Claims: A 2

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A pedagogical gap separates 4E-informed learning science from the disembodied, individualised pedagogical assumptions encoded in current AI systems - A pedagogical gap separates 4E-informed learning science from the disembodied, individualised pedagogical assumptions encoded in current AI systems
A pedagogically informed Tutor Prompt yields higher Success@N and lower Telling@N than MathDial's Base Prompt in simulated tutor-student dialogues - A pedagogically informed Tutor Prompt yields higher Success@N and lower Telling@N than MathDial's Base Prompt in simulated tutor-student dialogues
A peer assessment-based game development approach promotes elementary students' learning achievement, learning motivation and problem-solving skills more than conventional game development - A peer assessment-based game development approach promotes elementary students' learning achievement, learning motivation and problem-solving skills more than conventional game development
A peer audience decreases accuracy in the complex relational integration condition in both adolescents and adults - A peer audience decreases accuracy in the complex relational integration condition in both adolescents and adults
A peer audience differentially modulates fronto-parietal activation by age: increased in adolescents, decreased in adults - A peer audience differentially modulates fronto-parietal activation by age: increased in adolescents, decreased in adults
A persistent agentic research environment sustained near-daily use over 115 days, with 75,671 de-duplicated telemetry records across 96 active days (active-day fraction 0.835) - A persistent agentic research environment sustained near-daily use over 115 days, with 75,671 de-duplicated telemetry records across 96 active days (active-day fraction 0.835)
A persistent theory-practice gap: students may develop conceptual AI understanding but lack opportunities to apply it in authentic contexts - A persistent theory-practice gap: students may develop conceptual AI understanding but lack opportunities to apply it in authentic contexts
A personal utility prompt in journal writing improves learning motivation and comprehension - A personal utility prompt in journal writing improves learning motivation and comprehension
A personalized ability signal increased the probability of participating in AP classes by 49 percentage points among surveyed students - A personalized ability signal increased the probability of participating in AP classes by 49 percentage points among surveyed students
A Philadelphia reform prohibiting out-of-school suspension for classroom disorder decreased classroom disorder suspensions among students suspended before the reform - A Philadelphia reform prohibiting out-of-school suspension for classroom disorder decreased classroom disorder suspensions among students suspended before the reform
A physics-education review reports one study (Ding et al. 2023) in which high-trust students agreed with ChatGPT's answers 100% of the time although those answers were 82% accurate - Students' trust in ChatGPT was not equivalent to its scientific accuracy: high-trust students agreed with responses 100% of the time despite 82% mean response accuracy
A pilot AIDA-supported induction course reached 354 new students and supported early-stage orientation, yet further development and upscaling of AIDA subsequently stalled - A pilot AIDA-supported induction course reached 354 new students and supported early-stage orientation, yet further development and upscaling of AIDA subsequently stalled
A pilot ethnic studies program in San Francisco high schools led to gains in attendance, grades, and credit accumulation - A pilot ethnic studies program in San Francisco high schools led to gains in attendance, grades, and credit accumulation
A pilot initiative partnered Mathematica and Catalyst:Ed with the Gates Foundation and nine K-12 education grantees to build strategic learning capacity from May 2020 to September 2021 - A pilot initiative partnered Mathematica and Catalyst:Ed with the Gates Foundation and nine K-12 education grantees to build strategic learning capacity from May 2020 to September 2021
A pilot study (N = 10) established timed-administration parameters, showing high internal consistency and minimal speededness for the SCS1 12-item subset - A pilot study (N = 10) established timed-administration parameters, showing high internal consistency and minimal speededness for the SCS1 12-item subset
A policy report's narrative review states that values affirmation reduced stereotype-threat effects among middle-school students, with higher academic performance for Black students up to 7–9 years later - A policy report's narrative review states that values affirmation reduced stereotype-threat effects among middle-school students, with higher academic performance for Black students up to 7–9 years la
A portfolio of eight math tutoring programs showed positive and meaningful average effects on student math knowledge, perceptions, and beliefs - A portfolio of eight math tutoring programs showed positive and meaningful average effects on student math knowledge, perceptions, and beliefs
A positive relation exists between the level of sophistication of epistemic belief profiles and socioeconomic status, with profile z-score ranges from -0.25 to 0.45 - A positive relation exists between the level of sophistication of epistemic belief profiles and socioeconomic status, with profile z-score ranges from -0.25 to 0.45
A positive relation exists between the level of sophistication of epistemic belief profiles and understanding of the control-of-variables strategy - A positive relation exists between the level of sophistication of epistemic belief profiles and understanding of the control-of-variables strategy
A positive school climate improves academic achievement and reduces the negative effects of poverty on achievement - A positive school climate improves academic achievement and reduces the negative effects of poverty on achievement
A possible mediating effect of teacher homework review practices was observed in the ASSISTments trial, but the planned mediation analysis failed to show an effect - A possible mediating effect of teacher homework review practices was observed in the ASSISTments trial, but the planned mediation analysis failed to show an effect
A post-hoc hybrid model combining Triple Code's three format-specific arithmetic factors with Encoding Complex's direct executive attention and language predictors fits best (CFI=.97) - A post-hoc hybrid model combining Triple Code's three format-specific arithmetic factors with Encoding Complex's direct executive attention and language predictors fits best (CFI=.97)
A postal follow-up of 850 non-returning freshmen corroborated the earlier findings, with lack of money again the most common first-ranked cause (54 of 108 replies) - A postal follow-up of 850 non-returning freshmen corroborated the earlier findings, with lack of money again the most common first-ranked cause (54 of 108 replies)
A posteriori three-group analysis found no significant difference between center-based and licensed home-based childcare on higher education enrollment - A posteriori three-group analysis found no significant difference between center-based and licensed home-based childcare on higher education enrollment
A practical, experiential course emphasis is the best predictor of effective research integrity training across learning outcomes - A practical, experiential course emphasis is the best predictor of effective research integrity training across learning outcomes
A practice article reports that the studies it cites found better post-test outcomes from words with relevant pictures than from words alone, especially with spoken words - A practice article reports that the studies it cites found better post-test outcomes from words with relevant pictures than from words alone, especially with spoken words
A practice brief reviewing self-regulation interventions reports substantial benefits of mindfulness programs for cognitive and emotional regulation, stress and mental health in adolescents and young adults - A practice brief reviewing self-regulation interventions reports substantial benefits of mindfulness programs for cognitive and emotional regulation, stress and mental health in adolescents and young
A practice-framework article reports, citing Boaler and Staples (2008), that students in heterogeneous mathematics classrooms learn more, enjoy mathematics more and reach higher understanding than in streamed settings - A practice-framework article reports, citing Boaler and Staples (2008), that students in heterogeneous mathematics classrooms learn more, enjoy mathematics more and reach higher understanding than in
A practice-framework article, quoting Johnston and Wildy (2016), reports that the literature generally finds attainment grouping (streaming) harms learning outcomes, while noting the research is contested - A practice-framework article, quoting Johnston and Wildy (2016), reports that the literature generally finds attainment grouping (streaming) harms learning outcomes, while noting the research is conte
A practitioner brief, citing Heritage (2009), reports that teachers who can identify a stage of student learning cannot necessarily identify the next instructional steps - A practitioner brief, citing Heritage (2009), reports that teachers who can identify a stage of student learning cannot necessarily identify the next instructional steps
A practitioner digest asserts, without cited studies, that no research evidence suggests older adults cannot succeed in learning another language - A practitioner digest asserts, without cited studies, that no research evidence suggests older adults cannot succeed in learning another language
A practitioner review reports a meta-analysis of causal coaching studies as finding positive effects of coaching on teachers' instructional practice and student achievement, though one contrasting study found coached teachers no more effective - A practitioner review reports a meta-analysis of causal coaching studies as finding positive effects of coaching on teachers' instructional practice and student achievement, though one contrasting stu
A pre-experiment cluster analysis identified b, f, g and p as the most graphomotor-difficult cursive consonants for 1st graders - A pre-experiment cluster analysis identified b, f, g and p as the most graphomotor-difficult cursive consonants for 1st graders
A pre-registered systematic review identified 41 mathematical assessments and 25 screeners evaluated for psychometric properties in children aged 0–8 years - A pre-registered systematic review identified 41 mathematical assessments and 25 screeners evaluated for psychometric properties in children aged 0–8 years
A pre-study confirmed learners could reliably distinguish the motions and arrangements used as response options in the main study - A pre-study confirmed learners could reliably distinguish the motions and arrangements used as response options in the main study
A prediction graphing activity revealed preschool children's classification thinking and misconceptions, which class discussion and pictures corrected - A prediction graphing activity revealed preschool children's classification thinking and misconceptions, which class discussion and pictures corrected
A predictive model built from school and child welfare data identifies students at risk of near-term academic problems - A predictive model built from school and child welfare data identifies students at risk of near-term academic problems
A predictive model built on school and child welfare data was assessed for identifying at-risk students in two Allegheny County education agencies - A predictive model built on school and child welfare data was assessed for identifying at-risk students in two Allegheny County education agencies
A prefer-harder problem-selection constraint reduces overpractice for the risk-averse strategy in the equation-solving dataset - A prefer-harder problem-selection constraint reduces overpractice for the risk-averse strategy in the equation-solving dataset
A preliminary iPad case study confirmed the creative potential of the elderly and tablets' potential to overcome ICT adoption challenges - A preliminary iPad case study confirmed the creative potential of the elderly and tablets' potential to overcome ICT adoption challenges
A preschool teacher's professional growth in guiding children's mathematical learning was identified in three areas: recognizing demonstrated understanding, using mathematical language, and systematic assessment - A preschool teacher's professional growth in guiding children's mathematical learning was identified in three areas: recognizing demonstrated understanding, using mathematical language, and systematic
A preservice secondary mathematics teacher's philosophy evolved subtly over a year, appending a 'deeper understanding' view to his original absolutist theory of mathematics - A preservice secondary mathematics teacher's philosophy evolved subtly over a year, appending a 'deeper understanding' view to his original absolutist theory of mathematics
A preservice teacher's self-perceived confidence and success with traditional mathematics inhibited reinterpreting his understanding of mathematics - A preservice teacher's self-perceived confidence and success with traditional mathematics inhibited reinterpreting his understanding of mathematics
A principal component analysis of the new cognitive load questionnaire yields a 15-item, three-component solution explaining 74.3% of total variance - A principal component analysis of the new cognitive load questionnaire yields a 15-item, three-component solution explaining 74.3% of total variance
