate their classes as disruptive or very disruptive, and teachers corroborate frequent disruption - Nearly half of Chicago eighth graders and more than a third of tenth graders rate their classes as disruptive or very disruptive, and teachers corroborate frequent disruption
• Nearly half of Kansas public schools and two-thirds of districts have participated in formal MTSS training - Nearly half of Kansas public schools and two-thirds of districts have participated in formal MTSS training
• Nearly half of Kansas public schools and two-thirds of districts have participated in formal MTSS training, with no state mandate - Nearly half of Kansas public schools and two-thirds of districts have participated in formal MTSS training, with no state mandate
• Nearly half of sixth graders' written products from multiple texts show poor integration quality - Nearly half of sixth graders' written products from multiple texts show poor integration quality
• Nearly half of surveyed students believe video games might help develop useful skills or provide valuable experience - Nearly half of surveyed students believe video games might help develop useful skills or provide valuable experience
• Nearly half of waiver states adopted a 'cut the gap in half' achievement goal, while only Arizona chose 100 percent proficiency by 2020 - Nearly half of waiver states adopted a 'cut the gap in half' achievement goal, while only Arizona chose 100 percent proficiency by 2020
• Nearly half the variance in kindergarten-entry scores lies between districts, with less variance in achievement trends at the district level - Nearly half the variance in kindergarten-entry scores lies between districts, with less variance in achievement trends at the district level
• Nearly nine in ten students ranked a personalized video as their top choice - Nearly nine in ten students ranked a personalized video as their top choice
• Nearly one in five recent CPS ninth-graders were ever enrolled in an Options school, and their six-year graduation rate improved about 5 percentage points but remained below 50 percent - Nearly one in five recent CPS ninth-graders were ever enrolled in an Options school, and their six-year graduation rate improved about 5 percentage points but remained below 50 percent
• Nearly three quarters (74%) of teacher turnover between 2020–21 and 2021–22 was voluntary and preretirement - Nearly three quarters (74%) of teacher turnover between 2020–21 and 2021–22 was voluntary and preretirement
• Nearly two-thirds of graduates from academically advanced programs graduate with access to a selective or very selective four-year college - Nearly two-thirds of graduates from academically advanced programs graduate with access to a selective or very selective four-year college
• Need for cognition correlates moderately with mathematics achievement (r = .25)
• Need for cognition correlates positively with critical genAI use and negatively with perceived usefulness of genAI - Need for cognition correlates positively with critical genAI use and negatively with perceived usefulness of genAI
• Need for cognition negatively moderates the trust–appropriate reliance relationship, with the trust slope becoming more negative as need for cognition increases - Need for cognition negatively moderates the trust–appropriate reliance relationship, with the trust slope becoming more negative as need for cognition increases
• Need satisfaction and autonomy support did not predict external regulation, and introjected associations did not hold in the full model - Need satisfaction and autonomy support did not predict external regulation, and introjected associations did not hold in the full model
• Need-based grant aid improves persistence and completion while merit-only aid shows no detectable effect on these outcomes - Need-based grant aid improves persistence and completion while merit-only aid shows no detectable effect on these outcomes
• Negative achievement effects of suspension are robust to instrumental variable estimates leveraging a district-wide suspension policy change - Negative achievement effects of suspension are robust to instrumental variable estimates leveraging a district-wide suspension policy change
• Negative affective experience items were dropped due to floor effects and poor discrimination - Negative affective experience items were dropped due to floor effects and poor discrimination
• Negative AI attitudes correlate positively with job finding anxiety more strongly than positive AI attitudes - Negative AI attitudes correlate positively with job finding anxiety more strongly than positive AI attitudes
• Negative aspects of the teacher–student relationship are particularly predictive of peer relationships - Negative aspects of the teacher–student relationship are particularly predictive of peer relationships
• Negative between-domain effects in the classic I/E model are found particularly among secondary school students, with less consistent findings for primary school students - Negative between-domain effects in the classic I/E model are found particularly among secondary school students, with less consistent findings for primary school students
• Negative boredom–interest factor correlations grew stronger over the four waves, indicating increasing divergence during secondary school - Negative boredom–interest factor correlations grew stronger over the four waves, indicating increasing divergence during secondary school
• Negative cross-domain relations between math and L1 motivation were far more prevalent among girls than boys - Negative cross-domain relations between math and L1 motivation were far more prevalent among girls than boys
• Negative effects of mid-year entry are somewhat larger for Asian students and students not qualifying for free or reduced-price lunch - Negative effects of mid-year entry are somewhat larger for Asian students and students not qualifying for free or reduced-price lunch
• Negative emotional associations of AI-adaptive environments are pronounced among students with low AI literacy but substantially attenuated among those with high AI literacy - Negative emotional associations of AI-adaptive environments are pronounced among students with low AI literacy but substantially attenuated among those with high AI literacy
• Negative emotions are not uniformly detrimental; differentiation by valence, arousal, and object focus is needed - Negative emotions are not uniformly detrimental; differentiation by valence, arousal, and object focus is needed
• Negative emotions are perceived to have either positive or negative impacts on learning, with faculty more likely than students to recognize their functional benefits - Negative emotions are perceived to have either positive or negative impacts on learning, with faculty more likely than students to recognize their functional benefits
• Negative emotions sometimes promoted implementation of novel practices in PD - Negative emotions sometimes promoted implementation of novel practices in PD
• Negative example standards do not reliably improve judgment accuracy and significantly decrease relative accuracy in evaluating self-generated examples - Negative example standards do not reliably improve judgment accuracy and significantly decrease relative accuracy in evaluating self-generated examples
• Negative feedback lowered math self-concept indirectly via enjoyment and hope; positive feedback raised it via hope - Negative feedback lowered math self-concept indirectly via enjoyment and hope; positive feedback raised it via hope
• Negative frame-of-reference effects are hypothesized to be truncated in pure self-efficacy measures relative to self-concept measures - Negative frame-of-reference effects are hypothesized to be truncated in pure self-efficacy measures relative to self-concept measures
• Negative knowledge supports three functions in professional work: certainty, efficiency, and reflection - Negative knowledge supports three functions in professional work: certainty, efficiency, and reflection
• Negative life events predict rank-order decreases in self-control in early adolescents over time, controlling for baseline self-control and demographics - Negative life events predict rank-order decreases in self-control in early adolescents over time, controlling for baseline self-control and demographics
• Negative normative feedback directly increased subsequent math performance in sixth-graders - Negative normative feedback directly increased subsequent math performance in sixth-graders
• Negative normative feedback lowered math performance indirectly via reduced hope - Negative normative feedback lowered math performance indirectly via reduced hope
• Negative performance feedback raises expected future mental effort and affects perceived effort and willingness to invest effort via challenge and threat (van Gog et al., 2024) - Negative performance feedback raises expected future mental effort and affects perceived effort and willingness to invest effort via challenge and threat (van Gog et al., 2024)
• Negative priming effects are generally larger in mathematics than in language or science, particularly in arithmetic tasks - Negative priming effects are generally larger in mathematics than in language or science, particularly in arithmetic tasks
