Claims: T 8

A 1 · A 2 · A 3 · A 4 · A 5 · A 6 · A 7 · A 8 · B 1 · B 2 · C 1 · C 2 · C 3 · C 4 · C 5 · C 6 · D 1 · D 2 · D 3 · E 1 · E 2 · E 3 · E 4 · F 1 · F 2 · F 3 · G 1 · G 2 · H 1 · H 2 · I 1 · I 2 · I 3 · I 4 · I 5 · J · K · L 1 · L 2 · L 3 · M 1 · M 2 · M 3 · M 4 · N 1 · N 2 · O 1 · O 2 · P 1 · P 2 · P 3 · P 4 · P 5 · Q · R 1 · R 2 · R 3 · S 1 · S 2 · S 3 · S 4 · S 5 · S 6 · S 7 · S 8 · T 1 · T 2 · T 3 · T 4 · T 5 · T 6 · T 7 · T 8 · T 9 · T 10 · U · V · W 1 · W 2 · X · Y · Z · 0-9

• The safe and respectful school climate domain of the elementary student survey fell short of the established reliability threshold - The safe and respectful school climate domain of the elementary student survey fell short of the established reliability threshold
• The same cognitive processes account for variability in arithmetic skills in children at family-risk of dyslexia and typically developing controls - The same cognitive processes account for variability in arithmetic skills in children at family-risk of dyslexia and typically developing controls
• The same four roadblocks to school improvement topped principals' rankings across ten years of surveys, with subgroup contrasts in emphasis - The same four roadblocks to school improvement topped principals' rankings across ten years of surveys, with subgroup contrasts in emphasis
• The same quizzing or concept-mapping activity produces more learning when done without viewing the material, as retrieval, than while viewing it - The same quizzing or concept-mapping activity produces more learning when done without viewing the material, as retrieval, than while viewing it
• The same retention estimator applied to non-proctored assessment yields an opposite-signed 85% increase in odds of correct response on AI-susceptible items - The same retention estimator applied to non-proctored assessment yields an opposite-signed 85% increase in odds of correct response on AI-susceptible items
• The same review ruler supports longitudinal cross-semester problem tracking for one teacher's Data Structures and Algorithms B course - The same review ruler supports longitudinal cross-semester problem tracking for one teacher's Data Structures and Algorithms B course
• The same student can hold different mindsets in different classrooms, and grades rise or fall across classrooms as mindsets change, with differences traceable to teachers' practices - The same student can hold different mindsets in different classrooms, and grades rise or fall across classrooms as mindsets change, with differences traceable to teachers' practices
• The same three-factor model of emergent writing fits both younger and older preschool children despite skill-level differences - The same three-factor model of emergent writing fits both younger and older preschool children despite skill-level differences
• The SBLE evidence base contains no randomized experiments and carries high risk of bias - The SBLE evidence base contains no randomized experiments and carries high risk of bias
• The scaffolding intervention unintentionally increased small groups' independent working time, roughly doubling it from premeasurement to postmeasurement - The scaffolding intervention unintentionally increased small groups' independent working time, roughly doubling it from premeasurement to postmeasurement
• The scale measures only the ability to recall definite facts promptly, a limited kind of historical ability - The scale measures only the ability to recall definite facts promptly, a limited kind of historical ability
• The scale showed convergent and incremental validity through medium-size correlations with established cognitive load measures - The scale showed convergent and incremental validity through medium-size correlations with established cognitive load measures
• The school climate gap between beating-the-odds and chronically underperforming schools is more than twice as large as the gap between BTO and other schools - The school climate gap between beating-the-odds and chronically underperforming schools is more than twice as large as the gap between BTO and other schools
• The School District of Philadelphia reformed its student code of conduct in 2012-2013 to prohibit suspensions and expulsions for two types of non-violent student conduct - The School District of Philadelphia reformed its student code of conduct in 2012-2013 to prohibit suspensions and expulsions for two types of non-violent student conduct
• The school is the only organized agency that can assure sex instruction reaches all children, since the home and free literature cannot be relied upon - The school is the only organized agency that can assure sex instruction reaches all children, since the home and free literature cannot be relied upon
• The school refusal-truancy dichotomy shows extensive overlap and heterogeneity - The school refusal-truancy dichotomy shows extensive overlap and heterogeneity
• The school-built environment, including access to nature and green spaces, positively impacts children, teachers, and the school community - The school-built environment, including access to nature and green spaces, positively impacts children, teachers, and the school community
• The school-entry-age findings were produced with a multi-state regression discontinuity analysis covering academic growth through second grade - The school-entry-age findings were produced with a multi-state regression discontinuity analysis covering academic growth through second grade
• The science club–science GPA relationship is not significant for Asian students, though the math club relationship is - The science club–science GPA relationship is not significant for Asian students, though the math club relationship is
• The scope of PBL implementation shaped discussion quality: hybrid lecture-based implementation reduced uncertainty but yielded less critical discussion than full PBL - The scope of PBL implementation shaped discussion quality: hybrid lecture-based implementation reduced uncertainty but yielded less critical discussion than full PBL
• The score gaps constitute evidence of sex differences in the validity of the SAT-M as a predictor of college math performance, though not of their cause - The score gaps constitute evidence of sex differences in the validity of the SAT-M as a predictor of college math performance, though not of their cause
• The screen inferiority effect on handheld devices is larger for undergraduate students and for participants assessed individually - The screen inferiority effect on handheld devices is larger for undergraduate students and for participants assessed individually
• The script improved adherence to the prescribed order of grounding discussions before group activities, with an additional effect of the structured interface - The script improved adherence to the prescribed order of grounding discussions before group activities, with an additional effect of the structured interface
• The script level a CSCL script mainly targets does not significantly moderate its effects on domain-specific knowledge or collaboration skills - The script level a CSCL script mainly targets does not significantly moderate its effects on domain-specific knowledge or collaboration skills
• The SEA-as-resource-provider role was the most commonly emphasized approach, named in 10 of 23 state ESSA plans. - The SEA-as-resource-provider role was the most commonly emphasized approach, named in 10 of 23 state ESSA plans.
• The seasonal analysis of racial/ethnic disparities spans kindergarten through eighth grade - The seasonal analysis of racial/ethnic disparities spans kindergarten through eighth grade
• The second edition was tried with 140 grade and 141 high school pupils; seven exercises were discarded, and about 1800 grade pupils took the final test in May 1917 - The second edition was tried with 140 grade and 141 high school pupils; seven exercises were discarded, and about 1800 grade pupils took the final test in May 1917
• The second phase of the national KIPP evaluation nearly doubled the sample to 43 KIPP middle schools and estimated achievement impacts in four subjects - The second phase of the national KIPP evaluation nearly doubled the sample to 43 KIPP middle schools and estimated achievement impacts in four subjects
• The second-level digital divide (skills and usage gaps) limits the benefits of technology-integrated family–school partnerships for many parents - The second-level digital divide (skills and usage gaps) limits the benefits of technology-integrated family–school partnerships for many parents
• The second-order multidimensional IRT model for testlets is formally equivalent to the testlet model, and both are restricted bifactor models - The second-order multidimensional IRT model for testlets is formally equivalent to the testlet model, and both are restricted bifactor models
• The SEED Partnership Project developed three-year partnerships between national non-profits implementing evidence-based educator-preparation strategies and educational organizations seeking to apply lessons from that work - The SEED Partnership Project developed three-year partnerships between national non-profits implementing evidence-based educator-preparation strategies and educational organizations seeking to apply l
• The segmentation advantage is maintained across repeated readings and is widespread across participants - The segmentation advantage is maintained across repeated readings and is widespread across participants
• The segmenting, cognitive-load, and learning-time effects are confirmed for system-paced segmentation - The segmenting, cognitive-load, and learning-time effects are confirmed for system-paced segmentation
• The selected MLP outperformed gradient boosting for persistent-failure prediction in paired student bootstrap comparison - The selected MLP outperformed gradient boosting for persistent-failure prediction in paired student bootstrap comparison
• The selected-questions-verbs prompting strategy yields the strongest LLM Bloom classification, reaching weighted F1 up to 0.84 - The selected-questions-verbs prompting strategy yields the strongest LLM Bloom classification, reaching weighted F1 up to 0.84
• The selectivity impact of Find the Fit persisted through the third fall after high school graduation - The selectivity impact of Find the Fit persisted through the third fall after high school graduation
• The self-employment rate among employed NFTE alumni respondents (16 percent) was higher than the national rate of 6 percent for young adults ages 25–34 - The self-employment rate among employed NFTE alumni respondents (16 percent) was higher than the national rate of 6 percent for young adults ages 25–34
• The self-explanation-based environment elicits the most (self-)explanations and the inquiry environment elicits high hypothesis generation - The self-explanation-based environment elicits the most (self-)explanations and the inquiry environment elicits high hypothesis generation
• The self-report measure supports a refined 13-item, four-factor model with good fit - The self-report measure supports a refined 13-item, four-factor model with good fit
• The self-study-before-discussion advantage persisted at one-week delayed tests, with lecture-condition scores declining over time while self-study-condition scores remained stable - The self-study-before-discussion advantage persisted at one-week delayed tests, with lecture-condition scores declining over time while self-study-condition scores remained stable
• The sense-making and interpretation steps of teacher inquiry models proved confusing for teachers - The sense-making and interpretation steps of teacher inquiry models proved confusing for teachers
• The SEP Ciencias II work guide packs many expected learnings into few class hours (e.g., 5 learnings in 6 hours for Block 1 and 8 in 5 hours for Block 2), which teachers find hard to cover - The SEP Ciencias II work guide packs many expected learnings into few class hours (e.g., 5 learnings in 6 hours for Block 1 and 8 in 5 hours for Block 2), which teachers find hard to cover
• The sequence of creative problem solving processes varied across students, with most students showing non-linear, iterative ordering - The sequence of creative problem solving processes varied across students, with most students showing non-linear, iterative ordering
• The sequential pathway from AI literacy through LMS quality and blended-learning satisfaction to academic performance is significant (β = .263, p < .001) - The sequential pathway from AI literacy through LMS quality and blended-learning satisfaction to academic performance is significant (β = .263, p < .001)
• The serial indirect effect of AI literacy on continued use is weaker at higher levels of AI anxiety (moderated mediation) - The serial indirect effect of AI literacy on continued use is weaker at higher levels of AI anxiety (moderated mediation)
• The serial mediation model explains 32.5–37.0% of variance in AI-TPACK, self-efficacy, and AI integration intention - The serial mediation model explains 32.5–37.0% of variance in AI-TPACK, self-efficacy, and AI integration intention
• The series reached nearly 1,200 registrations across four events, drawing experienced educators from 22 countries - The series reached nearly 1,200 registrations across four events, drawing experienced educators from 22 countries
• The session-type-by-time interaction showed anxiety increasing in game sessions while decreasing in lectures, and confusion declining more steeply in game sessions. - The session-type-by-time interaction showed anxiety increasing in game sessions while decreasing in lectures, and confusion declining more steeply in game sessions.