A prior meta-analysis found only a small teacher personality–effectiveness relationship (r = .08), attributed to treating personality as unidimensional and pooling effectiveness measures - A prior meta-analysis found only a small teacher personality–effectiveness relationship (r = .08), attributed to treating personality as unidimensional and pooling effectiveness measures
A prior meta-analysis found tactical interventions significantly improved decision-making but not skill execution compared with technical approaches - A prior meta-analysis found tactical interventions significantly improved decision-making but not skill execution compared with technical approaches
A prior meta-analysis reports that embodied designs helped improve learning efficiency and academic performance in education, including language education - A prior meta-analysis reports that embodied designs helped improve learning efficiency and academic performance in education, including language education
A prior performance early warning system and a machine learning algorithm with same-percentage risk-score cutoffs are similarly accurate at identifying students who experience academic problems - A prior performance early warning system and a machine learning algorithm with same-percentage risk-score cutoffs are similarly accurate at identifying students who experience academic problems
A prior random-assignment evaluation found the BELL summer learning intervention effective - A prior random-assignment evaluation found the BELL summer learning intervention effective
A proactive PAL improves learners' recall of the agent's ideas more than a responsive PAL (d = 0.78) - A proactive PAL improves learners' recall of the agent's ideas more than a responsive PAL (d = 0.78)
A problem's primary physics concept predicts persistence, with energy can dissipate problems eliciting the most - A problem's primary physics concept predicts persistence, with energy can dissipate problems eliciting the most
A procedural "answer is coming" interpretation of the equals sign leads students to chain arithmetic and errors on missing-number equations - A procedural "answer is coming" interpretation of the equals sign leads students to chain arithmetic and errors on missing-number equations
A procedure- and data-focused evaluation approach is most likely to gain administrator and teacher support - A procedure- and data-focused evaluation approach is most likely to gain administrator and teacher support
A procedure- and data-focused evaluation approach may have the most positive effect on student achievement over time - A procedure- and data-focused evaluation approach may have the most positive effect on student achievement over time
A professional development masterclass produces a 24% overall improvement in educators' AI utilization competence with large effect sizes - A professional development masterclass produces a 24% overall improvement in educators' AI utilization competence with large effect sizes
A program-wide standard online course template heightens teaching presence and supports learner intentions in accelerated online courses - A program-wide standard online course template heightens teaching presence and supports learner intentions in accelerated online courses
A promising-ideas tool enabled children of about 8 years old to identify, communicate, respond to and build upon promising ideas in knowledge-building discourse - A promising-ideas tool enabled children of about 8 years old to identify, communicate, respond to and build upon promising ideas in knowledge-building discourse
A pronounced AI adaptation gap exists across university groups: students report higher current AI-use intensity and perceived usefulness than faculty and administrative staff, whereas staff report stronger academic integrity concerns and greater endorsement of responsible-use norms - A pronounced AI adaptation gap exists across university groups: students report higher current AI-use intensity and perceived usefulness than faculty and administrative staff, whereas staff report str
A pronounced drop in performance occurs at week 8 after the first exam in an area of law, which is attributed to cyclic drops in motivation - A pronounced drop in performance occurs at week 8 after the first exam in an area of law, which is attributed to cyclic drops in motivation
A proposed effort-guided adaptive test alleviates item difficulty mistargeting caused by unmotivated test taking, as shown by simulation - A proposed effort-guided adaptive test alleviates item difficulty mistargeting caused by unmotivated test taking, as shown by simulation
A proposed three-part process-evidence submission (deliverable, AI interaction logs, video reflection) shifts displacement upstream rather than eliminating it - A proposed three-part process-evidence submission (deliverable, AI interaction logs, video reflection) shifts displacement upstream rather than eliminating it
A QT-based literary intervention reduced teachers' monologic practices (teacher turns, turn allocation, test questions, evaluation) in small-group discussions - A QT-based literary intervention reduced teachers' monologic practices (teacher turns, turn allocation, test questions, evaluation) in small-group discussions
A qualitative case study of 17 GenAI adoption cases in a UK business school identified current integration practices along with associated benefits, challenges and influencing factors - A qualitative case study of 17 GenAI adoption cases in a UK business school identified current integration practices along with associated benefits, challenges and influencing factors
A qualitative case study shows LT-MKT jointly captures beneficial knowledge transfer and load-induced learning friction - A qualitative case study shows LT-MKT jointly captures beneficial knowledge transfer and load-induced learning friction
A qualitative study with 14 students found very positive perceived task-difficulty and user-experience assessments for the Nemo+nev environment - A qualitative study with 14 students found very positive perceived task-difficulty and user-experience assessments for the Nemo+nev environment
A quarter of first-year students reported their academic work was often or very often adversely affected by time spent on Facebook. - A quarter of first-year students reported their academic work was often or very often adversely affected by time spent on Facebook.
A quarter of students offered a free AI tutor never tried it once, making first-session adoption a deployment problem - A quarter of students offered a free AI tutor never tried it once, making first-session adoption a deployment problem
A quasi-experimental comparison of SI-PASS participants with non-volunteering enrolled students shows significantly higher exam performance, contrasting with the null RCT result - A quasi-experimental comparison of SI-PASS participants with non-volunteering enrolled students shows significantly higher exam performance, contrasting with the null RCT result
A quasi-experimental evaluation found Perry Street students improved significantly more during turnaround than they would have at other traditional or charter schools - A quasi-experimental evaluation found Perry Street students improved significantly more during turnaround than they would have at other traditional or charter schools
A quasi-experimental intervention reported short-term reductions in loneliness followed by lower social anxiety after a social-chatbot intervention - A quasi-experimental intervention reported short-term reductions in loneliness followed by lower social anxiety after a social-chatbot intervention
A quasi-experimental PSD training intervention increased students' use of fun and competition when studying, with greater active learning, study task proactivity and absorption over time - A quasi-experimental PSD training intervention increased students' use of fun and competition when studying, with greater active learning, study task proactivity and absorption over time
A question-repetition bug in Quiz Mode, reported by 2/8 pilot participants, was a defect simulation-based evaluation could not identify - A question-repetition bug in Quiz Mode, reported by 2/8 pilot participants, was a defect simulation-based evaluation could not identify
A racial school-climate gap exists: White and Asian students generally report higher safety, support, and connectedness than African American, American Indian, and Hispanic students - A racial school-climate gap exists: White and Asian students generally report higher safety, support, and connectedness than African American, American Indian, and Hispanic students
A random assignment study examined how providing coaching and support to schools to help them use student data to inform teachers' instruction affects teachers' practices and student achievement - A random assignment study examined how providing coaching and support to schools to help them use student data to inform teachers' instruction affects teachers' practices and student achievement
A random forest classified flagged versus non-flagged word problems with the best accuracy of five tested models (AUC = 0.75) - A random forest classified flagged versus non-flagged word problems with the best accuracy of five tested models (AUC = 0.75)
A randomized controlled trial found TFA secondary math teachers outperformed non-TFA comparison teachers in mathematics achievement - A randomized controlled trial found TFA secondary math teachers outperformed non-TFA comparison teachers in mathematics achievement
A randomized controlled trial with 86 K-12 students found a significant gain in self-regulated-learning strategy use from agentic coaching systems - A randomized controlled trial with 86 K-12 students found a significant gain in self-regulated-learning strategy use from agentic coaching systems
A Rasch-score re-analysis corroborates slowing and in some cases declining test score trends, with nine-year-olds an exception - A Rasch-score re-analysis corroborates slowing and in some cases declining test score trends, with nine-year-olds an exception
A re-analysis of a meta-analysis found learning from animations more effective than static pictures only when features of the displayed changes were relevant to learning - A re-analysis of a meta-analysis found learning from animations more effective than static pictures only when features of the displayed changes were relevant to learning
A real-life paediatric emergency occurring after the intervention was managed well by staff who had not participated in SimLab, suggesting cascade of the transformed practices - A real-life paediatric emergency occurring after the intervention was managed well by staff who had not participated in SimLab, suggesting cascade of the transformed practices
A reasoning-oriented LLM outperformed a standard LLM on scenario quality and feasibility of generated design problems, with no differences on alignment, cognitive complexity, or clarity - A reasoning-oriented LLM outperformed a standard LLM on scenario quality and feasibility of generated design problems, with no differences on alignment, cognitive complexity, or clarity
A recent large-scale meta-analysis failed to find convincing evidence of developmental slumps in children's divergent thinking - A recent large-scale meta-analysis failed to find convincing evidence of developmental slumps in children's divergent thinking
A recent reanalysis of Moving to Opportunity data found positive program impacts on girls' mental health and behavior were related to length of time spent exposed to low-poverty neighborhoods - A recent reanalysis of Moving to Opportunity data found positive program impacts on girls' mental health and behavior were related to length of time spent exposed to low-poverty neighborhoods
A recent research synthesis found positive effects of magnet schools on student achievement, attendance, and graduation rates in most studies - A recent research synthesis found positive effects of magnet schools on student achievement, attendance, and graduation rates in most studies
A recent school move or a single move shows no evidence of relation to children's academic or social functioning - A recent school move or a single move shows no evidence of relation to children's academic or social functioning
A recognition-versus-reasoning divide: scene recognition is comparatively mature while affective interpretation and compositional reasoning lag - A recognition-versus-reasoning divide: scene recognition is comparatively mature while affective interpretation and compositional reasoning lag
A record high 7,368 students from the CPS class of 2018 graduated from college with a degree or certificate - A record high 7,368 students from the CPS class of 2018 graduated from college with a degree or certificate
A reduced set of non-cognitive factors alone explains 17–25% of the variance in university GPA across three years of a degree - A reduced set of non-cognitive factors alone explains 17–25% of the variance in university GPA across three years of a degree
A reflection-structured assignment produced predominantly Strategic Dialogue content, offering preliminary, non-causal evidence that instructional framing may shift path distribution - A reflection-structured assignment produced predominantly Strategic Dialogue content, offering preliminary, non-causal evidence that instructional framing may shift path distribution
A reflective lesson on LLM functioning and educational impacts shifted physics students toward greater skepticism about LLM learning impacts - A reflective lesson on LLM functioning and educational impacts shifted physics students toward greater skepticism about LLM learning impacts
A regional collective initiative (Teaching is My Favorite Color) provided teachers of color a safe space, belonging, and authentic identity expression - A regional collective initiative (Teaching is My Favorite Color) provided teachers of color a safe space, belonging, and authentic identity expression