• Negative prior experiences with educational institutions and less exposure to formal schooling are barriers to ELL parental involvement - Negative prior experiences with educational institutions and less exposure to formal schooling are barriers to ELL parental involvement
• Negative psychosocial effects of preschool concentrate in full-day programs, with no academic difference between full- and part-day attendance and no program-type differences - Negative psychosocial effects of preschool concentrate in full-day programs, with no academic difference between full- and part-day attendance and no program-type differences
• Negative sentiment peaks were tied to specific events: AI governance failures in 2019 and 2021 and diffuse academic-integrity anxiety after ChatGPT in 2023 - Negative sentiment peaks were tied to specific events: AI governance failures in 2019 and 2021 and diffuse academic-integrity anxiety after ChatGPT in 2023
• Negative specialization–role interdependence relationship holds only in offices low on workgroup process - Negative specialization–role interdependence relationship holds only in offices low on workgroup process
• Negative stereotype salience combined with high ethnic self-identification inhibits academic performance, while positive stereotypes facilitate it - Negative stereotype salience combined with high ethnic self-identification inhibits academic performance, while positive stereotypes facilitate it
• Negative teacher behavior toward a student predicts peers' disliking of that student via peers' perceptions of the teacher's disliking, in a longitudinal mediation model - Negative teacher behavior toward a student predicts peers' disliking of that student via peers' perceptions of the teacher's disliking, in a longitudinal mediation model
• Negative-activating emotions show small positive associations with political learning in both cross-sectional and experimental designs - Negative-activating emotions show small positive associations with political learning in both cross-sectional and experimental designs
• Negative-deactivating emotions show no association with political learning, but the evidence base is very small - Negative-deactivating emotions show no association with political learning, but the evidence base is very small
• Negotiated interaction yields higher moment-to-moment comprehension of L2 input than either noninteraction condition, which do not differ from each other - Negotiated interaction yields higher moment-to-moment comprehension of L2 input than either noninteraction condition, which do not differ from each other
• Neighborhood context is a transient ecological setting, with many families moving between neighborhood disadvantage quintiles during childhood - Neighborhood context is a transient ecological setting, with many families moving between neighborhood disadvantage quintiles during childhood
• Neighborhood crime rates differ dramatically between elementary schools students rate as safest and least safe - Neighborhood crime rates differ dramatically between elementary schools students rate as safest and least safe
• Neighborhood effects on graduation appear to operate in part through neighborhood effects on parents (time-varying family characteristics) - Neighborhood effects on graduation appear to operate in part through neighborhood effects on parents (time-varying family characteristics)
• Neighborhood poverty concentration and parental press for academic achievement each had negative effects on students' civic commitments - Neighborhood poverty concentration and parental press for academic achievement each had negative effects on students' civic commitments
• Neighborhoods participating in regional school integration programs tend to be more demographically stable, the report reports citing prior research - Neighborhoods participating in regional school integration programs tend to be more demographically stable, the report reports citing prior research
• Neither a group awareness tool alone nor combined with adaptive prompts significantly changed the equality of participation in university online collaboration - Neither a group awareness tool alone nor combined with adaptive prompts significantly changed the equality of participation in university online collaboration
• Neither blood circulation nor diffusion has an inherent correct ontology; predicates from both direct and emergent process categories apply to each - Neither blood circulation nor diffusion has an inherent correct ontology; predicates from both direct and emergent process categories apply to each
• Neither cognitive ability, curiosity, nor epistemic behavior significantly predicts tertiary academic performance in the heterogeneous sample - Neither cognitive ability, curiosity, nor epistemic behavior significantly predicts tertiary academic performance in the heterogeneous sample
• Neither content-specific nor generic support during feedback reception shows significant effects on feedback reception quality or subject-matter-related knowledge, but the evidence base is too small to interpret - Neither content-specific nor generic support during feedback reception shows significant effects on feedback reception quality or subject-matter-related knowledge, but the evidence base is too small t
• Neither diary-keeping nor diary-plus-instruction improved university students' academic performance - Neither diary-keeping nor diary-plus-instruction improved university students' academic performance
• Neither disfluency nor distinctiveness affected memory across three experiments with alien-list stimuli - Neither disfluency nor distinctiveness affected memory across three experiments with alien-list stimuli
• Neither ecological theory nor CHAT alone fully captures ethical AI use in education - Neither ecological theory nor CHAT alone fully captures ethical AI use in education
• Neither feedback mode produced differential improvements in syntactic complexity; a general time effect appeared only in the first task - Neither feedback mode produced differential improvements in syntactic complexity; a general time effect appeared only in the first task
• Neither first-grade whole number magnitude nor arithmetic knowledge uniquely predicted eighth-grade reading achievement - Neither first-grade whole number magnitude nor arithmetic knowledge uniquely predicted eighth-grade reading achievement
• Neither GenAI intervention outperformed standard ChatGPT control on effort, domain-specific knowledge, or elaboration-based strategy use - Neither GenAI intervention outperformed standard ChatGPT control on effort, domain-specific knowledge, or elaboration-based strategy use
• Neither global nor local drawing support increased drawing quality, and local support significantly decreased it relative to unsupported drawing - Neither global nor local drawing support increased drawing quality, and local support significantly decreased it relative to unsupported drawing
• Neither grade level nor outcome type significantly moderates the effects of Spanish reading programs - Neither grade level nor outcome type significantly moderates the effects of Spanish reading programs
• Neither group showed a significant decline from post-test to retention test on NOS or SK measures - Neither group showed a significant decline from post-test to retention test on NOS or SK measures
• Neither immersion nor interactivity produced significant effects on transfer measures - Neither immersion nor interactivity produced significant effects on transfer measures
• Neither instructional sequence produced significant far-transfer effects in either experiment - Neither instructional sequence produced significant far-transfer effects in either experiment
• Neither intervention changes pre-service teachers' self-reported reliance on experience-based knowledge when analysing classroom situations - Neither intervention changes pre-service teachers' self-reported reliance on experience-based knowledge when analysing classroom situations
• Neither IQ nor WMC significantly predicted early mathematics when both were in the same model, explaining only about 5% of variance - Neither IQ nor WMC significantly predicted early mathematics when both were in the same model, explaining only about 5% of variance
• Neither IRAT nor TRAT distinguishes itself in correlation with module high scores, with isolated significant correlations on difficult topics - Neither IRAT nor TRAT distinguishes itself in correlation with module high scores, with isolated significant correlations on difficult topics
• Neither LLM nor human coders showed systematic over- or under-estimation in extracting data from educational meta-analyses - Neither LLM nor human coders showed systematic over- or under-estimation in extracting data from educational meta-analyses
• Neither monitoring feedback nor performance feedback improved kindergarteners' monitoring accuracy relative to an active control - Neither monitoring feedback nor performance feedback improved kindergarteners' monitoring accuracy relative to an active control