• The SES–positive behavior relationship follows the same curvilinear pattern but is weaker in magnitude than the SES–cognitive relationship at every wave. - The SES–positive behavior relationship follows the same curvilinear pattern but is weaker in magnitude than the SES–cognitive relationship at every wave.
• The set of executive-function and intelligence predictors of academic achievement differs across Grades 2, 4, and 6, with EF contributions appearing cumulative as students get older - The set of executive-function and intelligence predictors of academic achievement differs across Grades 2, 4, and 6, with EF contributions appearing cumulative as students get older
• The seven levers can describe environments for robust understanding with or without AI, mapping onto the TRU dimensions - The seven levers can describe environments for robust understanding with or without AI, mapping onto the TRU dimensions
• The seventh-grade slump is moderated by DT test, task content domain, and gender, with larger drops for WKCT, figural tasks, and a higher proportion of males - The seventh-grade slump is moderated by DT test, task content domain, and gender, with larger drops for WKCT, figural tasks, and a higher proportion of males
• The Shape Stroop, Bear/Dragon, and Tower tasks showed a pronounced drop in average performance from about 25 to 30 months of age, possibly reflecting systematic missingness rather than declining ability - The Shape Stroop, Bear/Dragon, and Tower tasks showed a pronounced drop in average performance from about 25 to 30 months of age, possibly reflecting systematic missingness rather than declining abili
• The share of academically at-risk students increased after the pandemic, requiring a response of matching magnitude - The share of academically at-risk students increased after the pandemic, requiring a response of matching magnitude
• The share of marks below the upper-second classification boundary fell by 24.7 percentage points, with effects significant at every threshold from 23 to 31 marks and at none above - The share of marks below the upper-second classification boundary fell by 24.7 percentage points, with effects significant at every threshold from 23 to 31 marks and at none above
• The share of new math and science teachers entering on substandard credentials doubled from about 20% to 40% between 2011–12 and 2015–16 while fully credentialed entrants dropped from 3,200 to 2,200 - The share of new math and science teachers entering on substandard credentials doubled from about 20% to 40% between 2011–12 and 2015–16 while fully credentialed entrants dropped from 3,200 to 2,200
• The share of students choosing interleaved practice rose from 13% to 40% across the session, but the visual feedback prompt did not further increase interleaved practice choices - The share of students choosing interleaved practice rose from 13% to 40% across the session, but the visual feedback prompt did not further increase interleaved practice choices
• The share of students earning at least an A rises in more susceptible courses after ChatGPT under the preferred bound, but the shift fails parallel trends and is read as descriptive, not causal - The share of students earning at least an A rises in more susceptible courses after ChatGPT under the preferred bound, but the shift fails parallel trends and is read as descriptive, not causal
• The share of students in the On-Track category increased by 20 percentage points between 2009 and 2019 while the Intensive Support share decreased from 12 to 8 percent - The share of students in the On-Track category increased by 20 percentage points between 2009 and 2019 while the Intensive Support share decreased from 12 to 8 percent
• The share of uncertified teachers among new Texas entrants rose from 16% in 2018–19 to 49% in 2023–24 - The share of uncertified teachers among new Texas entrants rose from 16% in 2018–19 to 49% in 2023–24
• The share of uncertified teachers in the Texas teacher workforce more than tripled between 2019–20 and 2024–25, reaching 12% - The share of uncertified teachers in the Texas teacher workforce more than tripled between 2019–20 and 2024–25, reaching 12%
• The signaling effect holds only for abstract animation representations: signaling significantly improved achievement over written text with abstract animation but not with concrete animation - The signaling effect holds only for abstract animation representations: signaling significantly improved achievement over written text with abstract animation but not with concrete animation
• The SIM-NEW simulation's assumptions (fully simulated data, a single latent ability factor, and a non-REM time-reversed analysis) limit its relevance to the reciprocal effects debate - The SIM-NEW simulation's assumptions (fully simulated data, a single latent ability factor, and a non-REM time-reversed analysis) limit its relevance to the reciprocal effects debate
• The simple machine used to solve a problem predicts persistence, ranked NONE < RAMP < PEN < LEVER < SB - The simple machine used to solve a problem predicts persistence, ranked NONE < RAMP < PEN < LEVER < SB
• The simulated learner tracks a real-student KT model with calibration error 0.049, and the helpfulness rubric transfers to real classroom transcripts - The simulated learner tracks a real-student KT model with calibration error 0.049, and the helpfulness rubric transfers to real classroom transcripts
• The simulated-respondent approach recovers the guessing parameter c at correlation 0.48, far above regression baselines, suggesting it captures genuine response behavior - The simulated-respondent approach recovers the guessing parameter c at correlation 0.48, far above regression baselines, suggesting it captures genuine response behavior
• The simulation advantage and interest differences hold across subgroups of age, gender, school form, and grade - The simulation advantage and interest differences hold across subgroups of age, gender, school form, and grade
• The simultaneous speech-and-gesture advantage on math equivalence persists at a four-week delay on both basic and generalization problems - The simultaneous speech-and-gesture advantage on math equivalence persists at a four-week delay on both basic and generalization problems
• The single-head base model (Model 1) outperformed the more complex Model 2, suggesting overfitting in the larger architecture - The single-head base model (Model 1) outperformed the more complex Model 2, suggesting overfitting in the larger architecture
• The single-task Random Forest achieves the best average predictive performance but is optimal for only 7 of 15 concepts - The single-task Random Forest achieves the best average predictive performance but is optimal for only 7 of 15 concepts
• The sit control condition outperformed the write control condition on practice-phase instruction score - The sit control condition outperformed the write control condition on practice-phase instruction score
• The six 100-word spelling lists are practically identical in difficulty, differing from list 1 by .9 to 3.4 points - The six 100-word spelling lists are practically identical in difficulty, differing from list 1 by .9 to 3.4 points
• The six achievement emotion regulation strategies are empirically separable constructs, and corresponding strategies across emotions are sufficiently distinct to warrant emotion-specific measures - The six achievement emotion regulation strategies are empirically separable constructs, and corresponding strategies across emotions are sufficiently distinct to warrant emotion-specific measures
• The six clusters differ substantially in academic performance: Final Grade ANOVA η² = 0.770, with C0 exceeding C1 by 40.17 exam-score points - The six clusters differ substantially in academic performance: Final Grade ANOVA η² = 0.770, with C0 exceeding C1 by 40.17 exam-score points
• The six key principles of a trauma-informed approach span safety, trustworthiness, peer support, collaboration, empowerment, and cultural issues - The six key principles of a trauma-informed approach span safety, trustworthiness, peer support, collaboration, empowerment, and cultural issues
• The six long-chain Stage 3 workflows average 0.321 versus 0.559 across all other Stage 3 tasks and are the lowest-scoring family for 15 of 17 models - The six long-chain Stage 3 workflows average 0.321 versus 0.559 across all other Stage 3 tasks and are the lowest-scoring family for 15 of 17 models
• The six-path specification was structurally incomplete: exploratory direct paths from PNT to ACS, SRL, and CT improved fit beyond the hypothesised model - The six-path specification was structurally incomplete: exploratory direct paths from PNT to ACS, SRL, and CT improved fit beyond the hypothesised model
• The six-process structure of inductive reasoning fits fifth graders' figurative-test data better than a unidimensional model - The six-process structure of inductive reasoning fits fifth graders' figurative-test data better than a unidimensional model
• The six-year college graduation rate for CPS graduates enrolling in four-year colleges rose to 50 percent in 2014, 10 points below the national rate - The six-year college graduation rate for CPS graduates enrolling in four-year colleges rose to 50 percent in 2014, 10 points below the national rate
• The sixth-grade history course of the Committee of Eight is permeated with adult conceptions, raising unanswered questions about children's impressions - The sixth-grade history course of the Committee of Eight is permeated with adult conceptions, raising unanswered questions about children's impressions
• The size of tutoring programs' effects on student math knowledge aligned with the quality of their implementation - The size of tutoring programs' effects on student math knowledge aligned with the quality of their implementation
• The Skill-Application Paradox: stopped competitive programmers self-report higher theoretical confidence than active peers yet show significantly weaker practice habits and peer support - The Skill-Application Paradox: stopped competitive programmers self-report higher theoretical confidence than active peers yet show significantly weaker practice habits and peer support
• The skills required in a world powered by ChatGPT and related technologies will be different from those demanded previously - The skills required in a world powered by ChatGPT and related technologies will be different from those demanded previously
• The SKT-SRL correlates moderately with self-reported SRL strategy usage (convergent validity) - The SKT-SRL correlates moderately with self-reported SRL strategy usage (convergent validity)
• The SKT-SRL shows acceptable-to-very good internal consistency across subscales - The SKT-SRL shows acceptable-to-very good internal consistency across subscales
• The SKT-SRL shows low, mostly non-significant correlations with SRL microanalysis (online measure) - The SKT-SRL shows low, mostly non-significant correlations with SRL microanalysis (online measure)
• The SleepSound team applied science, computer engineering, and product design practices in more segments and at higher simultaneous intensity than the other two teams - The SleepSound team applied science, computer engineering, and product design practices in more segments and at higher simultaneous intensity than the other two teams
• The small groups did not improve on questions 1 and 4, G2 declined on questions 2 and 3, and G3 improved only on question 2 - The small groups did not improve on questions 1 and 4, G2 declined on questions 2 and 3, and G3 improved only on question 2
• The small open-weights Qwen2.5-1.5B model is the weakest arm in both languages, with Spanish thematic weighted F1 of 0.31 zero-shot rising to 0.63 with few-shot - The small open-weights Qwen2.5-1.5B model is the weakest arm in both languages, with Spanish thematic weighted F1 of 0.31 zero-shot rising to 0.63 with few-shot
• The SMMR multi-expert framework significantly outperforms single-model methods on DAIC-WOZ and 48 psychiatric case studies, improving accuracy and F1-score and reducing PHQ-8 errors - The SMMR multi-expert framework significantly outperforms single-model methods on DAIC-WOZ and 48 psychiatric case studies, improving accuracy and F1-score and reducing PHQ-8 errors
• The social network perspective rests on three assumptions: interdependence, relationships as resource exchanges, and structure enabling or constraining access to resources - The social network perspective rests on three assumptions: interdependence, relationships as resource exchanges, and structure enabling or constraining access to resources
• The social perspective taking induction increased treatment teachers' effort to understand their focal students (Cohen's d = 0.51) - The social perspective taking induction increased treatment teachers' effort to understand their focal students (Cohen's d = 0.51)