A regression discontinuity design on Review Exercise data supports a causal link between leveling up and higher assessment accuracy, at least for the first level-up - A regression discontinuity design on Review Exercise data supports a causal link between leveling up and higher assessment accuracy, at least for the first level-up
A regulation macro script structured collaboration to support socio-cognitive and socio-emotional monitoring among teacher-education students - A regulation macro script structured collaboration to support socio-cognitive and socio-emotional monitoring among teacher-education students
A rehearsal-based deficient-processing account cannot explain the developmental emergence of the spacing effect - A rehearsal-based deficient-processing account cannot explain the developmental emergence of the spacing effect
A relationship exists between students' relative age among their peers and their probability of disability classification - A relationship exists between students' relative age among their peers and their probability of disability classification
A reliable positive relationship between parietal NRE and math achievement appears only in children, not adolescents or adults - A reliable positive relationship between parietal NRE and math achievement appears only in children, not adolescents or adults
A remote individual working from photographs completed a full and physically correct ISLE cycle, but the inquiry was disembodied - A remote individual working from photographs completed a full and physically correct ISLE cycle, but the inquiry was disembodied
A replication trial with 267 preschoolers found greater gains in social skills and stronger teacher-child and parent-teacher relationships than controls - A replication trial with 267 preschoolers found greater gains in social skills and stronger teacher-child and parent-teacher relationships than controls
A reported case study describes structured AI use in a statistics unit for over 250 students, illustrating a Level 1-to-2 transition centring statistical thinking - A reported case study describes structured AI use in a statistics unit for over 250 students, illustrating a Level 1-to-2 transition centring statistical thinking
A representational tool offers beneficial affordances that supplement face-to-face communication for second-language learning - A representational tool offers beneficial affordances that supplement face-to-face communication for second-language learning
A research-grounded prompt revision improved scores for 10 of 11 models, with gains of 6.6 to 16.2 percentage points - A research-grounded prompt revision improved scores for 10 of 11 models, with gains of 6.6 to 16.2 percentage points
A responsive PAL does not improve learner attitudes toward the agent, and competency and interaction type show no significant interaction - A responsive PAL does not improve learner attitudes toward the agent, and competency and interaction type show no significant interaction
A review chapter (Karpicke 2017) reports, second-hand, experiments in which retrieval practice produced more learning than concept mapping (Karpicke & Blunt 2011) and than imagery strategies such as the keyword mnemonic (Karpicke & Smith 2012) - A review chapter (Karpicke 2017) reports, second-hand, experiments in which retrieval practice produced more learning than concept mapping (Karpicke & Blunt 2011) and than imagery strategies such as t
A review of 13 recent AI literacy frameworks found most lack explicit scaffolded progression and are context-bound - A review of 13 recent AI literacy frameworks found most lack explicit scaffolded progression and are context-bound
A review of 143 studies found well-designed, fully implemented community schools improve attendance, achievement, behavior, and school climate - A review of 143 studies found well-designed, fully implemented community schools improve attendance, achievement, behavior, and school climate
A review of 50 studies reports that AWE tools can improve the organization and overall quality of writing and encourage self-directed learning - A review of 50 studies reports that AWE tools can improve the organization and overall quality of writing and encourage self-directed learning
A review of approximately 80 studies found cognitive training teaching both discrimination and generalization effective for inductive reasoning and problem-solving transfer - A review of approximately 80 studies found cognitive training teaching both discrimination and generalization effective for inductive reasoning and problem-solving transfer
A review of four major CALL journals found 50% of articles targeting 'advanced' proficiency levels had learner populations of only B1 level - A review of four major CALL journals found 50% of articles targeting 'advanced' proficiency levels had learner populations of only B1 level
A review of music education asserts that MOOC completion is typically under 10% and that embodied musical learning resists short video lectures and self-graded quizzes - A review of music education asserts that MOOC completion is typically under 10% and that embodied musical learning resists short video lectures and self-graded quizzes
A review reports that digital skills gaps span demographic groups and are associated with e-learning acceptance, job performance, and earnings - A review reports that digital skills gaps span demographic groups and are associated with e-learning acceptance, job performance, and earnings
A review reports that pretesting helps paired-associate learning only when correct-answer feedback is immediate, but helps trivia-fact learning even when feedback is delayed up to 24 hours - A review reports that pretesting helps paired-associate learning only when correct-answer feedback is immediate, but helps trivia-fact learning even when feedback is delayed up to 24 hours
A review reports that relative-age effects tied to cohort cutoff dates bias selection into elite youth soccer and hockey - A review reports that relative-age effects tied to cohort cutoff dates bias selection into elite youth soccer and hockey
A review reports that retrieval practice effects grow more robust as initial retrieval success rises, especially above 75%, and separately that giving more retrieval cues yields smaller effects - A review reports that retrieval practice effects grow more robust as initial retrieval success rises, especially above 75%, and separately that giving more retrieval cues yields smaller effects
A review's historical account reports that Taiwan's constructivist mathematics reform, introduced in 1993, was stopped in 2003 amid debate over its students underperforming traditionally taught peers in high school - A review's historical account reports that Taiwan's constructivist mathematics reform, introduced in 1993, was stopped in 2003 amid debate over its students underperforming traditionally taught peers
A revised injection combining instruction manipulation and role-playing with an explicit do-not-mention instruction succeeded in all 9 iterations across docx, pdf, and htm formats - A revised injection combining instruction manipulation and role-playing with an explicit do-not-mention instruction succeeded in all 9 iterations across docx, pdf, and htm formats
A right-ear advantage appears in both dichotic listening tasks and decreases with age on the Dichotic Sentences subtest - A right-ear advantage appears in both dichotic listening tasks and decreases with age on the Dichotic Sentences subtest
A risk-sensitive reinforcement learning model with anticorrelated valuation fit reversal learning behavior better than standard models - A risk-sensitive reinforcement learning model with anticorrelated valuation fit reversal learning behavior better than standard models
A river-study conceptual model on handhelds supported observation, analysis, experimentation, and report writing for 72 secondary students in fieldwork - A river-study conceptual model on handhelds supported observation, analysis, experimentation, and report writing for 72 secondary students in fieldwork
A rural district that closed device and connectivity divides and trained teachers saw graduation rates rise from 67 percent to over 94 percent and college enrollment double - A rural district that closed device and connectivity divides and trained teachers saw graduation rates rise from 67 percent to over 94 percent and college enrollment double
A scaffolded AI Study Coach produced no assignment-performance or concept-inventory advantage over unrestricted AI use in a master's programming course pilot - A scaffolded AI Study Coach produced no assignment-performance or concept-inventory advantage over unrestricted AI use in a master's programming course pilot
A scaffolded participatory exercise in which students wrote rules governing the instructor's own AI use produced an accountability framework the instructor found more usable than institutional guidance - A scaffolded participatory exercise in which students wrote rules governing the instructor's own AI use produced an accountability framework the instructor found more usable than institutional guidanc
A scholar identifies children's acquisition of appropriate critical thinking skills as the determining element of MLE quality in elementary schools - A scholar identifies children's acquisition of appropriate critical thinking skills as the determining element of MLE quality in elementary schools
A school finance reform analysis found that a 20% increase in per-pupil spending for a child's k-12 schooling raised high school completion and adult earnings - A school finance reform analysis found that a 20% increase in per-pupil spending for a child's k-12 schooling raised high school completion and adult earnings
A school SAT preparation course improved SAT scores at one Texas school (Filizola, 2008; domain average effect size 0.28), driven by the mathematics subtest - A school SAT preparation course improved SAT scores at one Texas school (Filizola, 2008; domain average effect size 0.28), driven by the mathematics subtest
A school's ability to implement a child's IEP was the first factor in parents' enrollment decisions, crowding out other school characteristics - A school's ability to implement a child's IEP was the first factor in parents' enrollment decisions, crowding out other school characteristics
A school's likelihood of high implementation of trauma-engaged practices increased with its percentage of students in foster care - A school's likelihood of high implementation of trauma-engaged practices increased with its percentage of students in foster care
A school's School Climate Index is more strongly associated with its probability of beating the achievement odds than its personnel resources - A school's School Climate Index is more strongly associated with its probability of beating the achievement odds than its personnel resources
A schoolwide literacy initiative based on deeper learning rapidly and sustainably raised achievement at a large low-income high school - A schoolwide literacy initiative based on deeper learning rapidly and sustainably raised achievement at a large low-income high school
A screenshot-only reward was reward-hacked into producing visually convincing but unplayable games; hardening the reward with an interactivity probe and hard-fail gate reversed the collapse - A screenshot-only reward was reward-hacked into producing visually convincing but unplayable games; hardening the reward with an interactivity probe and hard-fail gate reversed the collapse
A seasonal analysis of roughly 2 million students examines racial/ethnic disparities in learning from kindergarten through eighth grade - A seasonal analysis of roughly 2 million students examines racial/ethnic disparities in learning from kindergarten through eighth grade
A second LLM judge failed to corroborate 94% of 140,000 flagged failures from 2.5 million evaluations, indicating false positives dominated the pre-calibration suite - A second LLM judge failed to corroborate 94% of 140,000 flagged failures from 2.5 million evaluations, indicating false positives dominated the pre-calibration suite
A second randomized study in Louisiana and Texas found Air Reading students scored significantly higher on combined reading assessments (effect size +0.29) - A second randomized study in Louisiana and Texas found Air Reading students scored significantly higher on combined reading assessments (effect size +0.29)
A second rationale treats the network as a catalyst for enactment and sustainability of reforms with TPD (15 studies, mostly US) - A second rationale treats the network as a catalyst for enactment and sustainability of reforms with TPD (15 studies, mostly US)
A second training session two days later further increases reasoning accuracy beyond the first session, though less strongly - A second training session two days later further increases reasoning accuracy beyond the first session, though less strongly
A second-order synthesis of 12 CALL meta-analyses yields a mean effect size of d=.64, a medium effect of CALL on learning - A second-order synthesis of 12 CALL meta-analyses yields a mean effect size of d=.64, a medium effect of CALL on learning
A secondary ENA adding ICAP engagement codes showed proactive interactions linked constructive engagement with adequate reasoning, while reactive dialogues emphasised procedural pairings - A secondary ENA adding ICAP engagement codes showed proactive interactions linked constructive engagement with adequate reasoning, while reactive dialogues emphasised procedural pairings
A sedentary control condition (Italian grammar lesson) produces no improvement in children's short-term memory performance at either age. - A sedentary control condition (Italian grammar lesson) produces no improvement in children's short-term memory performance at either age.