• Neither muscle mass nor weekly training frequency is associated with reaction time across cue conditions in healthy male high-school students - Neither muscle mass nor weekly training frequency is associated with reaction time across cue conditions in healthy male high-school students
• Neither numerical training significantly improves Arabic number comparison performance - Neither numerical training significantly improves Arabic number comparison performance
• Neither numerosity processing nor figure matching predicts general mathematical achievement - Neither numerosity processing nor figure matching predicts general mathematical achievement
• Neither physiological arousal nor physiological synchrony predicts equality of participation in monitoring interactions - Neither physiological arousal nor physiological synchrony predicts equality of participation in monitoring interactions
• Neither promotion nor retention significantly closed the achievement gap of low-achieving students close to the cutoff, and the lowest achievers deteriorated further - Neither promotion nor retention significantly closed the achievement gap of low-achieving students close to the cutoff, and the lowest achievers deteriorated further
• Neither rereading nor self-explanation changed comprehension test performance itself; effects were specific to monitoring accuracy - Neither rereading nor self-explanation changed comprehension test performance itself; effects were specific to monitoring accuracy
• Neither scaffold significantly improves pre-service teachers' EIR application skills - Neither scaffold significantly improves pre-service teachers' EIR application skills
• Neither self-efficacy nor course type statistically predicted students' decisions to continue ChatGPT feedback conversations - Neither self-efficacy nor course type statistically predicted students' decisions to continue ChatGPT feedback conversations
• Neither self-report nor eye tracking can reliably distinguish strategic from habituated behavior in empirical practice - Neither self-report nor eye tracking can reliably distinguish strategic from habituated behavior in empirical practice
• Neither textual change significantly improves recall of low-level idea units, contradicting the recall hypothesis - Neither textual change significantly improves recall of low-level idea units, contradicting the recall hypothesis
• Neither the expert educational psychologist alone nor the expert empirical teacher alone can solve the problems of method; a combination is needed - Neither the expert educational psychologist alone nor the expert empirical teacher alone can solve the problems of method; a combination is needed
• Neither the external collaboration script nor the reflection scaffold increased the quality of interaction in the subsequent (testing-phase) collaboration - Neither the external collaboration script nor the reflection scaffold increased the quality of interaction in the subsequent (testing-phase) collaboration
• Neither the hopes of voucher and charter supporters nor the fears of skeptics have been realized, per the authors' synthesis - Neither the hopes of voucher and charter supporters nor the fears of skeptics have been realized, per the authors' synthesis
• Neither the initial level nor the decline of fathers' growth mindset significantly predicted children's growth mindset development - Neither the initial level nor the decline of fathers' growth mindset significantly predicted children's growth mindset development
• Neither the quantity nor the quality of PF students' own solution attempts correlated with their conceptual knowledge acquisition - Neither the quantity nor the quality of PF students' own solution attempts correlated with their conceptual knowledge acquisition
• Neither the VR application nor the traditional lesson produced a significant positive change in pro-environmental attitudes - Neither the VR application nor the traditional lesson produced a significant positive change in pro-environmental attitudes
• Neither timing nor learning activity produced significant transfer effects in either experiment - Neither timing nor learning activity produced significant transfer effects in either experiment
• Neither treatment nor typical-practice students with severe reading difficulties demonstrated significant standard-score growth over the 13-week study - Neither treatment nor typical-practice students with severe reading difficulties demonstrated significant standard-score growth over the 13-week study
• Neither tutoring mode nor human tutor access affects learners' use of conceptual help tools - Neither tutoring mode nor human tutor access affects learners' use of conceptual help tools
• Neither URM status nor first-generation status moderates the intervention effects on retrieval practice outcomes - Neither URM status nor first-generation status moderates the intervention effects on retrieval practice outcomes
• Neither youth nor loom alone drove the algorithmic production and fabric output; both actively produced it collaboratively - Neither youth nor loom alone drove the algorithmic production and fabric output; both actively produced it collaboratively
• NELS indicators of math skills, work habits, leadership, teamwork and sports-related skills, and locus of control are related to postsecondary earnings and to the likelihood of attending and completing postsecondary education - NELS indicators of math skills, work habits, leadership, teamwork and sports-related skills, and locus of control are related to postsecondary earnings and to the likelihood of attending and completin
• Neoliberal discourse recommends market practices in education, which reviewed research links to class privilege and reduced democratic opportunities - Neoliberal discourse recommends market practices in education, which reviewed research links to class privilege and reduced democratic opportunities
• Net change detection accuracy does not differ significantly between children and adults - Net change detection accuracy does not differ significantly between children and adults
• Network cohesion in NSI increased over time but remained low, with about 16 percent of possible school-to-school connections realized - Network cohesion in NSI increased over time but remained low, with about 16 percent of possible school-to-school connections realized
• Network learning spread beyond the network through a website, conference presentations, school and district sharing, and AIR-led professional learning communities - Network learning spread beyond the network through a website, conference presentations, school and district sharing, and AIR-led professional learning communities
• Network measurement in undergraduate SNA research shows little consistency even when research questions overlap - Network measurement in undergraduate SNA research shows little consistency even when research questions overlap
• Network participation faced challenges of teacher time, resources, and fragmentation, with about 40 percent of principals reporting few useful resources - Network participation faced challenges of teacher time, resources, and fragmentation, with about 40 percent of principals reporting few useful resources
• Networking opportunities were the most valued feature of the network, with 20 of 24 interviewed teachers crediting them as playing the greatest role in changing their instruction - Networking opportunities were the most valued feature of the network, with 20 of 24 interviewed teachers crediting them as playing the greatest role in changing their instruction
• Networks and professional learning communities of practicing principals support sharing best practices and problem solving on the job - Networks and professional learning communities of practicing principals support sharing best practices and problem solving on the job
• Neural audience effects do not correlate with behavioural audience effects or resistance-to-peer-influence scores - Neural audience effects do not correlate with behavioural audience effects or resistance-to-peer-influence scores
• Neural change during spatial scanning predicts verbal reasoning transfer better than traditional performance-based assessments, and best prediction combines both - Neural change during spatial scanning predicts verbal reasoning transfer better than traditional performance-based assessments, and best prediction combines both
• Neural coding of consonants in noise strongly predicts phonological processing in 4-year-old pre-readers over and above demographic factors - Neural coding of consonants in noise strongly predicts phonological processing in 4-year-old pre-readers over and above demographic factors
• Neural network models predicted students' writing performance groups with 94–100% accuracy from self-regulation characteristics - Neural network models predicted students' writing performance groups with 94–100% accuracy from self-regulation characteristics
• Neural networks on linguistic features classify Key Stages poorly, with deeper networks performing worse; the best (one hidden layer, 175 ReLU) reached F1 = 0.392 - Neural networks on linguistic features classify Key Stages poorly, with deeper networks performing worse; the best (one hidden layer, 175 ReLU) reached F1 = 0.392