• The Social Perspective Taking professional development study was preregistered with its confirmatory analysis plan registered before data examination and unchanged thereafter - The Social Perspective Taking professional development study was preregistered with its confirmatory analysis plan registered before data examination and unchanged thereafter
• The social presence subscale of the CoI survey instrument shows inconsistent dimensionality across validation studies - The social presence subscale of the CoI survey instrument shows inconsistent dimensionality across validation studies
• The social responsibility measurement model required the most item removals, with global justice and personal responsibility items dropped in the Vietnamese context - The social responsibility measurement model required the most item removals, with global justice and personal responsibility items dropped in the Vietnamese context
• The software's content-blind structure makes important controversy actors difficult to find, prompting students to repurpose tool features to the task - The software's content-blind structure makes important controversy actors difficult to find, prompting students to repurpose tool features to the task
• The software-product reporting gap persists within each review stage, and reported precision and recall vary widely across approaches - The software-product reporting gap persists within each review stage, and reported precision and recall vary widely across approaches
• The solving–pedagogy correlation is statistically fragile: leave-one-out Pearson correlations range from 0.251 to 0.887, rising to 0.887 when Qwen2.5-Math-7B-Instruct is removed - The solving–pedagogy correlation is statistically fragile: leave-one-out Pearson correlations range from 0.251 to 0.887, rising to 0.887 when Qwen2.5-Math-7B-Instruct is removed
• The spacing benefit holds even at very short retention intervals, contradicting the Peterson paradox - The spacing benefit holds even at very short retention intervals, contradicting the Peterson paradox
• The spacing-induced practice decrement is confined to the first two quiz questions, with no significant difference on the third - The spacing-induced practice decrement is confined to the first two quiz questions, with no significant difference on the third
• The Spanish math test population is predominantly Hispanic (about 78%), unlike the English math test population (about 15%), with implications for Spanish norms - The Spanish math test population is predominantly Hispanic (about 78%), unlike the English math test population (about 15%), with implications for Spanish norms
• The spatial curriculum produced longitudinal neural changes during reasoning: increased aIPS activity, increased SpatialMap-to-DLPFC connectivity, and increased nonspatial-to-spatial representational similarity - The spatial curriculum produced longitudinal neural changes during reasoning: increased aIPS activity, increased SpatialMap-to-DLPFC connectivity, and increased nonspatial-to-spatial representational
• The spatial curriculum produced near transfer to improved spatial scanning and increased self-reported spatial habits of mind, but not to mental rotation - The spatial curriculum produced near transfer to improved spatial scanning and increased self-reported spatial habits of mind, but not to mental rotation
• The spatial pathway to mathematical competence is relatively more important for boys and the in-class attention pathway for girls, confirming the differential contributions hypothesis - The spatial pathway to mathematical competence is relatively more important for boys and the in-class attention pathway for girls, confirming the differential contributions hypothesis
• The Splash and Bubbles show was positively received, with most families reporting children enjoyed it and learned ocean science concepts - The Splash and Bubbles show was positively received, with most families reporting children enjoyed it and learned ocean science concepts
• The spoken–written advantage over spoken-only presentation appears for system-paced but not learner-paced materials - The spoken–written advantage over spoken-only presentation appears for system-paced but not learner-paced materials
• The spotlight effect: people overestimate how much others notice them, across flattering and embarrassing contexts - The spotlight effect: people overestimate how much others notice them, across flattering and embarrassing contexts
• The SPREE process can help build or strengthen a culture of measurement, learning and evaluation even where it is initially absent - The SPREE process can help build or strengthen a culture of measurement, learning and evaluation even where it is initially absent
• The SREM predicts time to reclassification more accurately than a conventional discrete-time hazard model - The SREM predicts time to reclassification more accurately than a conventional discrete-time hazard model
• The SRI program produced a statistically significant positive effect on knowledge of reading strategies after one year of intervention in Grade 3 - The SRI program produced a statistically significant positive effect on knowledge of reading strategies after one year of intervention in Grade 3
• The SRL-O has a 10-factor structure covering motivational beliefs and learning strategies for online learners - The SRL-O has a 10-factor structure covering motivational beliefs and learning strategies for online learners
• The SRL-O supports both ten lower-order subscales and two superordinate factors (motivational beliefs and learning strategies) - The SRL-O supports both ten lower-order subscales and two superordinate factors (motivational beliefs and learning strategies)
• The stability of social-emotional learning competencies over time is an open empirical question with implications for teachers and schools - The stability of social-emotional learning competencies over time is an open empirical question with implications for teachers and schools
• The stage-setting hypothesis emphasises long-term developmental interplay among EF, MC, SR and SRL - The stage-setting hypothesis emphasises long-term developmental interplay among EF, MC, SR and SRL
• The star-to-sentiment labeling rule agrees with human review-level labels at Cohen's kappa 0.66 with 82% accuracy on 3,000 RateMyProfessor teacher reviews - The star-to-sentiment labeling rule agrees with human review-level labels at Cohen's kappa 0.66 with 82% accuracy on 3,000 RateMyProfessor teacher reviews
• The state-developed Middle School Engage! Career Exploration and Readiness course was underutilized, accounting for just 0.4 percent of statewide enrollments - The state-developed Middle School Engage!
• The stepwise-MCQ benefit is most robust for questions with noncompetitive answer options and for learners who report trying to retrieve the answer during the delay. - The stepwise-MCQ benefit is most robust for questions with noncompetitive answer options and for learners who report trying to retrieve the answer during the delay.
• The STIR partnership anticipates that schools will report more students at or above early literacy benchmarks relative to prior years - The STIR partnership anticipates that schools will report more students at or above early literacy benchmarks relative to prior years
• The strategic surface learner is the lowest-scoring Stage 2 profile for 15 of 17 models, averaging 0.702 versus 0.757 across the other profiles - The strategic surface learner is the lowest-scoring Stage 2 profile for 15 of 17 models, averaging 0.702 versus 0.757 across the other profiles
• The strategy intervention improved third graders' adaptive use of strategies relative to untreated classmates - The strategy intervention improved third graders' adaptive use of strategies relative to untreated classmates
• The strength of reciprocal relationship-emotion associations differs across discrete achievement emotions - The strength of reciprocal relationship-emotion associations differs across discrete achievement emotions
• The strict-persona collapse is attributed to the preamble's two credit-withholding policy sentences, not its harsh tone, with S2 alone causing refusal in two models - The strict-persona collapse is attributed to the preamble's two credit-withholding policy sentences, not its harsh tone, with S2 alone causing refusal in two models
• The strict-persona vulnerability replicates on an independent machine-learning exam, but its direction is exam-specific: seven of 17 models improve because the persona cancels their over-marking - The strict-persona vulnerability replicates on an independent machine-learning exam, but its direction is exam-specific: seven of 17 models improve because the persona cancels their over-marking
• The strongest college-readiness predictors measure four broad constructs: academic preparation, aspirations and expectations, socioeconomic status, and teacher perceptions - The strongest college-readiness predictors measure four broad constructs: academic preparation, aspirations and expectations, socioeconomic status, and teacher perceptions
• The strongest FFL validity relationships are in the systems leadership and professional and community leadership domains - The strongest FFL validity relationships are in the systems leadership and professional and community leadership domains
• The Stroop condition elicits significantly more left DLPFC activation than the NonStroop condition in preschoolers - The Stroop condition elicits significantly more left DLPFC activation than the NonStroop condition in preschoolers
• The structural model explains 71.6% of variance in GenAI-assisted learning procrastination and 58.5% in behavioral intention - The structural model explains 71.6% of variance in GenAI-assisted learning procrastination and 58.5% in behavioral intention
• The structural model explains about half the variance in critical thinking and technical problem-solving and about a third in metacognitive self-regulation - The structural model explains about half the variance in critical thinking and technical problem-solving and about a third in metacognitive self-regulation
• The Struggling profile exhibited a fragmented AI-support pattern, with strong ENA connections between foundational scaffolding and irrelevant/off-task responses alongside cognitive offloading and collaborative impasse - The Struggling profile exhibited a fragmented AI-support pattern, with strong ENA connections between foundational scaffolding and irrelevant/off-task responses alongside cognitive offloading and coll
• The Student Electronic Exit Ticket (SEET) is useful for gathering student perspectives on coherence, relevance, and participation during OpenSciEd enactment - The Student Electronic Exit Ticket (SEET) is useful for gathering student perspectives on coherence, relevance, and participation during OpenSciEd enactment
• The student growth measure used as criterion is supported by a substantial correlation with course grades (r = .68) reported in prior work - The student growth measure used as criterion is supported by a substantial correlation with course grades (r = .68) reported in prior work
• The student-centered shift in reflective discussion between Sessions #1 and #3 remained only in the experimental condition, with a medium effect size - The student-centered shift in reflective discussion between Sessions #1 and #3 remained only in the experimental condition, with a medium effect size
• The student-tutor relationship alone is judged insufficient: peer mixing and virtual communities are needed to counter isolation in online research supervision - The student-tutor relationship alone is judged insufficient: peer mixing and virtual communities are needed to counter isolation in online research supervision
• The Students as Researchers project is transformational in nature, per the author's appraisal - The Students as Researchers project is transformational in nature, per the author's appraisal
• The study addresses whether performance on the low-stakes PISA reading and mathematics assessments can be fostered by coaching and pretesting - The study addresses whether performance on the low-stakes PISA reading and mathematics assessments can be fostered by coaching and pretesting
• The study also examines persistence in college over the first two postsecondary years - The study also examines persistence in college over the first two postsecondary years
• The study analyzed data from classrooms using math curricula to correlate instructional practices with student achievement, and its technical appendix documents the data, curricula, and methods. - The study analyzed data from classrooms using math curricula to correlate instructional practices with student achievement, and its technical appendix documents the data, curricula, and methods.