A self-explanation instruction during rereading improves monitoring accuracy for all readers above mere rereading (Experiment 2) - A self-explanation instruction during rereading improves monitoring accuracy for all readers above mere rereading (Experiment 2)
A semi-supervised ANN method combining DINA and DINO achieves appreciated classification performance across test conditions, especially when diagnostic quality is not high or the Q-matrix contains misspecified elements - A semi-supervised ANN method combining DINA and DINO achieves appreciated classification performance across test conditions, especially when diagnostic quality is not high or the Q-matrix contains mis
A semi-supervised deep learning architecture recovers the ability distribution of anchor students more accurately than direct 2PL-IRT fitting under simulated nonignorable missingness - A semi-supervised deep learning architecture recovers the ability distribution of anchor students more accurately than direct 2PL-IRT fitting under simulated nonignorable missingness
A sense of belonging can help promote and consolidate online learning - A sense of belonging can help promote and consolidate online learning
A sense of belonging is firmly linked with improved student attainment, increased learners' satisfaction and reduced attrition rates in campus-based learning - A sense of belonging is firmly linked with improved student attainment, increased learners' satisfaction and reduced attrition rates in campus-based learning
A sense of relatedness moderates East Asian learners' internalization of others' choices, with benefits of other-made choices diminishing without belongingness - A sense of relatedness moderates East Asian learners' internalization of others' choices, with benefits of other-made choices diminishing without belongingness
A sensitivity analysis indicates the content-derived information density metrics are robust to reasonable operationalizations - A sensitivity analysis indicates the content-derived information density metrics are robust to reasonable operationalizations
A separation prompt does not improve learning with seductive details, and higher integration avoidance predicts worse transfer, disfavouring the disruption explanation - A separation prompt does not improve learning with seductive details, and higher integration avoidance predicts worse transfer, disfavouring the disruption explanation
A seventh-grade slump in divergent thinking is observed at the overall and indicator level - A seventh-grade slump in divergent thinking is observed at the overall and indicator level
A shared attentional resource for storage and processing is the best supported resource theory of WM capacity but faces empirical challenges - A shared attentional resource for storage and processing is the best supported resource theory of WM capacity but faces empirical challenges
A shared epistemic object let a team with substantial off-task time (UrPo) still complete a successful co-invention - A shared epistemic object let a team with substantial off-task time (UrPo) still complete a successful co-invention
A shared organizing principle can be established by one member and followed by others, becoming stronger with each application - A shared organizing principle can be established by one member and followed by others, becoming stronger with each application
A short growth mindset intervention raised growth mindset belief but produced no significant difference from control in recall performance, interest, enjoyment or perceived difficulty and effort, for either knowledge type - A short growth mindset intervention raised growth mindset belief but produced no significant difference from control in recall performance, interest, enjoyment or perceived difficulty and effort, for
A short online growth mindset intervention improved ninth-grade core-course GPAs among lower-achieving students in a nationally representative US sample - A short online growth mindset intervention improved ninth-grade core-course GPAs among lower-achieving students in a nationally representative US sample
A short strict-grader preamble knocks 14 of 17 open-weights LLM graders out of the graded band on a computer-vision exam, with three stopping grading outright - A short strict-grader preamble knocks 14 of 17 open-weights LLM graders out of the graded band on a computer-vision exam, with three stopping grading outright
A short-ISI dropout schedule (5-drop) used significantly fewer trials but yielded lower final test performance than conventional schedules in Experiment 1 - A short-ISI dropout schedule (5-drop) used significantly fewer trials but yielded lower final test performance than conventional schedules in Experiment 1
A significant but negligible benefit of peer assessment (d = .122) persisted to the final exam in one college statistics course - A significant but negligible benefit of peer assessment (d = .122) persisted to the final exam in one college statistics course
A significant concern for business students is wanting to use GenAI in academic work without unintentionally committing academic misconduct - A significant concern for business students is wanting to use GenAI in academic work without unintentionally committing academic misconduct
A significant main effect of stimuli category exists on reaction time in the Posner cue task - A significant main effect of stimuli category exists on reaction time in the Posner cue task
A significant portion of participants said they would have exited LER onboarding without live human support - A significant portion of participants said they would have exited LER onboarding without live human support
A significant retention x ethnicity x gender interaction indicates the negative effect of retention is strongest for African American and Hispanic girls - A significant retention x ethnicity x gender interaction indicates the negative effect of retention is strongest for African American and Hispanic girls
A significant three-way interaction of group, prime type and arithmetic operation governs arithmetic-affective priming, with DD children slower overall than controls - A significant three-way interaction of group, prime type and arithmetic operation governs arithmetic-affective priming, with DD children slower overall than controls
A significantly greater proportion of TPP teachers demonstrated and sustained CCSS-aligned instructional practices compared with district-supported teachers - A significantly greater proportion of TPP teachers demonstrated and sustained CCSS-aligned instructional practices compared with district-supported teachers
A simulation of quantum behavior violates the Bell inequality with about 99% probability using only 800 photon pairs - A simulation of quantum behavior violates the Bell inequality with about 99% probability using only 800 photon pairs
A Singapore teacher community has remixed 75 EJS models and lesson packages toward a national digital library - A Singapore teacher community has remixed 75 EJS models and lesson packages toward a national digital library
A single 30-minute session co-authoring math word problems with AMPT significantly increased students' sense of belonging in mathematics - A single 30-minute session co-authoring math word problems with AMPT significantly increased students' sense of belonging in mathematics
A single boredom item correlated strongly with the full TBS-S scale in both the easy and difficult test parts - A single boredom item correlated strongly with the full TBS-S scale in both the easy and difficult test parts
A single bout of closed-skill exercise improves short-term memory performance only in older primary-school children (9–10 years), not in 7–8-year-olds. - A single bout of closed-skill exercise improves short-term memory performance only in older primary-school children (9–10 years), not in 7–8-year-olds.
A single bout of open-skill exercise improves short-term memory performance in primary-school children of both age groups (7–8 and 9–10 years). - A single bout of open-skill exercise improves short-term memory performance in primary-school children of both age groups (7–8 and 9–10 years).
A single configurable analytics codebase replicates prior research findings across three educational AI assistant domains - A single configurable analytics codebase replicates prior research findings across three educational AI assistant domains
A single debiasing training session significantly increases both intuitive and deliberate accuracy on classic reasoning tasks compared to control - A single debiasing training session significantly increases both intuitive and deliberate accuracy on classic reasoning tasks compared to control
A single decision-and-confidence model with no condition-specific parameters fits decision weights across all three methods - A single decision-and-confidence model with no condition-specific parameters fits decision weights across all three methods
A single delayed cognitive load rating after a problem sequence is significantly higher than the average of immediate ratings for both mental effort and perceived difficulty (Experiment 1) - A single delayed cognitive load rating after a problem sequence is significantly higher than the average of immediate ratings for both mental effort and perceived difficulty (Experiment 1)
A single difficulty-weighted SFT run on a vision-language base model reaches 61.64% overall accuracy on TutorBench, surpassing Gemini-3 Pro (58.52%) - A single difficulty-weighted SFT run on a vision-language base model reaches 61.64% overall accuracy on TutorBench, surpassing Gemini-3 Pro (58.52%)
A single meeting of self-regulating pre-service teachers contained an almost complete expansive mini-cycle of learning actions, with all expansive actions except consolidating the new practice - A single meeting of self-regulating pre-service teachers contained an almost complete expansive mini-cycle of learning actions, with all expansive actions except consolidating the new practice
A single natural-language command can be decomposed by an LLM into coordinated sequential action sequences for multiple robots - A single natural-language command can be decomposed by an LLM into coordinated sequential action sequences for multiple robots
A single practice test produced a larger effect (g = 0.70) than two or more practice tests (g = 0.51) - A single practice test produced a larger effect (g = 0.70) than two or more practice tests (g = 0.51)
A single representation can be abstract along one dimension and concrete along another, and concrete for one learner but abstract for another - A single representation can be abstract along one dimension and concrete along another, and concrete for one learner but abstract for another
A single student's open question can trigger dissolution of a non-dialogic network and autonomous dialogic argumentation - A single student's open question can trigger dissolution of a non-dialogic network and autonomous dialogic argumentation
A single Thorndike-McCall administration deviates about 0.31 of a school year from the five-test composite; measuring monthly progress requires composites of 3 or 4 tests - A single Thorndike-McCall administration deviates about 0.31 of a school year from the five-test composite; measuring monthly progress requires composites of 3 or 4 tests
A single Tipping Point explains dropout patterns in only about a quarter of online courses, so lesson-level dropout behavior is more complex than one critical lesson - A single Tipping Point explains dropout patterns in only about a quarter of online courses, so lesson-level dropout behavior is more complex than one critical lesson
A single true-false test correlates with an essay examination (.33) about as highly as essay examinations correlate with each other - A single true-false test correlates with an essay examination (.33) about as highly as essay examinations correlate with each other
A single true-false test correlates with the criterion of achievement (.65) more highly than an essay examination (.56) or written work (.39) - A single true-false test correlates with the criterion of achievement (.65) more highly than an essay examination (.56) or written work (.39)
A single-parameter change in feed-forward connection strength in a neural decision model captures VGP behavior, including faster RTs with stable accuracy - A single-parameter change in feed-forward connection strength in a neural decision model captures VGP behavior, including faster RTs with stable accuracy
A six-factor measurement model of university governance shows convergent validity in the Vietnamese context - A six-factor measurement model of university governance shows convergent validity in the Vietnamese context
A six-session faculty learning community on AI was implemented in a physics department, engaging nineteen faculty across biweekly meetings - A six-session faculty learning community on AI was implemented in a physics department, engaging nineteen faculty across biweekly meetings
A six-step C/I cycle administered in a sophomore engineering physics class and a graduate physics class guided a group to select a conveyor-belt power-calibration method via a co-constructed decision metric - A six-step C/I cycle administered in a sophomore engineering physics class and a graduate physics class guided a group to select a conveyor-belt power-calibration method via a co-constructed decision
A six-week SRL video annotation intervention was followed by a statistically significant increase in high school students' ITS-AR monologue scores - A six-week SRL video annotation intervention was followed by a statistically significant increase in high school students' ITS-AR monologue scores
A sizable repertoire of formulaic sequences benefits second-language learners, but learners are slow to close the gap with native speakers in formulaic language - Review evidence that L2 learners gain from knowing many formulaic sequences yet lag native speakers in them, with instruction aimed at noticing, reference-tool lookups and memorising sequences
A skills-first approach to hiring and advancement is taking hold in the private and public sectors - A skills-first approach to hiring and advancement is taking hold in the private and public sectors
A small a priori set of motivational constructs risks three failures in explaining situated motivated action - A small a priori set of motivational constructs risks three failures in explaining situated motivated action
A small gender difference in visualisation favouring boys exists across adolescence and is robust across measurement instruments - A small gender difference in visualisation favouring boys exists across adolescence and is robust across measurement instruments
A small number of studies indicated indirect effects of TSE through instructional support and through classroom organization - A small number of studies indicated indirect effects of TSE through instructional support and through classroom organization
A small question budget of about 200 suffices for strong hypothesis quality, with room to scale - A small question budget of about 200 suffices for strong hypothesis quality, with room to scale