• Neural ratio sensitivity in parietal cortex, including bilateral IPS, increases with development from childhood into adulthood - Neural ratio sensitivity in parietal cortex, including bilateral IPS, increases with development from childhood into adulthood
• Neural variability and flexibility may underlie cognitive flexibility, with an optimal level required across the lifespan - Neural variability and flexibility may underlie cognitive flexibility, with an optimal level required across the lifespan
• Neurodivergent computing students feel most comfortable with student-formed teams, then instructor-assigned teams, and lastly randomly-assigned teams - Neurodivergent computing students feel most comfortable with student-formed teams, then instructor-assigned teams, and lastly randomly-assigned teams
• Neurodivergent students cope with collaborative active learning discomfort by self-selecting roles and explicitly disclosing access needs - Neurodivergent students cope with collaborative active learning discomfort by self-selecting roles and explicitly disclosing access needs
• Neurodivergent students feel most comfortable in teams with defined roles rather than no specific roles - Neurodivergent students feel most comfortable in teams with defined roles rather than no specific roles
• Neurodivergent students prefer teams of 3–5 students while neurotypical students most prefer teams of 2 - Neurodivergent students prefer teams of 3–5 students while neurotypical students most prefer teams of 2
• Neurodivergent students' comfort is highest for fully structured assignments and lowest for assignments with no structure - Neurodivergent students' comfort is highest for fully structured assignments and lowest for assignments with no structure
• Neuroimaging shows adults with DD exhibit stronger frontal activations during number semantics, reduced right parietal grey matter, and altered functional connectivity during non-symbolic magnitude comparison - Neuroimaging shows adults with DD exhibit stronger frontal activations during number semantics, reduced right parietal grey matter, and altered functional connectivity during non-symbolic magnitude co
• Neurotic, psychopathic and delinquent groups show no consistent excess of scattering, and great scattering cannot be elevated to a pathognomonic sign of psychopathy - Neurotic, psychopathic and delinquent groups show no consistent excess of scattering, and great scattering cannot be elevated to a pathognomonic sign of psychopathy
• Neuroticism and disengagement coping are the strongest negative predictors of teacher wellbeing - Neuroticism and disengagement coping are the strongest negative predictors of teacher wellbeing
• Neuroticism correlates negatively with achievement overall, most strongly with STEM test scores - Neuroticism correlates negatively with achievement overall, most strongly with STEM test scores
• Nevada's refined instructional materials review process addresses prior problems of unclear, non-standard, and inequitable review, including rural districts' obstacles to participation - Nevada's refined instructional materials review process addresses prior problems of unclear, non-standard, and inequitable review, including rural districts' obstacles to participation
• Never being expelled in high school was a substantially stronger predictor of college enrollment for Hispanic, English learner, older-entry, and town/rural students than for their counterparts - Never being expelled in high school was a substantially stronger predictor of college enrollment for Hispanic, English learner, older-entry, and town/rural students than for their counterparts
• New adaptations in skill learning were made unintentionally and required intense, carefully applied effort under favorable conditions - New adaptations in skill learning were made unintentionally and required intense, carefully applied effort under favorable conditions
• New and old fit statistics are highly correlated after difficulty adjustment, with outfit correlations near 0.99 for Mathematics and infit correlations around 0.7 for Mathematics and mid-to-high 0.8–0.9 for Reading - New and old fit statistics are highly correlated after difficulty adjustment, with outfit correlations near 0.99 for Mathematics and infit correlations around 0.7 for Mathematics and mid-to-high 0.8–0
• New and old fit statistics are moderately correlated, with Pearson coefficients mostly between 0.50 and 0.79 - New and old fit statistics are moderately correlated, with Pearson coefficients mostly between 0.50 and 0.79
• New baseline data are needed to support instructional planning for individual students and student groups after disrupted schooling - New baseline data are needed to support instructional planning for individual students and student groups after disrupted schooling
• New California credentials stagnated at about 11,500 per year while estimated annual hires exceeded 20,000, so demand far outpaced supply - New California credentials stagnated at about 11,500 per year while estimated annual hires exceeded 20,000, so demand far outpaced supply
• New Chance produced a statistically significant increase in the likelihood of earning a high school diploma or GED certificate - New Chance produced a statistically significant increase in the likelihood of earning a high school diploma or GED certificate
• New Chance's completion effect came entirely from GED receipt, with a small negative effect on earning a high school diploma - New Chance's completion effect came entirely from GED receipt, with a small negative effect on earning a high school diploma
• New facts related to students' prior disciplinary knowledge are better remembered after 24 hours than schema-unrelated facts - New facts related to students' prior disciplinary knowledge are better remembered after 24 hours than schema-unrelated facts
• New Jersey's Abbott P-3 credential mandate, with scholarships, pay parity, and expanded higher education capacity, rapidly raised credentialed preschool teacher supply - New Jersey's Abbott P-3 credential mandate, with scholarships, pay parity, and expanded higher education capacity, rapidly raised credentialed preschool teacher supply
• New Jersey's share of children served in non-LEA settings is declining as state preschool enrollment grows because newly expanding LEAs are not mandated to subcontract - New Jersey's share of children served in non-LEA settings is declining as state preschool enrollment grows because newly expanding LEAs are not mandated to subcontract
• New Mexico charter elementary and middle school students show reading surpluses over TPS virtual twins, while high and multi-level charter students grow similarly - New Mexico charter elementary and middle school students show reading surpluses over TPS virtual twins, while high and multi-level charter students grow similarly
• New Mexico charter school students make similar one-year growth in reading and math as their traditional public school virtual twins - New Mexico charter school students make similar one-year growth in reading and math as their traditional public school virtual twins
• New Mexico charter schools' relative performance improved across CREDO's 2009, 2013, and 2019 studies, though the comparison is only suggestive - New Mexico charter schools' relative performance improved across CREDO's 2009, 2013, and 2019 studies, though the comparison is only suggestive
• New Mexico charter students' reading advantage emerges in the third year of enrollment, while math growth does not differ by years enrolled - New Mexico charter students' reading advantage emerges in the third year of enrollment, while math growth does not differ by years enrolled
• New Mexico CTE enrollment shows breadth over depth and demographic underrepresentation, with females only 19% of STEM CTE enrollment versus 49% of the total population - New Mexico CTE enrollment shows breadth over depth and demographic underrepresentation, with females only 19% of STEM CTE enrollment versus 49% of the total population
• New Mexico LESC study: community schools operating more than 5 years with full pillar implementation showed better-than-average achievement growth - New Mexico LESC study: community schools operating more than 5 years with full pillar implementation showed better-than-average achievement growth
• New Mexico's K–3 Plus evaluation found faithful implementation raised proficiency, with the largest gains for low-income students - New Mexico's K–3 Plus evaluation found faithful implementation raised proficiency, with the largest gains for low-income students
• New network nodes were developed through field-based activities such as regional councils and faculty work groups - New network nodes were developed through field-based activities such as regional councils and faculty work groups
• New principals' math achievement gains followed a similar trend to reading but were smaller - New principals' math achievement gains followed a similar trend to reading but were smaller
• New programs increased training for leading special student populations, but sufficiency across all contexts remains debated - New programs increased training for leading special student populations, but sufficiency across all contexts remains debated