• The study assessed enthusiasm and instructional behaviour from both teacher and student perspectives with 323 teachers and their 9th-grade classes - The study assessed enthusiasm and instructional behaviour from both teacher and student perspectives with 323 teachers and their 9th-grade classes
• The study assessed rating stability for 2,424 principals and predictive validity for 123 principals using Pennsylvania statewide data - The study assessed rating stability for 2,424 principals and predictive validity for 123 principals using Pennsylvania statewide data
• The study collects concurrent validity evidence on the IRLA framework as a potential RTI screening tool - The study collects concurrent validity evidence on the IRLA framework as a potential RTI screening tool
• The study compared feedback-uptake relationships across two immersion settings totaling 18.3 hr of French and 14.8 hr of Japanese classroom interaction - The study compared feedback-uptake relationships across two immersion settings totaling 18.3 hr of French and 14.8 hr of Japanese classroom interaction
• The study compared reading growth for students with visual impairments with a nationally normed group of students from the general population - The study compared reading growth for students with visual impairments with a nationally normed group of students from the general population
• The study concluded FAST is unlikely to meaningfully contribute to turning around low-performing schools, though reading benefits may exist for participating families - The study concluded FAST is unlikely to meaningfully contribute to turning around low-performing schools, though reading benefits may exist for participating families
• The study could not determine whether knowledge gains transferred to participants' classroom teaching - The study could not determine whether knowledge gains transferred to participants' classroom teaching
• The study demonstrates the need for particular instructional supports, including differentiated expertise-building opportunities and addressing teacher beliefs about computational-model construction - The study demonstrates the need for particular instructional supports, including differentiated expertise-building opportunities and addressing teacher beliefs about computational-model construction
• The study distinguishes three EL service-history groups with distinct achievement and growth profiles - The study distinguishes three EL service-history groups with distinct achievement and growth profiles
• The study documents the prevalence and size of IT skill certification programs in 2002 - The study documents the prevalence and size of IT skill certification programs in 2002
• The study evaluates the relative importance of educational reforms and gaming behavior in generating test score gains by threatened schools - The study evaluates the relative importance of educational reforms and gaming behavior in generating test score gains by threatened schools
• The study examined how LLMs affected group dynamics, idea generation, consensus building, and overall productivity in team-based projects - The study examined how LLMs affected group dynamics, idea generation, consensus building, and overall productivity in team-based projects
• The study examined seven Pennsylvania school districts to test whether hybrid-instruction COVID-19 trends paralleled or exceeded local community trends - The study examined seven Pennsylvania school districts to test whether hybrid-instruction COVID-19 trends paralleled or exceeded local community trends
• The study examined student perceptions of the genAI agent and its integration into team processes - The study examined student perceptions of the genAI agent and its integration into team processes
• The study examined the genAI agent's influence on team discussion and outcomes and the influence of faculty facilitators on acceptance of the agent - The study examined the genAI agent's influence on team discussion and outcomes and the influence of faculty facilitators on acceptance of the agent
• The study examines charter high school effects on educational attainment in two settings, Florida and Chicago - The study examines charter high school effects on educational attainment in two settings, Florida and Chicago
• The study examines differences between State Apprenticeship Agency states and DOL Office of Apprenticeship states in registration of apprenticeship and pre-apprenticeship programs - The study examines differences between State Apprenticeship Agency states and DOL Office of Apprenticeship states in registration of apprenticeship and pre-apprenticeship programs
• The study examines how CAT test design and item bank distribution affect content coverage and test efficiency in a CCSS-aligned reading comprehension test - The study examines how CAT test design and item bank distribution affect content coverage and test efficiency in a CCSS-aligned reading comprehension test
• The study examines post-COVID trends in gender gaps in 8th grade STEM skills using three national assessments and Algebra enrollment data - The study examines post-COVID trends in gender gaps in 8th grade STEM skills using three national assessments and Algebra enrollment data
• The study examines student participation mix, program issues, and certification and other outcomes - The study examines student participation mix, program issues, and certification and other outcomes
• The study examines the social gradient in students’ achievement motivation through an integrative data analysis spanning two decades of PISA data - The study examines the social gradient in students’ achievement motivation through an integrative data analysis spanning two decades of PISA data
• The study examines whether rapid guessing over several tests is associated with background variables such as English learner status - The study examines whether rapid guessing over several tests is associated with background variables such as English learner status
• The study examines whether some early elementary school math curricula are more effective than others at improving math achievement in schools serving a high percentage of disadvantaged students. - The study examines whether some early elementary school math curricula are more effective than others at improving math achievement in schools serving a high percentage of disadvantaged students.
• The study explored whether 8th-grade Algebra enrollment varied by gender during and after the pandemic - The study explored whether 8th-grade Algebra enrollment varied by gender during and after the pandemic
• The study explores hypotheses about factors that predict the magnitude of cross-site impact variation - The study explores hypotheses about factors that predict the magnitude of cross-site impact variation
• The study extends a previous paper that examined the 1995 earnings of a cohort of students who entered college in 1976 - The study extends a previous paper that examined the 1995 earnings of a cohort of students who entered college in 1976
• The study found no evidence for enhanced attentional capacity in bilingual children, behaviourally or neurally - The study found no evidence for enhanced attentional capacity in bilingual children, behaviourally or neurally
• The study found no evidence of age differences in relational reasoning performance, possibly due to design choices maximising sensitivity to audience effects - The study found no evidence of age differences in relational reasoning performance, possibly due to design choices maximising sensitivity to audience effects
• The study frames schooling as a candidate explanation for the development of racial and ethnic inequalities in academic skills - The study frames schooling as a candidate explanation for the development of racial and ethnic inequalities in academic skills
• The study gives explicit consideration to cultural differences and similarities in learning, including English learners and learners with learning disabilities - The study gives explicit consideration to cultural differences and similarities in learning, including English learners and learners with learning disabilities
• The study is the first to examine whether PARCC assessments identify students who are ready for college - The study is the first to examine whether PARCC assessments identify students who are ready for college
• The study is the first to examine whether PARCC assessments identify students who are ready for college, and it was commissioned to inform Massachusetts's decision between MCAS and PARCC - The study is the first to examine whether PARCC assessments identify students who are ready for college, and it was commissioned to inform Massachusetts's decision between MCAS and PARCC
• The study is the first to examine whether the teacher-child relationship moderates the link between peer rejection and language competence - The study is the first to examine whether the teacher-child relationship moderates the link between peer rejection and language competence
• The study is the largest experimental-design study of multiple math curricula, covering 110 schools with this report based on the first cohort of 39 schools - The study is the largest experimental-design study of multiple math curricula, covering 110 schools with this report based on the first cohort of 39 schools
• The study long-term tracked 1,177 students who applied to 13 oversubscribed KIPP middle schools through 2008 or 2009 admissions lotteries - The study long-term tracked 1,177 students who applied to 13 oversubscribed KIPP middle schools through 2008 or 2009 admissions lotteries
• The study replicates Johnson and Newport (1989) and explains the apparent exceptions in that study - The study replicates Johnson and Newport (1989) and explains the apparent exceptions in that study
• The study targeted students with learning disabilities, mild and moderate mental retardation, and other health impairments - The study targeted students with learning disabilities, mild and moderate mental retardation, and other health impairments
• The study tested the interaction of explicit instruction with complexity and morphology/syntax across four L2 structures - The study tested the interaction of explicit instruction with complexity and morphology/syntax across four L2 structures
• The study tracked the achievement gap between COVID-year student cohorts and their pre-pandemic peers - The study tracked the achievement gap between COVID-year student cohorts and their pre-pandemic peers
• The study treats data infrastructure and performance measurement as a dimension of state apprenticeship expansion and success - The study treats data infrastructure and performance measurement as a dimension of state apprenticeship expansion and success
• The study used pre- and post-semester surveys with Likert-scale literacy-confidence items and open-text ethical reflection, thematically analysed - The study used pre- and post-semester surveys with Likert-scale literacy-confidence items and open-text ethical reflection, thematically analysed
• The study used two sets of analyses—rating stability and the stable component's link to future contributions—to simulate each measure's predictive accuracy - The study used two sets of analyses—rating stability and the stable component's link to future contributions—to simulate each measure's predictive accuracy
• The study's analysis plan was preregistered on OSF before data examination, with no changes to the primary confirmatory analysis - The study's analysis plan was preregistered on OSF before data examination, with no changes to the primary confirmatory analysis
• The study's conclusions rest on only sixty-five individually tested unretarded cases, limiting generalization - The study's conclusions rest on only sixty-five individually tested unretarded cases, limiting generalization
• The study's findings suggest AI-supported inquiry-based learning mainly supports creativity and affective development, with limited effect on problem-solving skills - The study's findings suggest AI-supported inquiry-based learning mainly supports creativity and affective development, with limited effect on problem-solving skills
• The study's generalizability is limited by its rural, small, relatively homogeneous context - The study's generalizability is limited by its rural, small, relatively homogeneous context
• The study's invariance findings may be biased by excluding students who missed a test and by sample heterogeneity - The study's invariance findings may be biased by excluding students who missed a test and by sample heterogeneity
• The study's objective was to determine empirically whether feedback can help learners learn abstract constraints on an overgeneral rule, not merely surface forms. - The study's objective was to determine empirically whether feedback can help learners learn abstract constraints on an overgeneral rule, not merely surface forms.