A small set of dominant prompt labels structures the literature, led by metacognitive and self-explanation prompts - A small set of dominant prompt labels structures the literature, led by metacognitive and self-explanation prompts
A small set of mathematics-only studies gives existence proof that teacher participation in a mathematics PLC can enhance student learning, but evidence is insufficient to link formal assessment results to PLC participation - A small set of mathematics-only studies gives existence proof that teacher participation in a mathematics PLC can enhance student learning, but evidence is insufficient to link formal assessment resul
A small significant difference favors general-population candidates on the Digitspan and Shapedance package - A small significant difference favors general-population candidates on the Digitspan and Shapedance package
A small subset of question types accounts for the majority of student inquiries to AI, with Assertion the most frequent category in both CS2 sessions - A small subset of question types accounts for the majority of student inquiries to AI, with Assertion the most frequent category in both CS2 sessions
A small subset of study districts shows meaningful inequity in low-income students' access to effective math teachers - A small subset of study districts shows meaningful inequity in low-income students' access to effective math teachers
A small-scale pilot study explored the impact of a variety of roles on discussion-forum interaction across participative, social, cognitive, and teaching dimensions - A small-scale pilot study explored the impact of a variety of roles on discussion-forum interaction across participative, social, cognitive, and teaching dimensions
A smaller percentage of classes in rural Utah districts were taught by highly qualified teachers than in non-rural districts, and rural teacher transfer-out rates were lower, from 2012 to 2017 - A smaller percentage of classes in rural Utah districts were taught by highly qualified teachers than in non-rural districts, and rural teacher transfer-out rates were lower, from 2012 to 2017
A smaller percentage of young children pass at age on the group tests than on Kuhlmann's individual tests, with 60 percent versus 78 percent passing at age six - A smaller percentage of young children pass at age on the group tests than on Kuhlmann's individual tests, with 60 percent versus 78 percent passing at age six
A smaller student subset showed a similar STEMscopes advantage on the NWEA MAP Growth science assessment (effect size +0.17) - A smaller student subset showed a similar STEMscopes advantage on the NWEA MAP Growth science assessment (effect size +0.17)
A Soft-Voting Ensemble achieves the best behavioral-dataset attrition prediction (CV F1 = 0.737, test recall = 0.769) - A Soft-Voting Ensemble achieves the best behavioral-dataset attrition prediction (CV F1 = 0.737, test recall = 0.769)
A spatial STEM curriculum yields far transfer to improved verbal deductive reasoning in high school students, including on nonspatial relation trials - A spatial STEM curriculum yields far transfer to improved verbal deductive reasoning in high school students, including on nonspatial relation trials
A special validity analysis was conducted on the Puerto Rico trial assessment data - A special validity analysis was conducted on the Puerto Rico trial assessment data
A specific civic education subject provides valuable knowledge but is insufficient on its own to develop civic competence - A specific civic education subject provides valuable knowledge but is insufficient on its own to develop civic competence
A stacking ensemble of LG, SVM, NB, KNN and XGB achieved the best fine-tuning F1-score (0.88), outperforming individual models such as SVM (0.86) - A stacking ensemble of LG, SVM, NB, KNN and XGB achieved the best fine-tuning F1-score (0.88), outperforming individual models such as SVM (0.86)
A standing committee structure sustains middle school change despite personnel turnover - A standing committee structure sustains middle school change despite personnel turnover
A state funding report's research review, citing earlier studies, states that inclusive preschool special education benefits students with and without disabilities and that effective early education reduces later special education identification - A state funding report's research review, citing earlier studies, states that inclusive preschool special education benefits students with and without disabilities and that effective early education r
A statewide cohort analysis found 8% of new Texas teachers left after year 1, 26% by year 5, and 46% by year 8 - A statewide cohort analysis found 8% of new Texas teachers left after year 1, 26% by year 5, and 46% by year 8
A stochastic (exploration) router yields a higher exercise conversion rate than the static baseline, while the greedy router is comparable - A stochastic (exploration) router yields a higher exercise conversion rate than the static baseline, while the greedy router is comparable
A strategic learning approach is most commonly associated with high(er) academic performance in medical and dental students - A strategic learning approach is most commonly associated with high(er) academic performance in medical and dental students
A strategic resource-use exam playbook intervention raised final course grades in introductory statistics across two randomized cohorts, with a dosage effect for completing it twice - A strategic resource-use exam playbook intervention raised final course grades in introductory statistics across two randomized cohorts, with a dosage effect for completing it twice
A strength in arithmetic skills did not distinguish geometric or fraction skills among DLD children - A strength in arithmetic skills did not distinguish geometric or fraction skills among DLD children
A strength in verbal reasoning partly compensates for geometry and fraction delays in children with DLD at the individual level - A strength in verbal reasoning partly compensates for geometry and fraction delays in children with DLD at the individual level
A striking number of biology conceptual change studies measured only superficial learning outcomes such as knowledge enrichment rather than knowledge restructuring - A striking number of biology conceptual change studies measured only superficial learning outcomes such as knowledge enrichment rather than knowledge restructuring
A strong majority of surveyed edtech products agree that products rooted in learning sciences research have the greatest impact on learning - A strong majority of surveyed edtech products agree that products rooted in learning sciences research have the greatest impact on learning
A structured feedback-and-reflection cycle (pre-lesson plan review, immediate verbal comments, written feedback, take-up time, and open-ended questioning) supported the mentee's reflective development - A structured feedback-and-reflection cycle (pre-lesson plan review, immediate verbal comments, written feedback, take-up time, and open-ended questioning) supported the mentee's reflective development
A structured mixture-of-experts candidate improved some corrections on fixed-evidence cases but introduced new factual and continuity regressions, so activation was held - A structured mixture-of-experts candidate improved some corrections on fixed-evidence cases but introduced new factual and continuity regressions, so activation was held
A struggling fifth-grade reader with ADHD gained one full grade level in reading over six weeks of iPad-mediated tutoring - A struggling fifth-grade reader with ADHD gained one full grade level in reading over six weeks of iPad-mediated tutoring
A student began interacting with the sim within 10 seconds and verbalized sense-making without explicit guidance - A student began interacting with the sim within 10 seconds and verbalized sense-making without explicit guidance
A student maintained critical distance from GenAI outputs through a paradoxical trust in their untrustworthiness, deriving practical value while staying sceptical - A student maintained critical distance from GenAI outputs through a paradoxical trust in their untrustworthiness, deriving practical value while staying sceptical
A student used slider extremes to make qualitative comparisons of skater mass effects - A student used slider extremes to make qualitative comparisons of skater mass effects
A student with learning difficulties independently anticipated where to start a coordinated count but failed to anticipate where to stop the unit-rate count with harder numbers - A student with learning difficulties independently anticipated where to start a coordinated count but failed to anticipate where to stop the unit-rate count with harder numbers
A student's animated off-worksheet statements can function as bids for a frame change that the group may accept or ignore - A student's animated off-worksheet statements can function as bids for a frame change that the group may accept or ignore
A student-built CTE webpage redesign coincided with the school adding one computer science course the following year - A student-built CTE webpage redesign coincided with the school adding one computer science course the following year
A student-facing chatbot was pulled after it reinforced a student's self-deprecating views about math, illustrating substantial risk of direct AI engagement with students - A student-facing chatbot was pulled after it reinforced a student's self-deprecating views about math, illustrating substantial risk of direct AI engagement with students
A student-led small-group discussion assessment sustained online participation and produced denser peer interaction than a standard teacher-led discussion board - A student-led small-group discussion assessment sustained online participation and produced denser peer interaction than a standard teacher-led discussion board
A student-staff co-creation initiative explored generative AI technologies in the context of higher education assessments - A student-staff co-creation initiative explored generative AI technologies in the context of higher education assessments
A student-staff partnership evaluated ChatGPT-generated output in response to diverse coursework assessments on an undergraduate medical sciences programme - A student-staff partnership evaluated ChatGPT-generated output in response to diverse coursework assessments on an undergraduate medical sciences programme
A student-teacher racial/ethnic parity gap persists: in 2011–12, 44% of students but only 17.3% of teachers were minority - A student-teacher racial/ethnic parity gap persists: in 2011–12, 44% of students but only 17.3% of teachers were minority
A study estimates the effects of statewide articulation agreement policies on college enrollment, associate degree attainment, and bachelor's degree attainment using IPEDS data and a Difference-in-Difference approach - A study estimates the effects of statewide articulation agreement policies on college enrollment, associate degree attainment, and bachelor's degree attainment using IPEDS data and a Difference-in-Dif
A study of a $20,000 selective transfer incentive examined high-performing teachers' behavioral responses in 10 districts - A study of a $20,000 selective transfer incentive examined high-performing teachers' behavioral responses in 10 districts
A subset of about a quarter of Chicago high schools and 10 percent of middle-grades schools have very high suspension rates, almost all predominantly serving African-American students - A subset of about a quarter of Chicago high schools and 10 percent of middle-grades schools have very high suspension rates, almost all predominantly serving African-American students
A substantial fraction of students reported increased interest in physics and ability to connect physics to their life science majors and careers - A substantial fraction of students reported increased interest in physics and ability to connect physics to their life science majors and careers
A substantial minority of school diversity studies operationalize normic diversity via minority representation, while representative diversity is rarely measured - A substantial minority of school diversity studies operationalize normic diversity via minority representation, while representative diversity is rarely measured
A substantial part of the LLM rating advantage appears attributable to comment length, as length-adjusted scores converge on every dimension except tone - A substantial part of the LLM rating advantage appears attributable to comment length, as length-adjusted scores converge on every dimension except tone
A substantial proportion of children with cochlear implants used some form of signed communication despite parents' initial expectations otherwise - A substantial proportion of children with cochlear implants used some form of signed communication despite parents' initial expectations otherwise
A substantial proportion of distance students (44,035 of 76,485) used the AI-based learning assistant Syntea during one observation month - A substantial proportion of distance students (44,035 of 76,485) used the AI-based learning assistant Syntea during one observation month
A substantial share of builders' voiced design intentions never reaches the typed prompt, leaving design choices to the production stack's defaults - A substantial share of builders' voiced design intentions never reaches the typed prompt, leaving design choices to the production stack's defaults
A substantial share of dropouts show no clear signs of disengagement or major problems in the years before dropping out - A substantial share of dropouts show no clear signs of disengagement or major problems in the years before dropping out
A successful coordination/high learning-gain correlation appears only for learners receiving both visible gaze feedback and PCA suggestions - A successful coordination/high learning-gain correlation appears only for learners receiving both visible gaze feedback and PCA suggestions
A superordinate structuring term such as “bouquet” increases use of the factorization algorithm in isomorphic multiplication problems - A superordinate structuring term such as “bouquet” increases use of the factorization algorithm in isomorphic multiplication problems
A supplementary analysis restricted to TC and control nonword primes shows the TC effect is marginally larger for Chinese than Japanese speakers - A supplementary analysis restricted to TC and control nonword primes shows the TC effect is marginally larger for Chinese than Japanese speakers
A support vector machine classifier outperformed decision tree and random forest models in predicting cognitive engagement levels of online discussion posts - A support vector machine classifier outperformed decision tree and random forest models in predicting cognitive engagement levels of online discussion posts
A suspension decreases math and reading achievement for suspended students - A suspension decreases math and reading achievement for suspended students
A syllabus that clearly connects service work to course content shows the strongest relationship with civic competence outcomes - A syllabus that clearly connects service work to course content shows the strongest relationship with civic competence outcomes