• New research examined academic growth trends of students with disabilities in special education during the school year compared to the summer before the pandemic - New research examined academic growth trends of students with disabilities in special education during the school year compared to the summer before the pandemic
• New research tracked academic growth trajectories of students who are deaf or hard of hearing across grades 2-8 - New research tracked academic growth trajectories of students who are deaf or hard of hearing across grades 2-8
• New teachers introduced to Knowledge Forum first tended to use it for teacher-directed instruction rather than collaborative knowledge building - New teachers introduced to Knowledge Forum first tended to use it for teacher-directed instruction rather than collaborative knowledge building
• New teachers who receive little mentoring are twice as likely to leave the classroom as well-mentored beginners - New teachers who receive little mentoring are twice as likely to leave the classroom as well-mentored beginners
• New technologies excite creative pedagogical ideas but are rarely designed with teaching and learning in mind - New technologies excite creative pedagogical ideas but are rarely designed with teaching and learning in mind
• New Wikipedia knowledge emerges around pivotal articles: high-centrality articles within domains and high-betweenness boundary-spanning articles between domains - New Wikipedia knowledge emerges around pivotal articles: high-centrality articles within domains and high-betweenness boundary-spanning articles between domains
• New York charter schools kept students connected during closure through community events, multi-channel communication, and existing structures, with about two-thirds taking above-and-beyond steps for inactive students - New York charter schools kept students connected during closure through community events, multi-channel communication, and existing structures, with about two-thirds taking above-and-beyond steps for
• New York students showed positive achievement and growth results under the APPR evaluation system - New York students showed positive achievement and growth results under the APPR evaluation system
• Newark charter school ELL students showed markedly above-state-average growth in both subjects in 2018-19 - Newark charter school ELL students showed markedly above-state-average growth in both subjects in 2018-19
• Newark charter school students in poverty outgrew both the state poverty average and Newark district students in poverty in reading, and the state average in math - Newark charter school students in poverty outgrew both the state poverty average and Newark district students in poverty in reading, and the state average in math
• Newark charter school students outgrew similar Newark district school students in reading but not significantly in math in 2018-19 - Newark charter school students outgrew similar Newark district school students in reading but not significantly in math in 2018-19
• Newark charter school students outgrew the state average in both reading and math in 2018-19 - Newark charter school students outgrew the state average in both reading and math in 2018-19
• Newark CMO-affiliated charters outgrew the state average in both subjects, while independent charters did so only in math - Newark CMO-affiliated charters outgrew the state average in both subjects, while independent charters did so only in math
• Newark magnet school special education students showed large above-state-average math growth in 2018-19 - Newark magnet school special education students showed large above-state-average math growth in 2018-19
• Newcomer EL students using BrainPOP ESL showed no statistically significant Lexile growth, and results lacked a comparison group - Newcomer EL students using BrainPOP ESL showed no statistically significant Lexile growth, and results lacked a comparison group
• Newell's complex systems theory of interdisciplinarity fails to explain integration, as its critics and Newell himself acknowledge - Newell's complex systems theory of interdisciplinarity fails to explain integration, as its critics and Newell himself acknowledge
• Newer LLM generations do not consistently agree better with human essay graders - Newer LLM generations do not consistently agree better with human essay graders
• Newer LLM generations such as GPT-4 generally outperform GPT-3.5 in short-answer grading accuracy, but this advantage is not consistent across all tasks and domains - Newer LLM generations such as GPT-4 generally outperform GPT-3.5 in short-answer grading accuracy, but this advantage is not consistent across all tasks and domains
• Newer teachers (0-3 years) hold more positive views of TPE than veteran teachers (10+ years) - Newer teachers (0-3 years) hold more positive views of TPE than veteran teachers (10+ years)
• Newly hired Texas teachers with standard or intern certificates declined sharply over the past decade while uncertified new hires became the largest category - Newly hired Texas teachers with standard or intern certificates declined sharply over the past decade while uncertified new hires became the largest category
• Next-turn recovery from impasses declines steadily as impasse depth increases, with help-seeking impasses declining most sharply - Next-turn recovery from impasses declines steadily as impasse depth increases, with help-seeking impasses declining most sharply
• NF4 4-bit quantization reduces VRAM usage by 38.7% for Qwen-7B and 37.9% for DeepSeek-MoE while maintaining practical response times - NF4 4-bit quantization reduces VRAM usage by 38.7% for Qwen-7B and 37.9% for DeepSeek-MoE while maintaining practical response times
• NGI did not appear to divert students from learning objectives; attention momentarily shifted but quickly returned to gameplay - NGI did not appear to divert students from learning objectives; attention momentarily shifted but quickly returned to gameplay
• NGI functioned as a mechanism for emotional coordination, restoring individual members' affective states through shared laughter - NGI functioned as a mechanism for emotional coordination, restoring individual members' affective states through shared laughter
• NHES-based estimates of homeschooling grew from 1.4% of U.S. schoolchildren in 1996 to 3.4% (about 1,773,000 children) in 2012 - NHES-based estimates of homeschooling grew from 1.4% of U.S.
• NIG-head predictive uncertainty is dominated by epistemic uncertainty and shows negligible correlation with the absolute engagement score (Pearson r 0.016 aleatoric, 0.025 epistemic) - NIG-head predictive uncertainty is dominated by epistemic uncertainty and shows negligible correlation with the absolute engagement score (Pearson r 0.016 aleatoric, 0.025 epistemic)
• NIH spends millions of dollars annually on scholarships for disadvantaged undergraduate science students - NIH spends millions of dollars annually on scholarships for disadvantaged undergraduate science students
• NIH Undergraduate Scholarship Program scholars progress toward biomedical research careers at substantially higher rates than finalists who were not awarded scholarships - NIH Undergraduate Scholarship Program scholars progress toward biomedical research careers at substantially higher rates than finalists who were not awarded scholarships
• Nine of the ten SRL-O subscales showed internal consistency above 0.70, with study environment lower (omega = 0.665) - Nine of the ten SRL-O subscales showed internal consistency above 0.70, with study environment lower (omega = 0.665)
• Nine out of ten U.S. parents want their children to learn coding at school - Nine out of ten U.S.
• Ninety percent of responding completers rated their preparation program effective or very effective and felt at least adequately prepared across all teaching performance expectation domains - Ninety percent of responding completers rated their preparation program effective or very effective and felt at least adequately prepared across all teaching performance expectation domains
• Ninety-five Chicago elementary schools showed substantial improvement in academic productivity, accumulating an extra half year of learning in reading and over 1.25 years in mathematics over eight grades - Ninety-five Chicago elementary schools showed substantial improvement in academic productivity, accumulating an extra half year of learning in reading and over 1.25 years in mathematics over eight gra
• Ninth grade algebra students solve verbally presented problems better than symbolically presented problems - Ninth grade algebra students solve verbally presented problems better than symbolically presented problems
• Ninth grade attendance problems begin early in the year and generally worsen, with 89 percent of first-semester extreme truants ending the year at similar or worse levels - Ninth grade attendance problems begin early in the year and generally worsen, with 89 percent of first-semester extreme truants ending the year at similar or worse levels