• The stylometric detector misclassified 4 of 18 independently authored documents as GPT-assisted (FPR 22.2%) and 2 of 18 GPT-assisted documents (FNR 11.1%), with wide confidence intervals - The stylometric detector misclassified 4 of 18 independently authored documents as GPT-assisted (FPR 22.2%) and 2 of 18 GPT-assisted documents (FNR 11.1%), with wide confidence intervals
• The subset-to-cardinal-principle knower-level transition coincides with the largest longitudinal gains in ANS acuity, exceeding other transition types - The subset-to-cardinal-principle knower-level transition coincides with the largest longitudinal gains in ANS acuity, exceeding other transition types
• The subtraction borrowing effect is more pronounced in children with cochlear implants than in hearing peers - The subtraction borrowing effect is more pronounced in children with cochlear implants than in hearing peers
• The success of form-focused instruction in building implicit knowledge depends on the choice of target structure and the extent of the instruction - The success of form-focused instruction in building implicit knowledge depends on the choice of target structure and the extent of the instruction
• The superiority of the combined directed method held across all ability levels, with the advantage present in every section of a grouped correlation table - The superiority of the combined directed method held across all ability levels, with the advantage present in every section of a grouped correlation table
• The supervised school system showed a larger range of grade-to-grade drawing progress (5.53 units from grade 1A to 8A) than the unsupervised system (2.44 units) - The supervised school system showed a larger range of grade-to-grade drawing progress (5.53 units from grade 1A to 8A) than the unsupervised system (2.44 units)
• The supporting evidence for FLIGHT comes from a single randomized controlled trial with compromised random assignment - The supporting evidence for FLIGHT comes from a single randomized controlled trial with compromised random assignment
• The supporting evidence for TEEMSS comes from a quasi-experimental study meeting WWC standards only with reservations - The supporting evidence for TEEMSS comes from a quasi-experimental study meeting WWC standards only with reservations
• The supporting evidence is a randomized controlled trial in which 108 kindergarten English learners watched 54 episodes of Arthur or Between the Lions over one school year - The supporting evidence is a randomized controlled trial in which 108 kindergarten English learners watched 54 episodes of Arthur or Between the Lions over one school year
• The survey instrument's nine constructs show convergent and discriminant validity in this sample - The survey instrument's nine constructs show convergent and discriminant validity in this sample
• The survey reports, citing Desmarais and Baker, that students using the BKT-sequence recommendation algorithm solved more difficult exercises, obtained higher performance and spent more time in the system than students using the traditional approach. - The survey reports, citing Desmarais and Baker, that students using the BKT-sequence recommendation algorithm solved more difficult exercises, obtained higher performance and spent more time in the sy
• The survey reports, citing Jung et al., that students' language proficiency as side information was effective in promoting several KT models, including DKT, DKVMN and SAKT. - The survey reports, citing Jung et al., that students' language proficiency as side information was effective in promoting several KT models, including DKT, DKVMN and SAKT.
• The survey reports, citing Lee and Brunskill, that individualized BKT in an intelligent tutoring system reduced by about half the questions required for 20% of students to achieve mastery. - The survey reports, citing Lee and Brunskill, that individualized BKT in an intelligent tutoring system reduced by about half the questions required for 20% of students to achieve mastery.
• The survey reports, citing Long and Aleven, that students who used DragonBox enjoyed the experience more, while students who used the Lynnette intelligent tutoring system performed significantly better on the test. - The survey reports, citing Long and Aleven, that students who used DragonBox enjoyed the experience more, while students who used the Lynnette intelligent tutoring system performed significantly bette
• The survey reports, citing Lu et al., that xAI-based interpretations of deep knowledge tracing were demonstrated to aid in enhancing the trust of students and teachers. - The survey reports, citing Lu et al., that xAI-based interpretations of deep knowledge tracing were demonstrated to aid in enhancing the trust of students and teachers.
• The survey reports, citing Mongkhonvanit et al., that DKT achieved better performance when binarized MOOC video-engagement covariates were incorporated. - The survey reports, citing Mongkhonvanit et al., that DKT achieved better performance when binarized MOOC video-engagement covariates were incorporated.
• The survey reports, citing Pavlik et al., that no single knowledge tracing model was always the best, and that a better model must consider multiple student features and the learning context. - The survey reports, citing Pavlik et al., that no single knowledge tracing model was always the best, and that a better model must consider multiple student features and the learning context.
• The survey reports, citing Pu and Becker, that removing students' repeated interactions on the same exercises reduced AKT's performance to close to that of DKVMN. - The survey reports, citing Pu and Becker, that removing students' repeated interactions on the same exercises reduced AKT's performance to close to that of DKVMN.
• The survey reports, citing Qiu et al., that BKT consistently overestimates the accuracy of students' answers when a day or more has elapsed since their previous responses. - The survey reports, citing Qiu et al., that BKT consistently overestimates the accuracy of students' answers when a day or more has elapsed since their previous responses.
• The survey states that deep learning knowledge tracing models exhibit superior performance to Bayesian and logistic models but have significant room for improvement in interpretability. - The survey states that deep learning knowledge tracing models exhibit superior performance to Bayesian and logistic models but have significant room for improvement in interpretability.
• The SVAS group outperformed the comparison group across oral comprehension and vocabulary rubrics, with the largest gaps in answering questions and translating from Ukrainian - The SVAS group outperformed the comparison group across oral comprehension and vocabulary rubrics, with the largest gaps in answering questions and translating from Ukrainian
• The SWELL logic model posits long-term positive impacts on English learner English proficiency and on literacy achievement, including writing, for all students served - The SWELL logic model posits long-term positive impacts on English learner English proficiency and on literacy achievement, including writing, for all students served
• The SWELL logic model posits medium-term improvements in teachers' literacy instruction and ability to accommodate language learning and embed CLRI - The SWELL logic model posits medium-term improvements in teachers' literacy instruction and ability to accommodate language learning and embed CLRI
• The SWELL logic model posits that participating teachers will increase self-efficacy in literacy instruction and in supporting English learner students - The SWELL logic model posits that participating teachers will increase self-efficacy in literacy instruction and in supporting English learner students
• The SWPBIS effect on the responding-to-behavioral-violations subscale was significant only when comparing Year 1 and Year 4 - The SWPBIS effect on the responding-to-behavioral-violations subscale was significant only when comparing Year 1 and Year 4
• The sycophancy-focused intervention significantly reduced the assistant's positional mirroring of incorrect user rankings and rank-order alignment - The sycophancy-focused intervention significantly reduced the assistant's positional mirroring of incorrect user rankings and rank-order alignment
• The SYMP Test shows convergent validity with a computerized version of the task and discriminant validity against spelling achievement - The SYMP Test shows convergent validity with a computerized version of the task and discriminant validity against spelling achievement
• The SYMP Test shows satisfactory test-retest reliability, with overall-score correlations between .72 and .86 across Grades 1–6 - The SYMP Test shows satisfactory test-retest reliability, with overall-score correlations between .72 and .86 across Grades 1–6
• The syntactic-priming task with noncanonical word order is the best single predictor of age among the four sentence-production conditions - The syntactic-priming task with noncanonical word order is the best single predictor of age among the four sentence-production conditions
• The Synthesizer is expected to reduce perceived overload and support affect relative to unstructured comment lists - The Synthesizer is expected to reduce perceived overload and support affect relative to unstructured comment lists
• The Synthesizer is expected to support uptake and action planning compared with unsynthesized feedback - The Synthesizer is expected to support uptake and action planning compared with unsynthesized feedback
• The system has no empirical evaluation yet: profile accuracy has not been assessed and learning outcomes remain an open question - The system has no empirical evaluation yet: profile accuracy has not been assessed and learning outcomes remain an open question
• The system receives a good average usability rating (SUS 69.7, grade B) but with wide individual variation, which the authors take to suggest UI consistency issues - The system receives a good average usability rating (SUS 69.7, grade B) but with wide individual variation, which the authors take to suggest UI consistency issues
• The system's error detection recall rate for complex rhythm errors was 91.2% ± 1.8% - The system's error detection recall rate for complex rhythm errors was 91.2% ± 1.8%
• The system's generated practice trajectories align with learner skill levels at a peak cosine similarity of 0.962 ± 0.014 at the primary difficulty level - The system's generated practice trajectories align with learner skill levels at a peak cosine similarity of 0.962 ± 0.014 at the primary difficulty level
• The TA ground truth was produced under a one-rater-per-item design with co-grading, an exceptions log, instructor audit, and student review, with an estimated grading-error rate of about 0.1% in the student-inspected subsample - The TA ground truth was produced under a one-rater-per-item design with co-grading, an exceptions log, instructor audit, and student review, with an estimated grading-error rate of about 0.1% in the s
• The talking head contributes little to AutoTutor's learning gains; the content of the conversation matters - The talking head contributes little to AutoTutor's learning gains; the content of the conversation matters
• The tangible nature of TapaCarp helped integrate it in the classroom environment - The tangible nature of TapaCarp helped integrate it in the classroom environment