A systematic review argues that concrete materials aid mathematics and science learning when they are explicitly and gradually connected to the abstract symbols they represent
A systematic review identified 21 publications applying intersectional MAIHDA analysis, primarily in the health sciences - A systematic review identified 21 publications applying intersectional MAIHDA analysis, primarily in the health sciences
A systematic review identified 26 eligible articles on drama and theatre-based work forms in teacher education, analysed using Gorski's equity literacy approach as a framework - A systematic review identified 26 eligible articles on drama and theatre-based work forms in teacher education, analysed using Gorski's equity literacy approach as a framework
A systematic review identifies four overarching themes of factors affecting student engagement in adaptive learning platforms: system quality, information quality, learner characteristics and preferences, and affordances that mimic real-life social interactions - A systematic review identifies four overarching themes of factors affecting student engagement in adaptive learning platforms: system quality, information quality, learner characteristics and preferen
A systematic review of 209 peer-reviewed articles (2009-2019) identifies three qualitatively different clusters of claims about how teachers can be prepared for diversity - A systematic review of 209 peer-reviewed articles (2009-2019) identifies three qualitatively different clusters of claims about how teachers can be prepared for diversity
A systematic review of 32 longitudinal studies identified 96 personal risk and protective factors for psychosocial transition success, consolidated into 16 salient elements across five higher-order domains - A systematic review of 32 longitudinal studies identified 96 personal risk and protective factors for psychosocial transition success, consolidated into 16 salient elements across five higher-order do
A systematic review of 50 classroom experiments found retrieval practice yields medium-to-large benefits in most cases, but only 6% were conducted in non-WEIRD countries - A systematic review of 50 classroom experiments found retrieval practice yields medium-to-large benefits in most cases, but only 6% were conducted in non-WEIRD countries
A systematic review of AI in problem-based learning reports, as a dominant theme of its 50 studies, that AI tools support adaptive, personalized learning linked to better engagement and problem-solving - A systematic review of AI in problem-based learning reports, as a dominant theme of its 50 studies, that AI tools support adaptive, personalized learning linked to better engagement and problem-solvin
A systematic review of bias-mitigation training names considering the opposite as a previously validated way to reduce judgment biases, without testing it itself
A systematic review reports that over-reliance on AI dialogue systems fosters complacency and dependency and may weaken students' decision-making - A systematic review reports that over-reliance on AI dialogue systems fosters complacency and dependency and may weaken students' decision-making
A systematic search found almost no rigorous studies contrasting online and face-to-face instruction for K–12 students: none with computable effect sizes through 2006, and only five meeting meta-analysis criteria through July 2008. - A systematic search found almost no rigorous studies contrasting online and face-to-face instruction for K–12 students: none with computable effect sizes through 2006, and only five meeting meta-analy
A TA's intervention that incrementally added epistemic distancing to his questions shifted a dismissive group into sensemaking with a lasting effect - A TA's intervention that incrementally added epistemic distancing to his questions shifted a dismissive group into sensemaking with a lasting effect
A tablet-based AR app displaying real-time measurement data above circuit components aided conceptual knowledge acquisition more effectively than traditional physics lab lessons - A tablet-based AR app displaying real-time measurement data above circuit components aided conceptual knowledge acquisition more effectively than traditional physics lab lessons
A task-specific prompt with explicit guidance about correct-answer cases significantly outperforms literature-based PedCoT prompting on TM test cases (84% vs 59% accuracy) - A task-specific prompt with explicit guidance about correct-answer cases significantly outperforms literature-based PedCoT prompting on TM test cases (84% vs 59% accuracy)
A task-specific questionnaire built item-by-item from a think-aloud coding taxonomy correlated r=.51 with think-aloud protocols, higher than the -.07 to .42 regularly reported - A task-specific questionnaire built item-by-item from a think-aloud coding taxonomy correlated r=.51 with think-aloud protocols, higher than the -.07 to .42 regularly reported
A teacher whose home culture was excluded from school brought her home culture into her teaching so students could express and maintain their identities - A teacher whose home culture was excluded from school brought her home culture into her teaching so students could express and maintain their identities
A teacher's appropriation of the engineering design process reframed restrictive STEM narratives in her teaching and personal life
A teacher's awareness of why a learning object must be treated in accordance with variation theory and embodiment promotes a more constructive and effective way to direct children's learning - A teacher's awareness of why a learning object must be treated in accordance with variation theory and embodiment promotes a more constructive and effective way to direct children's learning
A teacher's positive initial response to blended delivery was shaped by experience, TELL beliefs and personality - A teacher's positive initial response to blended delivery was shaped by experience, TELL beliefs and personality
A teacher-coaching CAL program produces significant intent-to-treat gains in elementary and middle school math performance of 0.12-0.22 standard deviations - A teacher-coaching CAL program produces significant intent-to-treat gains in elementary and middle school math performance of 0.12-0.22 standard deviations
A teacher-initiated report card comment generator built in Solara saw immediate high adoption without formal rollout or training - A teacher-initiated report card comment generator built in Solara saw immediate high adoption without formal rollout or training
A teacher-led sourcing intervention increased upper secondary students' use of source features in search queries during online inquiry - A teacher-led sourcing intervention increased upper secondary students' use of source features in search queries during online inquiry
A teaching assistant's arrival shifts group behavior to the red cluster, corresponding to framing the activity as listening to the TA - A teaching assistant's arrival shifts group behavior to the red cluster, corresponding to framing the activity as listening to the TA
A technical review reports a 70% cut in grading time and a 15% rise in learner satisfaction from NLP-based automated grading on one MOOC platform, with no comparison design described - A technical review reports a 70% cut in grading time and a 15% rise in learner satisfaction from NLP-based automated grading on one MOOC platform, with no comparison design described
A technical review reports that one reinforcement-learning adaptive platform raised average course grades by 12%, task completion by 20% and cut dropout by 10% against static curricula (uncontrolled case report) - A technical review reports that one reinforcement-learning adaptive platform raised average course grades by 12%, task completion by 20% and cut dropout by 10% against static curricula (uncontrolled c
A temporal extraction rule classified the GENERAL INSTRUCTION -> PLANNER action pattern as Planning in the first 15 minutes but as Monitoring in the last 30 minutes - A temporal extraction rule classified the GENERAL INSTRUCTION -> PLANNER action pattern as Planning in the first 15 minutes but as Monitoring in the last 30 minutes
A ten-goal-class model fits university instructors' achievement goals for teaching and was robust in cross-validation. - A ten-goal-class model fits university instructors' achievement goals for teaching and was robust in cross-validation.
A tension exists across AI policies between ensuring ethical use of AI and promoting economic benefit, with different countries prioritizing different sides - A tension exists across AI policies between ensuring ethical use of AI and promoting economic benefit, with different countries prioritizing different sides
A test score represents a pupil's performance under given conditions, not the pupil's ability, and conditions vary with the examiner and the pupil. - A test score represents a pupil's performance under given conditions, not the pupil's ability, and conditions vary with the examiner and the pupil.
A text-mining group and representation tool scaffolds students' learning processes and improves outcomes under specific conditions - A text-mining group and representation tool scaffolds students' learning processes and improves outcomes under specific conditions
A theoretical article, citing two simulation studies, reports that novice clinical learners overestimated their performance and that their confidence exceeded their accuracy - A theoretical article, citing two simulation studies, reports that novice clinical learners overestimated their performance and that their confidence exceeded their accuracy
A theory-driven trace-based SRL measurement achieved a match rate of 38.97% with think aloud data when evaluated against think aloud as reference point - A theory-driven trace-based SRL measurement achieved a match rate of 38.97% with think aloud data when evaluated against think aloud as reference point
A third systematic review concluded ADHD medication reduced symptoms and impairments but found limited and inconsistent evidence for long-term medication effects on social functioning, academic achievement, employment status, and psychiatric comorbidity - A third systematic review concluded ADHD medication reduced symptoms and impairments but found limited and inconsistent evidence for long-term medication effects on social functioning, academic achiev
A three-college consortium successfully implemented online competency-based programs as planned, meeting most implementation milestones and outcome targets - A three-college consortium successfully implemented online competency-based programs as planned, meeting most implementation milestones and outcome targets
A three-component (tripartite) model of victimization shows superior explanatory power to unidimensional and two-component models in cross-national PISA2018 data - A three-component (tripartite) model of victimization shows superior explanatory power to unidimensional and two-component models in cross-national PISA2018 data
A three-factor, format-specific arithmetic measurement model (Triple Code Theory) fits third-graders' arithmetic data, while single-factor and two-factor models do not - A three-factor, format-specific arithmetic measurement model (Triple Code Theory) fits third-graders' arithmetic data, while single-factor and two-factor models do not
A three-month WISE Agent intervention did not significantly increase sixth-graders' aggregate critical thinking disposition scores - A three-month WISE Agent intervention did not significantly increase sixth-graders' aggregate critical thinking disposition scores
A three-phased collaboration script leads distance students to provide more and longer input in grounding discussions, with the structured interface further increasing input length - A three-phased collaboration script leads distance students to provide more and longer input in grounding discussions, with the structured interface further increasing input length
A three-round Delphi study with 17 experts from education, industry, and cultural expertise produced the SAIL AI literacy framework - A three-round Delphi study with 17 experts from education, industry, and cultural expertise produced the SAIL AI literacy framework
A three-step structured multimodal dialogue intervention corrected 82% of baseline errors and raised multimodal accuracy to 95%, with visual processing errors corrected at 100% but context misinterpretation errors resistant - A three-step structured multimodal dialogue intervention corrected 82% of baseline errors and raised multimodal accuracy to 95%, with visual processing errors corrected at 100% but context misinterpre
A three-tiered conceptual-controlling-operational structure is fully valid for MSLQ variables but only partially for ILS variables - A three-tiered conceptual-controlling-operational structure is fully valid for MSLQ variables but only partially for ILS variables
A three-week MALA deployment recorded 62 distinct usernames across 128 conversations, with 63% of conversations resolved or partially resolved - A three-week MALA deployment recorded 62 distinct usernames across 128 conversations, with 63% of conversations resolved or partially resolved
A threefold staff development plan of immersion, peer monitoring and review, and manual contribution supported instructors' implementation of cooperative learning structures - A threefold staff development plan of immersion, peer monitoring and review, and manual contribution supported instructors' implementation of cooperative learning structures
A threshold of 6 on a 1–10 index of two KEI dimensions matched the cohort's actual 37 percent grade 3 ELA proficiency rate - A threshold of 6 on a 1–10 index of two KEI dimensions matched the cohort's actual 37 percent grade 3 ELA proficiency rate
A time-based stopping rule requires screening about 70% of abstracts to reach 95% sensitivity, saving on average 0.86 days - A time-based stopping rule requires screening about 70% of abstracts to reach 95% sensitivity, saving on average 0.86 days
A tool's effectiveness results from the whole configuration of events, activities, and contexts in which it is used - A tool's effectiveness results from the whole configuration of events, activities, and contexts in which it is used
A tracing strategy combining segmentation and prediction produced more efficient learning than a non-interactive instructional condition - A tracing strategy combining segmentation and prediction produced more efficient learning than a non-interactive instructional condition
A training-design argument, not tested by any study recorded here, holds that practising whole complex tasks improves transfer of complex skills
A trial Spanish-language NAEP mathematics assessment was administered to Puerto Rico public school students in grades 4 and 8 in 2003 - A trial Spanish-language NAEP mathematics assessment was administered to Puerto Rico public school students in grades 4 and 8 in 2003