• Ninth grade GPAs are the single most predictive indicator of high school graduation, college enrollment, and degree completion for all English Learner groups - Ninth grade GPAs are the single most predictive indicator of high school graduation, college enrollment, and degree completion for all English Learner groups
• Ninth grade marked a turning point where transitory motivation trajectories reversed direction, and these inconsistent trajectories were associated with lower AP enrollment and science performance - Ninth grade marked a turning point where transitory motivation trajectories reversed direction, and these inconsistent trajectories were associated with lower AP enrollment and science performance
• Ninth grade truancy rates do not differ much by gender, undercutting the hypothesis that gang activity primarily drives absenteeism - Ninth grade truancy rates do not differ much by gender, undercutting the hypothesis that gang activity primarily drives absenteeism
• Ninth graders in a five-week symbolism module increased their participation and facility with literary interpretation practices - Ninth graders in a five-week symbolism module increased their participation and facility with literary interpretation practices
• Ninth graders using Knowledge Forum with portfolios and knowledge-building principles showed higher database inquiry participation than the Knowledge Forum-only class - Ninth graders using Knowledge Forum with portfolios and knowledge-building principles showed higher database inquiry participation than the Knowledge Forum-only class
• Ninth graders who fail Algebra I are demographically similar to those who pass, but are more likely to be male and African American - Ninth graders who fail Algebra I are demographically similar to those who pass, but are more likely to be male and African American
• Ninth-grade course failure rates varied substantially across CPS high schools even after controlling for demographics and prior achievement, and student-teacher relationship measures were associated with better-than-expected Freshman OnTrack rates - Ninth-grade course failure rates varied substantially across CPS high schools even after controlling for demographics and prior achievement, and student-teacher relationship measures were associated w
• Ninth-grade early warning systems around course grades and attendance led to substantial improvements in grades, graduation rates, and test-measured learning gains - Ninth-grade early warning systems around course grades and attendance led to substantial improvements in grades, graduation rates, and test-measured learning gains
• Ninth-grade enrollment in school types differed by community-area racial/ethnic makeup: 22 of 30 majority-Black areas had at least 25 percent of ninth-graders in charter schools, and no majority-Latinx area had a quarter in selective enrollment - Ninth-grade enrollment in school types differed by community-area racial/ethnic makeup: 22 of 30 majority-Black areas had at least 25 percent of ninth-graders in charter schools, and no majority-Latin
• Ninth-grade enrollment overall and by school type and accountability rating stayed relatively stable after GoCPS implementation - Ninth-grade enrollment overall and by school type and accountability rating stayed relatively stable after GoCPS implementation
• Ninth-grade GPA predicts beginning-of-tenth-grade PLAN scores even after controlling for eighth-grade test scores, suggesting grades reflect new learning - Ninth-grade GPA predicts beginning-of-tenth-grade PLAN scores even after controlling for eighth-grade test scores, suggesting grades reflect new learning
• Ninth-grade GPA predicts college enrollment and one-year college persistence in linear, incremental patterns - Ninth-grade GPA predicts college enrollment and one-year college persistence in linear, incremental patterns
• Ninth-grade GPA strongly predicts on-time high school graduation, with an especially large gap between F and D students - Ninth-grade GPA strongly predicts on-time high school graduation, with an especially large gap between F and D students
• Ninth-grade GPAs varied substantially by gender, race/ethnicity, neighborhood SES, incoming test scores, course level, and school - Ninth-grade GPAs varied substantially by gender, race/ethnicity, neighborhood SES, incoming test scores, course level, and school
• Ninth-grade math teachers on average weighted assessments most heavily (57%), assignments next (36%), and behavior little (7%) - Ninth-grade math teachers on average weighted assessments most heavily (57%), assignments next (36%), and behavior little (7%)
• Ninth-grade on-track ELL students in Chicago were up to 3.5 times more likely to graduate than off-track students - Ninth-grade on-track ELL students in Chicago were up to 3.5 times more likely to graduate than off-track students
• Ninth-grade on-track NSI positively affected GPA, core course pass rates, and credit completion after schools' second year of participation - Ninth-grade on-track NSI positively affected GPA, core course pass rates, and credit completion after schools' second year of participation
• Ninth-grade on-track status (at least five credits and no more than one semester F) makes students almost four times more likely to graduate - Ninth-grade on-track status (at least five credits and no more than one semester F) makes students almost four times more likely to graduate
• Ninth-grade on-track status predicts graduation more strongly than prior achievement, with a 55 percentage point gap after controls - Ninth-grade on-track status predicts graduation more strongly than prior achievement, with a 55 percentage point gap after controls
• Ninth-grade students in a Productive Failure design scored significantly higher than Direct Instruction students on complex systems explanatory knowledge about climate - Ninth-grade students in a Productive Failure design scored significantly higher than Direct Instruction students on complex systems explanatory knowledge about climate
• Ninth-grade teachers report less communication with and academic support for parents than eighth-grade teachers - Ninth-grade teachers report less communication with and academic support for parents than eighth-grade teachers
• Ninth-grade teachers vary substantially and systematically in the grades they give - Ninth-grade teachers vary substantially and systematically in the grades they give
• Ninth-grade teachers' grade effects are stable across years - Ninth-grade teachers' grade effects are stable across years
• NISL-trained principals' schools outperformed comparable non-NISL schools in student achievement over a 4-year period - NISL-trained principals' schools outperformed comparable non-NISL schools in student achievement over a 4-year period
• NLC1 acted as one evenly participating group with no cliques, while NLC2 was initially directed by three central participants and did not operate as one group - NLC1 acted as one evenly participating group with no cliques, while NLC2 was initially directed by three central participants and did not operate as one group
• NLCI high school outcomes were lower than those of similar students at other CPS schools for most years of the initiative - NLCI high school outcomes were lower than those of similar students at other CPS schools for most years of the initiative
• NLI analysis reveals reference-based grading is limited: many semantically correct responses contradict reference answers - NLI analysis reveals reference-based grading is limited: many semantically correct responses contradict reference answers
• NLNS and UIC elementary schools rated more positively than non-program principal schools on several measures - NLNS and UIC elementary schools rated more positively than non-program principal schools on several measures
• NLP models classify factual (knowledge transmitter) learner questions well but face challenges distinguishing higher-order facilitator and co-learner questions - NLP models classify factual (knowledge transmitter) learner questions well but face challenges distinguishing higher-order facilitator and co-learner questions
• NLP models in LA studies typically reach moderate agreement (mean Cohen's kappa 0.54) and mean accuracy 0.79, with deep learning models outperforming others in most studies from 2021 onward - NLP models in LA studies typically reach moderate agreement (mean Cohen's kappa 0.54) and mean accuracy 0.79, with deep learning models outperforming others in most studies from 2021 onward
• NLP-based feedback generation for textual student answers in large courses reduced grading effort by up to 85% with high precision (reported from Bernius et al.) - NLP-based feedback generation for textual student answers in large courses reduced grading effort by up to 85% with high precision (reported from Bernius et al.)
• NLTS 2012 is the third in a series of federally sponsored studies of youth with disabilities under IDEA - NLTS 2012 is the third in a series of federally sponsored studies of youth with disabilities under IDEA
• NMT uptake in institutional legal translation is high (ca. 80%) but much lower among UK-based freelance translators (41%) - NMT uptake in institutional legal translation is high (ca.