• The tape timer affords study of downward motion only, so the direction of acceleration and the acceleration at the turning point cannot be addressed - The tape timer affords study of downward motion only, so the direction of acceleration and the acceleration at the turning point cannot be addressed
• The targeted sample's math/science identity was low on average but showed variability, motivating the moderation analysis - The targeted sample's math/science identity was low on average but showed variability, motivating the moderation analysis
• The taxonomy decodes overlapping misconceptions behind a single observed loop-tracing error - The taxonomy decodes overlapping misconceptions behind a single observed loop-tracing error
• The taxonomy organises LLM-supported journalistic tasks into four stages: newsgathering, sensemaking, editing, and publication/distribution - The taxonomy organises LLM-supported journalistic tasks into four stages: newsgathering, sensemaking, editing, and publication/distribution
• The TBI advantage over SBI is larger under open-ended tasks than under structured tasks - The TBI advantage over SBI is larger under open-ended tasks than under structured tasks
• The TC effect grows with prime time: it is significantly larger at 300 ms than at 60 ms and 150 ms, and does not decrease with longer prime time - The TC effect grows with prime time: it is significantly larger at 300 ms than at 60 ms and 150 ms, and does not decrease with longer prime time
• The TCSA literature is sparse, with very few empirical or quantitative studies of the models' measurement properties - The TCSA literature is sparse, with very few empirical or quantitative studies of the models' measurement properties
• The teacher increased task complexity in the IW condition by deteriorating the patient's vital signs in response to student actions, and decreased complexity in the TW condition by structuring the task - The teacher increased task complexity in the IW condition by deteriorating the patient's vital signs in response to student actions, and decreased complexity in the TW condition by structuring the tas
• The Teacher Potential Project produced positive impacts on specific Common Core-aligned instructional practices, including engaging students with texts, supporting text evidence use, and supporting higher order thinking - The Teacher Potential Project produced positive impacts on specific Common Core-aligned instructional practices, including engaging students with texts, supporting text evidence use, and supporting hi
• The Teacher Residency Grant Program supported nearly 1,400 funded residents through 2023, with residency programs graduating nearly 5,000 residents between 2021 and 2024, many in shortage fields and most residents people of color - The Teacher Residency Grant Program supported nearly 1,400 funded residents through 2023, with residency programs graduating nearly 5,000 residents between 2021 and 2024, many in shortage fields and m
• The teacher supported understanding of assignments by reformulating scientific terms into everyday concepts and by contextualising the lab experiment - The teacher supported understanding of assignments by reformulating scientific terms into everyday concepts and by contextualising the lab experiment
• The Teacher Team Method and Full Roster Method produce similar estimates of teacher value added - The Teacher Team Method and Full Roster Method produce similar estimates of teacher value added
• The Teacher Team Method and Full Roster Method provide a more stable approach than the Partial Credit Method for estimating teacher effects when students have multiple teachers for the same subject. - The Teacher Team Method and Full Roster Method provide a more stable approach than the Partial Credit Method for estimating teacher effects when students have multiple teachers for the same subject.
• The teacher was the principal provider of oral corrective feedback, with peer and self-correction rarely proactively promoted - The teacher was the principal provider of oral corrective feedback, with peer and self-correction rarely proactively promoted
• The teacher with the more desirable interpersonal style showed overall coordination consistent with the complementarity principle, while the less desirable teacher's coordination did not - The teacher with the more desirable interpersonal style showed overall coordination consistent with the complementarity principle, while the less desirable teacher's coordination did not
• The teacher's agency system reached dynamic stability at the edge of chaos in the final period - The teacher's agency system reached dynamic stability at the edge of chaos in the final period
• The teacher-conference problem met the sweet spot of complexity: 10th graders generated solution ideas containing the targeted errors without solving the problem canonically - The teacher-conference problem met the sweet spot of complexity: 10th graders generated solution ideas containing the targeted errors without solving the problem canonically
• The teacher-student relationship has the strongest link with students' sense of belonging at school and mediates the link between egalitarianism and SOBAS - The teacher-student relationship has the strongest link with students' sense of belonging at school and mediates the link between egalitarianism and SOBAS
• The teacher-student SEC relationship is moderated by student SES, teacher years of experience, SEC measurement method, and grade level - The teacher-student SEC relationship is moderated by student SES, teacher years of experience, SEC measurement method, and grade level
• The teacher–teacher format received a significantly lower overall evaluation than the teacher–student format despite raising motivation, with no significant learner-characteristic interactions - The teacher–teacher format received a significantly lower overall evaluation than the teacher–student format despite raising motivation, with no significant learner-characteristic interactions
• The teaching-effectiveness disparity represents a small share of the overall achievement gap for disadvantaged students - The teaching-effectiveness disparity represents a small share of the overall achievement gap for disadvantaged students
• The team's open-track submissions with added features surpassed all other shared task submissions on all three languages, with RMSE near 0.7 - The team's open-track submissions with added features surpassed all other shared task submissions on all three languages, with RMSE near 0.7
• The technological gender gap emerges only within Technology-oriented pathways, with parity in Arts and Sciences - The technological gender gap emerges only within Technology-oriented pathways, with parity in Arts and Sciences
• The TEFA-T model and its supporting products are rated Very Practical by instructors and students - The TEFA-T model and its supporting products are rated Very Practical by instructors and students
• The TEFA-T model improves students' critical thinking skills on all measured indicators compared with conventional instruction - The TEFA-T model improves students' critical thinking skills on all measured indicators compared with conventional instruction
• The TEFA-T model produces significantly higher learning achievement than teacher-based instruction in automotive vocational courses - The TEFA-T model produces significantly higher learning achievement than teacher-based instruction in automotive vocational courses
• The TEFA-T model significantly improves students' metacognitive skills compared with conventional instruction - The TEFA-T model significantly improves students' metacognitive skills compared with conventional instruction
• The TEFA-T model syntax meets goodness-of-fit criteria in confirmatory factor analysis, supporting its construct validity - The TEFA-T model syntax meets goodness-of-fit criteria in confirmatory factor analysis, supporting its construct validity
• The temporal asymmetry holds across gender and initial ability levels, with a cautious gender difference in the French lagged effect - The temporal asymmetry holds across gender and initial ability levels, with a cautious gender difference in the French lagged effect
• The temporal asymmetry in effect sizes: contemporaneous skill effects on self-concept are moderate (d = 0.33 in French) while alternative cross-effects are null or negligible - The temporal asymmetry in effect sizes: contemporaneous skill effects on self-concept are moderate (d = 0.33 in French) while alternative cross-effects are null or negligible
• The temporal diversion channel is unavailable on commodity 60 Hz displays, leaving a weaker spatial-only variant - The temporal diversion channel is unavailable on commodity 60 Hz displays, leaving a weaker spatial-only variant
• The ten-construct instrument showed strong psychometric quality, with the four ARCS dimensions forming a psychometrically sound higher-order motivation construct - The ten-construct instrument showed strong psychometric quality, with the four ARCS dimensions forming a psychometrically sound higher-order motivation construct
• The ten-goal structure is completely invariant across instructor status groups, but groups differ in mean goal levels. - The ten-goal structure is completely invariant across instructor status groups, but groups differ in mean goal levels.
• The Terman (Stanford Revision) vocabulary test words show an order of difficulty for kindergarten and Grade I children that is noticeably different from the order indicated on the test blank. - The Terman (Stanford Revision) vocabulary test words show an order of difficulty for kindergarten and Grade I children that is noticeably different from the order indicated on the test blank.
• The test battery showed striking parallelism between growth of intelligence and age in unretarded children, with leaps at grade transitions - The test battery showed striking parallelism between growth of intelligence and age in unretarded children, with leaps at grade transitions
• The test benefit of interleaved practice does not diminish over time and perhaps grows larger (d = 0.79 at 30 days) - The test benefit of interleaved practice does not diminish over time and perhaps grows larger (d = 0.79 at 30 days)
• The test platform detects rapid guessing in real time and attempts to re-engage disengaged students to protect score validity - The test platform detects rapid guessing in real time and attempts to re-engage disengaged students to protect score validity
• The test yields an analytical diagnosis of classes and individuals, illustrated by a pupil profile identifying specific abilities needing improvement - The test yields an analytical diagnosis of classes and individuals, illustrated by a pupil profile identifying specific abilities needing improvement
• The test's exercises were validated by six expert judges who reached practical agreement after modification - The test's exercises were validated by six expert judges who reached practical agreement after modification
• The testing benefit for map learning holds under both quadrant-based and relative-position-based scoring, liberal and stringent - The testing benefit for map learning holds under both quadrant-based and relative-position-based scoring, liberal and stringent
• The testing effect for mathematics learning (testing versus restudy, g = 0.22) is not robust, as its 95% confidence interval crosses zero. - The testing effect for mathematics learning (testing versus restudy, g = 0.22) is not robust, as its 95% confidence interval crosses zero.