A trusting, supportive teacher-student relationship emerged as a prominent motivator for acting on feedback, especially for Information Seekers with Low Emotional Strain - A trusting, supportive teacher-student relationship emerged as a prominent motivator for acting on feedback, especially for Information Seekers with Low Emotional Strain
A two-dimensional profiling method based on initial artifact quality and criterion-aligned revision categorizes student groups into four analytic profiles in an AI-supported RQ/hypothesis revision activity - A two-dimensional profiling method based on initial artifact quality and criterion-aligned revision categorizes student groups into four analytic profiles in an AI-supported RQ/hypothesis revision act
A two-factor (reactive–proactive) model of the Turkish RPQ fits adolescent data better than a one-factor general aggression model - A two-factor (reactive–proactive) model of the Turkish RPQ fits adolescent data better than a one-factor general aggression model
A two-level structural equation model links approaches to teaching and approaches to studying to biology achievement in high school - A two-level structural equation model links approaches to teaching and approaches to studying to biology achievement in high school
A two-million-student MAP Growth sample was used to test whether gender gaps widened among low- and high-achieving students - A two-million-student MAP Growth sample was used to test whether gender gaps widened among low- and high-achieving students
A two-year professional learning community helped eight REL Midwest researchers identify collaborative-research challenges and apply solutions in their alliance work - A two-year professional learning community helped eight REL Midwest researchers identify collaborative-research challenges and apply solutions in their alliance work
A two-year quasi-experimental study in Hong Kong found full-implementation restorative whole-school approach students reported significantly less bullying and larger empathy and self-esteem gains than control students - A two-year quasi-experimental study in Hong Kong found full-implementation restorative whole-school approach students reported significantly less bullying and larger empathy and self-esteem gains than
A UK-focused systematic review identifies six key priority areas for primary-secondary school transitions: familiarity, relationships, intrapersonal skills, pastoral support, collaboration, and families - A UK-focused systematic review identifies six key priority areas for primary-secondary school transitions: familiarity, relationships, intrapersonal skills, pastoral support, collaboration, and famili
A UK-wide expert panel (n=30) conceptualised transitions-context emotional wellbeing as affective state, tangible signs of adjustment, and mechanisms to maintain a stable affective state - A UK-wide expert panel (n=30) conceptualised transitions-context emotional wellbeing as affective state, tangible signs of adjustment, and mechanisms to maintain a stable affective state
A unilateral grading contract guarantees students a course grade of B based solely on completion of specified activities, not on judged writing quality - A unilateral grading contract guarantees students a course grade of B based solely on completion of specified activities, not on judged writing quality
A unique form of anxiety experienced in response to learning or using an L2 was identified in the mid-1980s - A unique form of anxiety experienced in response to learning or using an L2 was identified in the mid-1980s
A University of Pennsylvania study found only about half of MOOC registrants viewed a lecture and only about four percent finished a course entirely - A University of Pennsylvania study found only about half of MOOC registrants viewed a lecture and only about four percent finished a course entirely
A utility-value writing intervention increases continuation to the second course of the biology sequence - A utility-value writing intervention increases continuation to the second course of the biology sequence
A utility-value writing intervention increases course grades in introductory biology relative to a summarizing control - A utility-value writing intervention increases course grades in introductory biology relative to a summarizing control
A utility-value writing intervention increases STEM major persistence across the semester - A utility-value writing intervention increases STEM major persistence across the semester
A UV essay in the final unit of the course promotes enrollment in the second biology course, especially for high-performing students - A UV essay in the final unit of the course promotes enrollment in the second biology course, especially for high-performing students
A validity problem in Kapur's standard deviation transfer item brackets its transfer findings as working hypotheses - A validity problem in Kapur's standard deviation transfer item brackets its transfer findings as working hypotheses
A very demanding course schedule lowers core-course GPA by about 0.40 points relative to an undemanding one - A very demanding course schedule lowers core-course GPA by about 0.40 points relative to an undemanding one
A VLM-based screenplay-to-video fidelity proxy shows scene and element structure are usually preserved while action-level fidelity is the primary failure mode - A VLM-based screenplay-to-video fidelity proxy shows scene and element structure are usually preserved while action-level fidelity is the primary failure mode
A vocabulary instructional focus differentially benefits good readers at the expense of poor decoders and poor comprehenders over a school year - A vocabulary instructional focus differentially benefits good readers at the expense of poor decoders and poor comprehenders over a school year
A wage bonus incentive raised hand compositors' output by sixty-seven per cent - A wage bonus incentive raised hand compositors' output by sixty-seven per cent
A warning message about potential AI mistakes increases seventh-graders' hint requests in a math intelligent tutoring system - A warning message about potential AI mistakes increases seventh-graders' hint requests in a math intelligent tutoring system
A Web-based collaborative inquiry project produces significant overall learning gains in science knowledge in secondary classrooms - A Web-based collaborative inquiry project produces significant overall learning gains in science knowledge in secondary classrooms
A webcam-only automatic cheating detector achieved recall of 78.6%, precision of 84.6%, and accuracy of 83.3% in a MOOP experiment - A webcam-only automatic cheating detector achieved recall of 78.6%, precision of 84.6%, and accuracy of 83.3% in a MOOP experiment
A welcoming campus racial climate fosters African American students' sense of belonging and intent to continue enrollment in mostly White schools - A welcoming campus racial climate fosters African American students' sense of belonging and intent to continue enrollment in mostly White schools
A well-implemented summer learning program (BELL) improves low-income children's reading test scores - A well-implemented summer learning program (BELL) improves low-income children's reading test scores
A WestEd research bulletin reports a curriculum revision that replaced a decorative photograph in a math problem with a problem-relevant sketch, on the developers' view that such photographs distract students - A WestEd research bulletin reports a curriculum revision that replaced a decorative photograph in a math problem with a problem-relevant sketch, on the developers' view that such photographs distract
A Wheatstone bridge inquiry lab accomplished many of its learning goals and students seemed to enjoy it - A Wheatstone bridge inquiry lab accomplished many of its learning goals and students seemed to enjoy it
A widely used healthcare algorithm underestimated the medical needs of Black patients because it used healthcare spending as a proxy for health status - A widely used healthcare algorithm underestimated the medical needs of Black patients because it used healthcare spending as a proxy for health status
A widened attentional focus of the kind associated with ADHD has been postulated to accompany enhanced creative ability - A widened attentional focus of the kind associated with ADHD has been postulated to accompany enhanced creative ability
A widespread concern is that lower enrollment will constrict the principal pipeline and lead to shortages of qualified candidates - A widespread concern is that lower enrollment will constrict the principal pipeline and lead to shortages of qualified candidates
A wiki with a thinking-together approach can provide a dialogic space in which students co-construct shared understanding - A wiki with a thinking-together approach can provide a dialogic space in which students co-construct shared understanding
A within-list lag effect persisted at all retention intervals (up to 7 days) when the orienting task allowed interitem associations, contrary to what a context-only retrieval account predicts for that condition - A within-list lag effect persisted at all retention intervals (up to 7 days) when the orienting task allowed interitem associations, contrary to what a context-only retrieval account predicts for that
A within-subjects pilot with 27 professional software engineers found statistically significant self-reported self-efficacy gains across all 10 assessed skill areas after completing the cc-self-train curriculum - A within-subjects pilot with 27 professional software engineers found statistically significant self-reported self-efficacy gains across all 10 assessed skill areas after completing the cc-self-train
A worked network example shows diffusion-based centralities capturing uptake and argumentation more accurately than traditional centrality measures - A worked network example shows diffusion-based centralities capturing uptake and argumentation more accurately than traditional centrality measures
A wrong response preceding a help request is associated with a higher predicted probability of a correct end-of-unit response than the request alone - A wrong response preceding a help request is associated with a higher predicted probability of a correct end-of-unit response than the request alone
A WWC expert panel distilled recent research into seven recommendations for preschool educators on preparing young children for school - A WWC expert panel distilled recent research into seven recommendations for preschool educators on preparing young children for school
A WWC practice guide rests its recommendation to teach academic vocabulary intensively across several days on six studies meeting WWC standards (five RCTs, one quasi-experiment) - A WWC practice guide rests its recommendation to teach academic vocabulary intensively across several days on six studies meeting WWC standards (five RCTs, one quasi-experiment)
A WWC practice-guide panel rates developing and using clear behavior expectations as supported by strong evidence from 14 studies - A WWC practice-guide panel rates developing and using clear behavior expectations as supported by strong evidence from 14 studies
A year of West Virginia Pre-K produced substantial gains in print awareness at kindergarten entry, and the program meets all 10 NIEER quality standards - A year of West Virginia Pre-K produced substantial gains in print awareness at kindergarten entry, and the program meets all 10 NIEER quality standards
AAC interventions showed positive effects on all targeted behavioral outcomes, with greater effects for communication skills than other skill categories - AAC interventions showed positive effects on all targeted behavioral outcomes, with greater effects for communication skills than other skill categories
AAC users report device useability difficulties, high cognitive load when learning communication systems, and poor physical and sensory access - AAC users report device useability difficulties, high cognitive load when learning communication systems, and poor physical and sensory access
Abandoning assessment entirely is not an acceptable alternative to competitive grading, per the author's argument - Abandoning assessment entirely is not an acceptable alternative to competitive grading, per the author's argument
Abandoning preamble coding macros in favor of amsmath, unicode-math, and siunitx enabled successive error-free transcriptions - Abandoning preamble coding macros in favor of amsmath, unicode-math, and siunitx enabled successive error-free transcriptions
Ability acquired in one branch of study appears transferable to another to a considerable extent, or else general intellectual and moral attitude matters more than method - Ability acquired in one branch of study appears transferable to another to a considerable extent, or else general intellectual and moral attitude matters more than method
Ability and speed are negatively correlated, and the reading test's ability estimates are more affected by speed than the math test's - Ability and speed are negatively correlated, and the reading test's ability estimates are more affected by speed than the math test's
Ability moderates the hierarchical-organization advantage: low-ability subjects showed no significant benefit, while medium-ability subjects did - Ability moderates the hierarchical-organization advantage: low-ability subjects showed no significant benefit, while medium-ability subjects did
Ability to abstract increases strikingly in the earlier school years but less markedly in later years, with striking individual differences - Ability to abstract increases strikingly in the earlier school years but less markedly in later years, with striking individual differences
Ability to Reason (SMP 2) benchmark levels improved linearly across all three time points (d ≈ 0.78) with no significant quadratic trend - Ability to Reason (SMP 2) benchmark levels improved linearly across all three time points (d ≈ 0.78) with no significant quadratic trend
Ablating expert-informed structural components lowered LLM-judge scores on all dimensions, with largest drops in challenge quality, intent alignment, and domain grounding - Ablating expert-informed structural components lowered LLM-judge scores on all dimensions, with largest drops in challenge quality, intent alignment, and domain grounding
Ablation baselines were configured to isolate the contribution of cross-modal attention, PPO clipping and Kalman filtering, but component-level results are not reported in the available text - Ablation baselines were configured to isolate the contribution of cross-modal attention, PPO clipping and Kalman filtering, but component-level results are not reported in the available text
Ablation study shows metadata-enriched embeddings produce the largest accuracy drop, while attention masking, KV caching and dynamic batching primarily support inference efficiency - Ablation study shows metadata-enriched embeddings produce the largest accuracy drop, while attention masking, KV caching and dynamic batching primarily support inference efficiency
Ablation study: removing any component lowers evaluation AUC, and removing all additional features yields the lowest public and private AUCs - Ablation study: removing any component lowers evaluation AUC, and removing all additional features yields the lowest public and private AUCs