• No achievement difference between staff- and peer-tutored groups in the first curriculum year - No achievement difference between staff- and peer-tutored groups in the first curriculum year
• No age difference in the strength of active–constructive connections in collaborative discourse networks - No age difference in the strength of active–constructive connections in collaborative discourse networks
• No age differences emerge in how threat and cognitive load interact on working memory accuracy or reaction time - No age differences emerge in how threat and cognitive load interact on working memory accuracy or reaction time
• No AI participants spent roughly 1.5 times as long on the assessment as AI-Assisted participants, descriptively reported as a marker of offloading - No AI participants spent roughly 1.5 times as long on the assessment as AI-Assisted participants, descriptively reported as a marker of offloading
• No assessed children reached the good or excellent levels for cognitive flexibility - No assessed children reached the good or excellent levels for cognitive flexibility
• No association between amount of teacher training coursework and classroom effectiveness - No association between amount of teacher training coursework and classroom effectiveness
• No association found between 2021/22 school climate scores and the amount of virtual and hybrid instruction in 2020/21 - No association found between 2021/22 school climate scores and the amount of virtual and hybrid instruction in 2020/21
• No association was found between open classroom climate and political knowledge in this Austrian vocational-school sample - No association was found between open classroom climate and political knowledge in this Austrian vocational-school sample
• No barrier is necessary and no barrier configuration is sufficient for low AI readiness (fsQCA null result) - No barrier is necessary and no barrier configuration is sufficient for low AI readiness (fsQCA null result)
• No behavioral measure of compliance with MetaTutor's stay-on-page and move-to-next-page prompts relates to learning gains - No behavioral measure of compliance with MetaTutor's stay-on-page and move-to-next-page prompts relates to learning gains
• No behavioural Audience × Age group interaction: the accuracy decrement was comparable in adolescents and adults - No behavioural Audience × Age group interaction: the accuracy decrement was comparable in adolescents and adults
• No bilingual advantage in executive control or working memory in Experiment 2 - No bilingual advantage in executive control or working memory in Experiment 2
• No classification method was significantly superior for predicting mathematics achievement - No classification method was significantly superior for predicting mathematics achievement
• No clear differential effects of morphology instruction by child factors: age, reading ability, SES, or linguistic background - No clear differential effects of morphology instruction by child factors: age, reading ability, SES, or linguistic background
• No clear effect of robot anthropomorphism on human autonomy or sense of agency emerges across reviewed studies - No clear effect of robot anthropomorphism on human autonomy or sense of agency emerges across reviewed studies
• No clear evidence that Medly's effect differed by Pupil Premium disadvantage status - No clear evidence that Medly's effect differed by Pupil Premium disadvantage status
• No clear pattern of cumulative, compensatory, or stable development emerged for either reading-related or math skills in this sample - No clear pattern of cumulative, compensatory, or stable development emerged for either reading-related or math skills in this sample
• No coded study characteristics moderated the emotion–political learning associations in Bayesian regularized meta-analysis - No coded study characteristics moderated the emotion–political learning associations in Bayesian regularized meta-analysis
• No cognitive test score is associated with decreased intrinsic academic motivation in elementary school students - No cognitive test score is associated with decreased intrinsic academic motivation in elementary school students
• No cohort-by-years-of-enrollment configuration shows statistically different learning gains from TPS - No cohort-by-years-of-enrollment configuration shows statistically different learning gains from TPS
• No comparable teacher-friendly instrument for assessing oracy existed before the Cambridge Oracy Assessment Toolkit - No comparable teacher-friendly instrument for assessing oracy existed before the Cambridge Oracy Assessment Toolkit
• No consistent relationship was observed between false-positive and false-negative rates and either the question or the LLM model - No consistent relationship was observed between false-positive and false-negative rates and either the question or the LLM model
• No correlation between an intervention's attitude effect and its achievement effect across studies - No correlation between an intervention's attitude effect and its achievement effect across studies
• No credible spacing or color cue effects on the BKT learning rate were observed in the perceptual-cue reanalysis - No credible spacing or color cue effects on the BKT learning rate were observed in the perceptual-cue reanalysis
• No cross-lag effects were observed between racial discrimination and private regard in the full sample - No cross-lag effects were observed between racial discrimination and private regard in the full sample
• No cross-lag effects were observed between racial discrimination and racial centrality over three years - No cross-lag effects were observed between racial discrimination and racial centrality over three years
• No cumulative benefit from participating in spatial activities in both childhood and adolescence - No cumulative benefit from participating in spatial activities in both childhood and adolescence
• No detectable effects of KIPP Atlanta Collegiate High School on overall credential completion during the study period - No detectable effects of KIPP Atlanta Collegiate High School on overall credential completion during the study period
• No detection threshold simultaneously keeps original flag rates, light-edit capture, and AI-pool false negatives low - No detection threshold simultaneously keeps original flag rates, light-edit capture, and AI-pool false negatives low
• No developing-region digital literacy framework in the review explicitly represents the copyright and licenses sub-competence - No developing-region digital literacy framework in the review explicitly represents the copyright and licenses sub-competence
• No difference between treatment and control groups on homework assistance or completion in the 21st Century Community Learning Centers evaluation - No difference between treatment and control groups on homework assistance or completion in the 21st Century Community Learning Centers evaluation
• No difference in extraneous cognitive load between modality conditions in VR, contrary to the modality principle - No difference in extraneous cognitive load between modality conditions in VR, contrary to the modality principle
• No difference in intrinsic cognitive load between visual-only and audio-visual text conditions in VR - No difference in intrinsic cognitive load between visual-only and audio-visual text conditions in VR
• No differences between student and staff tutors in focus on cooperation among group members - No differences between student and staff tutors in focus on cooperation among group members
• No differences in student learning gains found between LAUNCH or NLNS principals and comparable or veteran principals - No differences in student learning gains found between LAUNCH or NLNS principals and comparable or veteran principals
• No differences were found on mental effort during instruction or on transfer across illusion-of-control and instruction-method conditions - No differences were found on mental effort during instruction or on transfer across illusion-of-control and instruction-method conditions
• No differential effect of explicit instruction depending on the variable complexity - No differential effect of explicit instruction depending on the variable complexity
• No differential effect of explicit instruction depending on the variable morphology/syntax - No differential effect of explicit instruction depending on the variable morphology/syntax
• No dose-response effect: video benefits do not systematically increase with intervention length - No dose-response effect: video benefits do not systematically increase with intervention length
• No educator wellbeing initiative has been evaluated in multiple RCTs, so Level I evidence is unavailable - No educator wellbeing initiative has been evaluated in multiple RCTs, so Level I evidence is unavailable
• No effect of fading on productive learning events including self-explanations was found in Experiment 2's think-aloud analysis - No effect of fading on productive learning events including self-explanations was found in Experiment 2's think-aloud analysis
• No effects of reported planner or reviser scores were found on evaluating own text - No effects of reported planner or reviser scores were found on evaluating own text
• No eligible studies of collegiate recovery communities were identified, so there is no rigorous evidence on CRC effectiveness - No eligible studies of collegiate recovery communities were identified, so there is no rigorous evidence on CRC effectiveness
• No evaluated LLM tutor is reliably safe: every model exceeds 60% harm rate on at least five risk categories in single-turn and six in multi-turn evaluation - No evaluated LLM tutor is reliably safe: every model exceeds 60% harm rate on at least five risk categories in single-turn and six in multi-turn evaluation
• No evidence demonstrates unique, reliable, or EL-specific gains attributable to readers' theater alone - No evidence demonstrates unique, reliable, or EL-specific gains attributable to readers' theater alone
• No evidence for a curvilinear relationship between arousal and test performance - No evidence for a curvilinear relationship between arousal and test performance
• No evidence for a mapping between representational format and enhancement of a specific kind of understanding - No evidence for a mapping between representational format and enhancement of a specific kind of understanding
• No evidence for phase-crossover effects predicted by flexible models - No evidence for phase-crossover effects predicted by flexible models
• No evidence found that particular student groups are disadvantaged in oral versus written assessments - No evidence found that particular student groups are disadvantaged in oral versus written assessments