• The testing effect from frequent retrieval is revealed only on later comprehensive tests, not in performance in other courses - The testing effect from frequent retrieval is revealed only on later comprehensive tests, not in performance in other courses
• The testing effect has been demonstrated across a variety of mostly low-element-interactivity materials, but problem-solving tasks had received very little testing-effect research attention - The testing effect has been demonstrated across a variety of mostly low-element-interactivity materials, but problem-solving tasks had received very little testing-effect research attention
• The testing effect is largest at a retention interval of 1–6 days (g = 0.82) and robust across all intervals - The testing effect is largest at a retention interval of 1–6 days (g = 0.82) and robust across all intervals
• The tests had diagnostic value, corroborating teachers' experience and illuminating difficult cases - The tests had diagnostic value, corroborating teachers' experience and illuminating difficult cases
• The Text + Arithmetic format specifically improved procedural knowledge (executing action sequences to solve problems) - The Text + Arithmetic format specifically improved procedural knowledge (executing action sequences to solve problems)
• The text generation effect is largest for free-recall tests, smaller for cued recall, and near zero for other assessment tasks - The text generation effect is largest for free-recall tests, smaller for cued recall, and near zero for other assessment tasks
• The text generation effect shrinks with longer texts and is small and nonsignificant for texts over 900 words - The text generation effect shrinks with longer texts and is small and nonsignificant for texts over 900 words
• The text of children's picture books contains more unique word types than a length-matched sample of child-directed speech - The text of children's picture books contains more unique word types than a length-matched sample of child-directed speech
• The text-based LLM compensates for noisy OCR input, generating contextually accurate explanations even when OCR produces jumbled text from UI screenshots - The text-based LLM compensates for noisy OCR input, generating contextually accurate explanations even when OCR produces jumbled text from UI screenshots
• The text-recall benefit of problem analysis is confined to explanatory propositions; descriptive facts are not better remembered - The text-recall benefit of problem analysis is confined to explanatory propositions; descriptive facts are not better remembered
• The Theory of Multiple Intelligences is weak in stressing science and social sciences as fields of talent, and existing subject categories could nurture pupils' talents - The Theory of Multiple Intelligences is weak in stressing science and social sciences as fields of talent, and existing subject categories could nurture pupils' talents
• The theory-into-game profile appears only in Grades 1–5 and the traditional comprehensive profile is absent in Grade 1 - The theory-into-game profile appears only in Grades 1–5 and the traditional comprehensive profile is absent in Grade 1
• The thesis hypothesises that element interactivity of materials resolves the contradiction between the worked example effect and the generation effect - The thesis hypothesises that element interactivity of materials resolves the contradiction between the worked example effect and the generation effect
• The thesis hypothesises that with increasing expertise the worked example effect may be eliminated or reversed while the generation effect remains robust - The thesis hypothesises that with increasing expertise the worked example effect may be eliminated or reversed while the generation effect remains robust
• The thesis reports, citing Klahr and Nigam (2004), that discovered and explicitly taught science knowledge did not differ in quality - The thesis reports, citing Klahr and Nigam (2004), that discovered and explicitly taught science knowledge did not differ in quality
• The think-aloud emotion of sadness and prior knowledge predict coherence-based processing during reading of the other-side text - The think-aloud emotion of sadness and prior knowledge predict coherence-based processing during reading of the other-side text
• The think-aloud measure predicts word problem solving performance, explaining 33 percent of variance - The think-aloud measure predicts word problem solving performance, explaining 33 percent of variance
• The third ERD environment showed fewer later saved ERDs, more episodes without target-level revision, and lower early-stage incorporation than the other two environments - The third ERD environment showed fewer later saved ERDs, more episodes without target-level revision, and lower early-stage incorporation than the other two environments
• The third phase of expertise development uses episodic memories of actual patients in diagnosing new cases - The third phase of expertise development uses episodic memories of actual patients in diagnosing new cases
• The Thorndike-McCall correlates about 0.50 with other single comprehension tests and 0.69 with a composite of group intelligence tests - The Thorndike-McCall correlates about 0.50 with other single comprehension tests and 0.69 with a composite of group intelligence tests
• The threat of retention produced statistically significant increases in 3rd-grade math and reading performance before the retention decision - The threat of retention produced statistically significant increases in 3rd-grade math and reading performance before the retention decision
• The threat-by-gender pattern in reading occurred only among highly-identified students - The threat-by-gender pattern in reading occurred only among highly-identified students
• The threat-of-scream manipulation successfully induced sustained anxiety, with equivalent subjective and startle responses in adolescents and adults - The threat-of-scream manipulation successfully induced sustained anxiety, with equivalent subjective and startle responses in adolescents and adults
• The three emergent writing factors show distinct patterns of relations to general cognitive, language, and emergent literacy measures - The three emergent writing factors show distinct patterns of relations to general cognitive, language, and emergent literacy measures
• The three equivalence approaches offer students multiple avenues for mathematical connections and arguments - The three equivalence approaches offer students multiple avenues for mathematical connections and arguments
• The three estimation tasks do not represent the same construct in young children and should not be combined into composites - The three estimation tasks do not represent the same construct in young children and should not be combined into composites
• The three fine-tuned LLMs differ significantly in response length, readability, and similarity to posts - The three fine-tuned LLMs differ significantly in response length, readability, and similarity to posts
• The three groups did not differ in distinguishing conventional written signs from other visual signs - The three groups did not differ in distinguishing conventional written signs from other visual signs
• The three groups did not differ significantly in prior knowledge, working memory capacity, spatial ability, learning motivation, or baseline eye-movement measures - The three groups did not differ significantly in prior knowledge, working memory capacity, spatial ability, learning motivation, or baseline eye-movement measures
• The three groups exhibited three distinct collaboration forms—a centralized model, loosely coordinated collaboration, and balanced and regulated collaboration—with group 3 showing the highest regulative-action percentage (40% during synthesis) - The three groups exhibited three distinct collaboration forms—a centralized model, loosely coordinated collaboration, and balanced and regulated collaboration—with group 3 showing the highest regulati
• The three instruction items intercorrelate strongly enough to form an internally consistent scale, yet achievement is positively associated with two items and negatively with the third, so their common variance does not represent instructional quality - The three instruction items intercorrelate strongly enough to form an internally consistent scale, yet achievement is positively associated with two items and negatively with the third, so their commo
• The three major theories of artifact-people interaction operate at different levels: affordances individual, structuration societal, instrumental genesis small-group - The three major theories of artifact-people interaction operate at different levels: affordances individual, structuration societal, instrumental genesis small-group
• The three named educator concerns are time or workload of planning, enacting, and evaluating retrieval practice; perceived usefulness limited to basic knowledge; and test anxiety - The three named educator concerns are time or workload of planning, enacting, and evaluating retrieval practice; perceived usefulness limited to basic knowledge; and test anxiety
• The three pattern types differed significantly on behavioural codes (Type 1 > Type 2 > Type 3 for concept mapping) and on several interactive, cognitive and regulative codes, but not on socio-emotional codes - The three pattern types differed significantly on behavioural codes (Type 1 > Type 2 > Type 3 for concept mapping) and on several interactive, cognitive and regulative codes, but not on socio-emotiona
• The three physical activity indicators (active play, family/peers time, sedentary behavior) are all intercorrelated, with weak sedentary-behavior links - The three physical activity indicators (active play, family/peers time, sedentary behavior) are all intercorrelated, with weak sedentary-behavior links
• The three Pittsburgh teacher effectiveness measures are positively, moderately correlated, suggesting they are valid and complementary - The three Pittsburgh teacher effectiveness measures are positively, moderately correlated, suggesting they are valid and complementary
• The three planning conditions produced different accuracy orders for regular and irregular past, questioning the stability of the natural order - The three planning conditions produced different accuracy orders for regular and irregular past, questioning the stability of the natural order
• The three preparatory conditions did not differ on procedural knowledge acquisition - The three preparatory conditions did not differ on procedural knowledge acquisition
• The three PSRBVBQ scales show good internal consistency, with Cronbach's alphas of .732 (perceived severity), .841 (response to bully) and .897 (response to victim) - The three PSRBVBQ scales show good internal consistency, with Cronbach's alphas of .732 (perceived severity), .841 (response to bully) and .897 (response to victim)
• The three refinement strategies make distinct trade-offs when personalizing problems to topics that resist natural alignment with the original math - The three refinement strategies make distinct trade-offs when personalizing problems to topics that resist natural alignment with the original math
• The three specialized chatbot modes achieved their distinct pedagogical goals on RAGAS metrics: Quick Mode highest faithfulness (0.92), Deep Understanding near-perfect context recall (0.98) with intentionally low answer relevancy, Exam Coach highest answer relevancy (0.82) - The three specialized chatbot modes achieved their distinct pedagogical goals on RAGAS metrics: Quick Mode highest faithfulness (0.92), Deep Understanding near-perfect context recall (0.98) with inten
• The three strategies highest in both recognizing and exploring emotions were all identified in the same 20-minute emotional event - The three strategies highest in both recognizing and exploring emotions were all identified in the same 20-minute emotional event
• The three system architectures differ sharply in computational cost, with MAS-CMD trading the highest rubric scores for the greatest latency and token usage - The three system architectures differ sharply in computational cost, with MAS-CMD trading the highest rubric scores for the greatest latency and token usage
• The three test adaptation measures extend the prior work of Reckase, Zu, and Kim (2019) - The three test adaptation measures extend the prior work of Reckase, Zu, and Kim (2019)
• The three touch-based-action groups did not differ significantly on the identification test - The three touch-based-action groups did not differ significantly on the identification test
• The three Wilson Language Error Tests (A, B, and C) approach equality across grades III to XII - The three Wilson Language Error Tests (A, B, and C) approach equality across grades III to XII
• The three-dimensional teacher-reported model does not hold in all countries, so configural invariance was not achieved and cross-country comparison of teacher-perceived instructional quality was hardly possible - The three-dimensional teacher-reported model does not hold in all countries, so configural invariance was not achieved and cross-country comparison of teacher-perceived instructional quality was hardl