Ablations show each CogEvolution module contributes: removing ICAP perception, structured retrieval, or evolutionary update degrades mistake precision, learning-curve fit, and alignment - Ablations show each CogEvolution module contributes: removing ICAP perception, structured retrieval, or evolutionary update degrades mistake precision, learning-curve fit, and alignment
Ablations show every feature group contributes to skills forecasting, while recent engagement activity alone nearly suffices for minutes - Ablations show every feature group contributes to skills forecasting, while recent engagement activity alone nearly suffices for minutes
Ablations show removing the strategy selector substantially increases leakage and replacing the NLI verifier with same-model self-check reduces performance - Ablations show removing the strategy selector substantially increases leakage and replacing the NLI verifier with same-model self-check reduces performance
Ablations show the semi-Markov controller is the primary driver of behavioral fidelity (removal pushes DKL to 6.81) and Strategist/Executor separation is essential for epistemic fidelity and realism - Ablations show the semi-Markov controller is the primary driver of behavioral fidelity (removal pushes DKL to 6.81) and Strategist/Executor separation is essential for epistemic fidelity and realism
Ablations show the trustworthiness module contributes most to performance, and the explanation generator cuts human review time by 41% - Ablations show the trustworthiness module contributes most to performance, and the explanation generator cuts human review time by 41%
ABM students engage more frequently in embodied reasoning strategies—first-to-third-person perspective shifts, causal inference making, and gestures—than video students, who rely more on third-person perspectives and information retrieval - ABM students engage more frequently in embodied reasoning strategies—first-to-third-person perspective shifts, causal inference making, and gestures—than video students, who rely more on third-person
Abolishing grades in elementary schools showed no statistically significant effects on achievement, self-concepts, anxiety, joy of learning, well-being, or classroom climate by end of Grade 3, except math interest - Abolishing grades in elementary schools showed no statistically significant effects on achievement, self-concepts, anxiety, joy of learning, well-being, or classroom climate by end of Grade 3, except
Abolishing grades increased mathematics interest in the LPF trial, the sole significant outcome difference - Abolishing grades increased mathematics interest in the LPF trial, the sole significant outcome difference
About 18 percent of elementary school faculties are highly engaged, with another 33 percent moderately active - About 18 percent of elementary school faculties are highly engaged, with another 33 percent moderately active
About 20% of children (later developers) make few self-regulation gains in preschool and lag peers by six months to a year and a half - About 20% of children (later developers) make few self-regulation gains in preschool and lag peers by six months to a year and a half
About 200 online charter schools operate in the United States, serving about 200,000 students across elementary, middle, and high school grades - About 200 online charter schools operate in the United States, serving about 200,000 students across elementary, middle, and high school grades
About 25–40% of patients with ADHD have major reading and writing difficulties, many show co-existing language disorders, and there is considerable overlap with arithmetical skills disorders - About 25–40% of patients with ADHD have major reading and writing difficulties, many show co-existing language disorders, and there is considerable overlap with arithmetical skills disorders
About 27 percent of 2018 graduates statewide met all CCR graduation requirements, with gaps by socioeconomic status, English learner status, race/ethnicity, and prior achievement - About 27 percent of 2018 graduates statewide met all CCR graduation requirements, with gaps by socioeconomic status, English learner status, race/ethnicity, and prior achievement
About 30 percent of South Carolina charter schools outperform traditional alternatives in reading and 15 percent in math, while 22 percent and 33 percent underperform - About 30 percent of South Carolina charter schools outperform traditional alternatives in reading and 15 percent in math, while 22 percent and 33 percent underperform
About 40.8% of Grade 9 students have a nondifferentiated vocational interest structure while 59.2% have a differentiated structure - About 40.8% of Grade 9 students have a nondifferentiated vocational interest structure while 59.2% have a differentiated structure
About 41 percent of Idaho charter schools significantly outperform their traditional schooling alternatives in both reading and math - About 41 percent of Idaho charter schools significantly outperform their traditional schooling alternatives in both reading and math
About 45% of teachers still report needing further TPE-related training despite year-over-year improvement - About 45% of teachers still report needing further TPE-related training despite year-over-year improvement
About 46% of the lowest 5% achieving schools show the same growth as the highest 5% achieving schools - About 46% of the lowest 5% achieving schools show the same growth as the highest 5% achieving schools
About 54 percent of Chicago Public Schools students graduated from CPS by age 19 for the 1998 age-13 cohort and by the fourth year for the 1999 freshman cohort - About 54 percent of Chicago Public Schools students graduated from CPS by age 19 for the 1998 age-13 cohort and by the fourth year for the 1999 freshman cohort
About 6% of items in the most-used measures operationalize students' social and emotional skills, appearing in 58.14% of measures - About 6% of items in the most-used measures operationalize students' social and emotional skills, appearing in 58.14% of measures
About 60 per cent of University of Texas freshmen withdrew permanently each year, based on student-history tracing of 1901–1908 freshman cohorts - About 60 per cent of University of Texas freshmen withdrew permanently each year, based on student-history tracing of 1901–1908 freshman cohorts
About 60 percent of students significantly below benchmark at BOY remained so at EOY, and improving to benchmark by MOY predicted meeting benchmark at EOY - About 60 percent of students significantly below benchmark at BOY remained so at EOY, and improving to benchmark by MOY predicted meeting benchmark at EOY
About 60% of teachers repaying student loans report high or very high loan-related stress, which is correlated with overall job-related stress - About 60% of teachers repaying student loans report high or very high loan-related stress, which is correlated with overall job-related stress
About 61% of observed in-class student behavior was actively seeking knowledge or asking questions - About 61% of observed in-class student behavior was actively seeking knowledge or asking questions
About 70% of continuously enrolled grade 5-8 CPS students were eligible for Chicago Connected, and approximately 30% of eligible students opted to participate - About 70% of continuously enrolled grade 5-8 CPS students were eligible for Chicago Connected, and approximately 30% of eligible students opted to participate
About 75% of A-G courses showed exact unit alignment between CALPADS and UC admissions data, improving across years - About 75% of A-G courses showed exact unit alignment between CALPADS and UC admissions data, improving across years
About 75% of surveyed California districts report a shortage of qualified teachers for 2016-17, and over 80% of these say shortages have worsened since 2013-14 - About 75% of surveyed California districts report a shortage of qualified teachers for 2016-17, and over 80% of these say shortages have worsened since 2013-14
About 750 contact hours of high school ESL support can have a tangible effect toward the postsecondary threshold - About 750 contact hours of high school ESL support can have a tangible effect toward the postsecondary threshold
About 90 percent of Illinois districts administer standardized achievement tests, with aptitude/IQ tests, career planning instruments, local CRTs, and diagnostic tests less common - About 90 percent of Illinois districts administer standardized achievement tests, with aptitude/IQ tests, career planning instruments, local CRTs, and diagnostic tests less common
About half of all children with DCD experience difficulty learning to write, making dysgraphia assessment essential because handwriting difficulties do not resolve without intervention - About half of all children with DCD experience difficulty learning to write, making dysgraphia assessment essential because handwriting difficulties do not resolve without intervention
About half of CPS students do not live within the neighborhood zone of any magnet elementary school - About half of CPS students do not live within the neighborhood zone of any magnet elementary school
About half of surveyed students agreed Ecree was easy to use and helped improve their writing - About half of surveyed students agreed Ecree was easy to use and helped improve their writing
About half of teachers report access to data technologies, but roughly half lack confidence in their data skills and do not use digital data to plan and adjust teaching - About half of teachers report access to data technologies, but roughly half lack confidence in their data skills and do not use digital data to plan and adjust teaching
About one in seven boys in the afternoon group ceased to improve and tended downwards, compared with one in the morning group - About one in seven boys in the afternoon group ceased to improve and tended downwards, compared with one in the morning group
About one in six grade 4 and 5 math and reading/ELA teachers is linked in unconfirmed administrative data to a subject they do not teach - About one in six grade 4 and 5 math and reading/ELA teachers is linked in unconfirmed administrative data to a subject they do not teach
About one third of Massachusetts K–3 students were identified as significantly below benchmark at least once in 2023/24, with 19 percent identified in all three periods - About one third of Massachusetts K–3 students were identified as significantly below benchmark at least once in 2023/24, with 19 percent identified in all three periods
About one-third of edtech coaches felt unprepared at closure onset to support non-digital-instruction needs such as social-emotional support and equitable lessons - About one-third of edtech coaches felt unprepared at closure onset to support non-digital-instruction needs such as social-emotional support and equitable lessons
About one-third of surveyed educators report that research is not localized enough to guide their school problems - About one-third of surveyed educators report that research is not localized enough to guide their school problems
About three in five students identified as high-achieving in the first year remained high-achieving in the last year of the study - About three in five students identified as high-achieving in the first year remained high-achieving in the last year of the study
About two-thirds of Freeman et al. (2014) articles reported results favoring only the active learning group, but most comparisons were active learning versus lecture with weak internal validity controls - About two-thirds of Freeman et al.
About two-thirds of laggards would not have met the proposed high-school-record admission requirement, indicating personal characteristics established before college - About two-thirds of laggards would not have met the proposed high-school-record admission requirement, indicating personal characteristics established before college
Above-FPL children improved more in staying calm and in control as family resilience increased, but no significant FPL moderated-mediation effects emerged - Above-FPL children improved more in staying calm and in control as family resilience increased, but no significant FPL moderated-mediation effects emerged
Abrupt location or character changes mid-scenario co-occur with the lowest story-content coherence ratings - Abrupt location or character changes mid-scenario co-occur with the lowest story-content coherence ratings
Absence of focused pronunciation assessment within the CLT framework hinders monitoring of learners' pronunciation progress - Absence of focused pronunciation assessment within the CLT framework hinders monitoring of learners' pronunciation progress
Absences remained as strongly related to test scores and GPAs in post-pandemic years as pre-pandemic years - Absences remained as strongly related to test scores and GPAs in post-pandemic years as pre-pandemic years
Absenteeism severity varies by grade level, peaking in kindergarten, middle school, and 12th grade - Absenteeism severity varies by grade level, peaking in kindergarten, middle school, and 12th grade
Absolute ease-of-selection judgments did not differ between homogeneous and heterogeneous problems in either age group or task - Absolute ease-of-selection judgments did not differ between homogeneous and heterogeneous problems in either age group or task
Absolute epistemic beliefs increase over the study period among computer science undergraduates - Absolute epistemic beliefs increase over the study period among computer science undergraduates
Absolute monitoring accuracy showed a mixed, inconsistent group-by-time interaction rather than a stable competitiveness difference - Absolute monitoring accuracy showed a mixed, inconsistent group-by-time interaction rather than a stable competitiveness difference
Abstract and concrete animation representations do not differ significantly in middle school students' electricity achievement under any of the five text-representation conditions - Abstract and concrete animation representations do not differ significantly in middle school students' electricity achievement under any of the five text-representation conditions
Abstraction and processing preferences, but not self-assessment, were significant predictors of perceived response complexity, abstraction, and processing style - Abstraction and processing preferences, but not self-assessment, were significant predictors of perceived response complexity, abstraction, and processing style
Abundance hypothesis: state test boredom relates negatively to performance on the difficult test part but not the easy part - Abundance hypothesis: state test boredom relates negatively to performance on the difficult test part but not the easy part
Abuse typology groups differed significantly on overall ADHD symptom scores, with only the non-abused group differing significantly from the three abuse groups in post hoc analysis - Abuse typology groups differed significantly on overall ADHD symptom scores, with only the non-abused group differing significantly from the three abuse groups in post hoc analysis