• No evidence of a significant decline in school climate scores between 2018/19 and 2021/22 in the Pennsylvania sample - No evidence of a significant decline in school climate scores between 2018/19 and 2021/22 in the Pennsylvania sample
• No evidence of dissemination bias was detected in the meta-analysis - No evidence of dissemination bias was detected in the meta-analysis
• No evidence of publication bias was detected in the pooled L2 gender-difference literature - No evidence of publication bias was detected in the pooled L2 gender-difference literature
• No evidence of publication bias was found in the achievement goal–dishonesty literature - No evidence of publication bias was found in the achievement goal–dishonesty literature
• No evidence that 300 minutes of daily instruction can be delivered within a 330-minute school day; a 360-400 minute day is needed - No evidence that 300 minutes of daily instruction can be delivered within a 330-minute school day; a 360-400 minute day is needed
• No evidence that COVID-19 learning deficits differ between primary and secondary students - No evidence that COVID-19 learning deficits differ between primary and secondary students
• No evidence that framing affected transfer of the surface area principle - No evidence that framing affected transfer of the surface area principle
• No evidence that learning effects differ by variety of player actions or by inclusion of additional nongame instruction - No evidence that learning effects differ by variety of player actions or by inclusion of additional nongame instruction
• No existing AI literacy framework explicitly names prompt construction as a competency - No existing AI literacy framework explicitly names prompt construction as a competency
• No existing corpus simultaneously provides L2 speech, long-form presentation structure, accent labels, and prosodic annotations - No existing corpus simultaneously provides L2 speech, long-form presentation structure, accent labels, and prosodic annotations
• No existing framework in the reviewed literature combined all identified inquiry phases and sub-phases, prompting development of a synthesized framework - No existing framework in the reviewed literature combined all identified inquiry phases and sub-phases, prompting development of a synthesized framework
• No existing online SRL questionnaire covers the breadth of motivational beliefs and learning strategies the SRL-O covers - No existing online SRL questionnaire covers the breadth of motivational beliefs and learning strategies the SRL-O covers
• No gender differences appeared in the academic achievement deficits of students with E/BD - No gender differences appeared in the academic achievement deficits of students with E/BD
• No gender differences emerged in the associations between family ethnic socialization and ethnic identity - No gender differences emerged in the associations between family ethnic socialization and ethnic identity
• No gender differences in writing self-efficacy were found in any included postsecondary study - No gender differences in writing self-efficacy were found in any included postsecondary study
• No general association found between a familiar situational narrative or the required operation and elementary schoolers' word problem-solving performance - No general association found between a familiar situational narrative or the required operation and elementary schoolers' word problem-solving performance
• No general fourth-grade slump in divergent thinking: Grade 4 shows a plateau relative to Grade 3 - No general fourth-grade slump in divergent thinking: Grade 4 shows a plateau relative to Grade 3
• No group difference in the quality of symbolic number representations between adults with dyscalculia and controls - No group difference in the quality of symbolic number representations between adults with dyscalculia and controls
• No group differences appear in self-regulation, strategies, or motivation across the four mathematics achievement groups - No group differences appear in self-regulation, strategies, or motivation across the four mathematics achievement groups
• No group differences on immediate posttests for either feedback type on either measure - No group differences on immediate posttests for either feedback type on either measure
• No group effects on learning and performance were found: a non-significant intra-group correlation - No group effects on learning and performance were found: a non-significant intra-group correlation
• No individual alphabetics outcome reached statistical significance in the WWC analysis - No individual alphabetics outcome reached statistical significance in the WWC analysis
• No individual support activity other than feedback on lesson plans significantly moderated the intervention effect - No individual support activity other than feedback on lesson plans significantly moderated the intervention effect
• No interaction between education or age and narrative codality on comprehension - No interaction between education or age and narrative codality on comprehension
• No interaction effect of executive functions and theory of mind on semantic fluency in preschool children - No interaction effect of executive functions and theory of mind on semantic fluency in preschool children
• No intervention benefits on source references in students' written conclusions (far transfer question) - No intervention benefits on source references in students' written conclusions (far transfer question)
• No intervention effect on directly observed on-task self-regulation in the musical play study - No intervention effect on directly observed on-task self-regulation in the musical play study
• No K–8 student profile showed balanced engagement across all four platform components - No K–8 student profile showed balanced engagement across all four platform components
• No macrostructure measure differs significantly between bilingual and monolingual children, while age improves story structure, internal state terms, comprehension, and aggregate scores but not structural complexity - No macrostructure measure differs significantly between bilingual and monolingual children, while age improves story structure, internal state terms, comprehension, and aggregate scores but not struct
• No meaningful differences in academic outcomes (graduation, dropout, ELA/math/alternative assessment proficiency) exist between single- and multidistrict SELPAs or between SELPA compositions - No meaningful differences in academic outcomes (graduation, dropout, ELA/math/alternative assessment proficiency) exist between single- and multidistrict SELPAs or between SELPA compositions
• No meaningful differences in characteristics, inclusion, or academic outcomes among midsized districts in SELPAs with versus without a large district - No meaningful differences in characteristics, inclusion, or academic outcomes among midsized districts in SELPAs with versus without a large district
• No media effect for process knowledge: animation did not improve learning of dynamic content - No media effect for process knowledge: animation did not improve learning of dynamic content
• No method of presenting true-false questions (oral, oral-and-visual, or visual) shows superiority in criterion correlation - No method of presenting true-false questions (oral, oral-and-visual, or visual) shows superiority in criterion correlation
• No moderator (education, effort measurement, wording, timing, task type, difficulty) significantly changed the model's paths - No moderator (education, effort measurement, wording, timing, task type, difficulty) significantly changed the model's paths
• No overall multimedia effect on problem-solving performance in vector calculus: graphs did not significantly improve correctness - No overall multimedia effect on problem-solving performance in vector calculus: graphs did not significantly improve correctness
• No profile distinguishes more severe, persistent, or specific MLD from less severe MLD on cognitive skills - No profile distinguishes more severe, persistent, or specific MLD from less severe MLD on cognitive skills
• No public GenAI policies were found for German universities and Tallinn University of Technology among the sampled institutions - No public GenAI policies were found for German universities and Tallinn University of Technology among the sampled institutions
• No publication bias is detected in the collected Covid-19 achievement estimates - No publication bias is detected in the collected Covid-19 achievement estimates
• No published research describes colleges using segmentation to improve student success, though authors and experts see promise in the approach - No published research describes colleges using segmentation to improve student success, though authors and experts see promise in the approach
• No quantitative evidence that the four-day school week improved student attendance - No quantitative evidence that the four-day school week improved student attendance
• No question among the sixty had zero difficulty; the easiest averaged 7.83, 7.62, and 7.23 - No question among the sixty had zero difficulty; the easiest averaged 7.83, 7.62, and 7.23
• No readily accessible sources of rigorous evidence exist for most ed-tech products - No readily accessible sources of rigorous evidence exist for most ed-tech products
• No relationship existed between elementary reading achievement gains and selection of a model with a scientific research base - No relationship existed between elementary reading achievement gains and selection of a model with a scientific research base
• No reliable moderation of depth effects by baseline knowledge, though simple slopes suggest an exploratory pattern - No reliable moderation of depth effects by baseline knowledge, though simple slopes suggest an exploratory pattern
• No research yet addresses the three-way interaction of learner aptitudes, characteristics of the target forms, and practice modalities - No research yet addresses the three-way interaction of learner aptitudes, characteristics of the target forms, and practice modalities
• No reviewed participatory design method satisfies all seven criteria for designing disruptive socio-technical systems - No reviewed participatory design method satisfies all seven criteria for designing disruptive socio-technical systems
• No reviewed study directly compared developmental-progression-guided math instruction with instruction not guided by a progression - No reviewed study directly compared developmental-progression-guided math instruction with instruction not guided by a progression