• The three-way group × time × practice interaction was significant for explicitness but not duration: MCS explicitness rose more in the SRL-AIDE group while KC explicitness rose more in the comparison group - The three-way group × time × practice interaction was significant for explicitness but not duration: MCS explicitness rose more in the SRL-AIDE group while KC explicitness rose more in the comparison
• The threshold-like usage pattern at the lower end of the scale is strongest for training interest and accuracy trust rather than uniform across outcomes - The threshold-like usage pattern at the lower end of the scale is strongest for training interest and accuracy trust rather than uniform across outcomes
• The TIF evaluation is designed to estimate impacts of performance pay on student achievement and on educators' attitudes, awareness, mobility, and recruitment - The TIF evaluation is designed to estimate impacts of performance pay on student achievement and on educators' attitudes, awareness, mobility, and recruitment
• The TIF evaluation provides an in-depth analysis of implementation and pay-for-performance impacts for ten districts after three years, and program-wide implementation descriptions for all 2010 grantees - The TIF evaluation provides an in-depth analysis of implementation and pay-for-performance impacts for ten districts after three years, and program-wide implementation descriptions for all 2010 grante
• The Timeline condition's advantage was concentrated in time-related test items and disappeared in the long run - The Timeline condition's advantage was concentrated in time-related test items and disappeared in the long run
• The timing of acute exercise relative to learning modulates memory consolidation
• The Tips by Text intervention did not produce significant improvements in children's early reading-related skills (YARC) relative to control - The Tips by Text intervention did not produce significant improvements in children's early reading-related skills (YARC) relative to control
• The Tips by Text intervention did not produce significant improvements in children's socioemotional outcomes (SDQ) relative to control - The Tips by Text intervention did not produce significant improvements in children's socioemotional outcomes (SDQ) relative to control
• The ToM–achievement association does not differ significantly across reading comprehension, math, and general academic performance domains - The ToM–achievement association does not differ significantly across reading comprehension, math, and general academic performance domains
• The ToM–achievement association is significantly weaker in European samples than in Asian and North American samples - The ToM–achievement association is significantly weaker in European samples than in Asian and North American samples
• The tool's effect differs by timing: early AI acts as a momentum starter, later AI as a deepener raising narrative transportation - The tool's effect differs by timing: early AI acts as a momentum starter, later AI as a deepener raising narrative transportation
• The tool's Q-learning matches a value-iteration ground truth in 98.5% of non-terminal states on average - The tool's Q-learning matches a value-iteration ground truth in 98.5% of non-terminal states on average
• The top of the student-discourse distribution contains essentially no categories of explicit conceptual reasoning, prediction, comparison to similar problems, or critical engagement with the tutor's suggestions - The top of the student-discourse distribution contains essentially no categories of explicit conceptual reasoning, prediction, comparison to similar problems, or critical engagement with the tutor's s
• The top six models are statistically indistinguishable on overall ELBench score yet differ substantially at the module level, so module profiles are more informative than a single aggregate - The top six models are statistically indistinguishable on overall ELBench score yet differ substantially at the module level, so module profiles are more informative than a single aggregate
• The top-performing exercise intervention offered microrewards for returning to the gym after a missed workout - The top-performing exercise intervention offered microrewards for returning to the gym after a missed workout
• The topic-page groundedness gap between wiki and vector RAG was the study's only comparison not reaching significance at the 95% level - The topic-page groundedness gap between wiki and vector RAG was the study's only comparison not reaching significance at the 95% level
• The Torgerson et al. (2006) meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found almost no strong evidence for systematic phonics - The Torgerson et al.
• The total effect of layered feedback on learning outcomes was significantly negative, with an unmediated negative direct effect - The total effect of layered feedback on learning outcomes was significantly negative, with an unmediated negative direct effect
• The TQsrl and SQsrl questionnaires are validated instruments measuring SRL sub-processes with emphasis on reflection - The TQsrl and SQsrl questionnaires are validated instruments measuring SRL sub-processes with emphasis on reflection
• The Trainer is expected to develop feedback literacy capacities - The Trainer is expected to develop feedback literacy capacities
• The Trainer is expected to improve attitudes toward peer feedback relative to rubric-only instruction - The Trainer is expected to improve attitudes toward peer feedback relative to rubric-only instruction
• The Trainer is expected to make peer comments more specific, criterion-referenced, and evidence-based - The Trainer is expected to make peer comments more specific, criterion-referenced, and evidence-based
• The training effect is somewhat weaker for tasks presented at the end of the one-hour battery, suggesting a fatigue effect - The training effect is somewhat weaker for tasks presented at the end of the one-hour battery, suggesting a fatigue effect
• The training gain was driven by a 14.2-percentage-point improvement in accuracy on real images, while the gain on AI-generated images was not statistically significant - The training gain was driven by a 14.2-percentage-point improvement in accuracy on real images, while the gain on AI-generated images was not statistically significant
• The training group outperforms controls on social problem resolution, with a significant group effect and a marginal interaction - The training group outperforms controls on social problem resolution, with a significant group effect and a marginal interaction
• The training shows no significant transfer to academic learning tasks, with only a marginal post-test advantage in number conservation - The training shows no significant transfer to academic learning tasks, with only a marginal post-test advantage in number conservation
• The training's effect on inference drawing was not limited to collaborative inferences but generally enhanced inference drawing of all types - The training's effect on inference drawing was not limited to collaborative inferences but generally enhanced inference drawing of all types
• The training-by-content interaction did not vary with retention interval duration in the human experiment - The training-by-content interaction did not vary with retention interval duration in the human experiment
• The training-by-content interaction is not specific to test question type, indicating transfer between skill and fact learning - The training-by-content interaction is not specific to test question type, indicating transfer between skill and fact learning
• The training-condition effect on symbolic arithmetic speed persists after controlling for training task reaction time and accuracy - The training-condition effect on symbolic arithmetic speed persists after controlling for training task reaction time and accuracy
• The transfer incentive targeted high-performing teachers into the hardest-to-staff schools within their own districts - The transfer incentive targeted high-performing teachers into the hardest-to-staff schools within their own districts
• The transient information effect states that learning from transient presentations leads to inferior learning compared to permanent presentations - The transient information effect states that learning from transient presentations leads to inferior learning compared to permanent presentations
• The transition from higher education to the labour market is characterised by extensive changes that act as triggers for learning - The transition from higher education to the labour market is characterised by extensive changes that act as triggers for learning
• The transitive construction is acquired earliest while the resultative construction poses difficulty even for advanced learners - The transitive construction is acquired earliest while the resultative construction poses difficulty even for advanced learners
• The treatment effect on domain-specific reading comprehension was indirect-only: the direct path from treatment to comprehension was not significant - The treatment effect on domain-specific reading comprehension was indirect-only: the direct path from treatment to comprehension was not significant
• The treatment-by-time interaction was significant, and results replicated across both yearly cohorts for both measures - The treatment-by-time interaction was significant, and results replicated across both yearly cohorts for both measures
• The TRIAD intervention raised teachers' observed expectations and responsiveness to developmental needs (b = 0.10, p = .05) - The TRIAD intervention raised teachers' observed expectations and responsiveness to developmental needs (b = 0.10, p = .05)
• The trial examines variation in curriculum impact by pre- and post-migration conflict experiences - The trial examines variation in curriculum impact by pre- and post-migration conflict experiences
• The trial population is Syrian refugee children in Lebanon - The trial population is Syrian refugee children in Lebanon
• The tribute reports students tend to overestimate their sport performance, and four-level model instruction may improve calibration accuracy - The tribute reports students tend to overestimate their sport performance, and four-level model instruction may improve calibration accuracy
• The tribute reports that process and transitional goals could outperform outcome goals in dart-throwing practice - The tribute reports that process and transitional goals could outperform outcome goals in dart-throwing practice
• The tribute reports that self-efficacy consistently outperformed anxiety as a predictor of academic performance - The tribute reports that self-efficacy consistently outperformed anxiety as a predictor of academic performance
• The trifactor model's performance across sample sizes and model specifications was examined via simulation studies comparing model fit, bias, and convergence rates - The trifactor model's performance across sample sizes and model specifications was examined via simulation studies comparing model fit, bias, and convergence rates
• The tripartite structure of phonological processing is evident in both typical learners and children with reading disorder (factorial invariance) - The tripartite structure of phonological processing is evident in both typical learners and children with reading disorder (factorial invariance)
• The Triple-Focus reading intervention outperformed business-as-usual controls at posttest on all 14 reading and reading-related outcomes, with average Cohen's d of .80 on standardized and 1.69 on experimental measures - The Triple-Focus reading intervention outperformed business-as-usual controls at posttest on all 14 reading and reading-related outcomes, with average Cohen's d of .80 on standardized and 1.69 on expe
• The true-versus-false statement accuracy difference is larger for misconception than control trials, and significant for science but not maths - The true-versus-false statement accuracy difference is larger for misconception than control trials, and significant for science but not maths
• The trust–appropriate reliance relationship is non-linear, with the decline attenuating at higher trust and no reversal within the observed data - The trust–appropriate reliance relationship is non-linear, with the decline attenuating at higher trust and no reversal within the observed data
• The TSDL project produced three lasting accomplishments: implementation support, ongoing state collaboration, and new TSDL-inspired data activities - The TSDL project produced three lasting accomplishments: implementation support, ongoing state collaboration, and new TSDL-inspired data activities
• The TSDL project's first year of implementation (2011) produced reportable implementation findings - The TSDL project's first year of implementation (2011) produced reportable implementation findings
• The TSST-G stress induction increased negative affect and cortisol relative to control - The TSST-G stress induction increased negative affect and cortisol relative to control
• The TTST advantage persists in a pure-list design, ruling out differential rehearsal (Experiment 4) - The TTST advantage persists in a pure-list design, ruling out differential rehearsal (Experiment 4)
• The TTST advantage persists when no further presentations follow the retrieval manipulation, ruling out encoding-effort strategies (Experiment 3) - The TTST advantage persists when no further presentations follow the retrieval manipulation, ruling out encoding-effort strategies (Experiment 3)
• The TTST advantage replicates with meaningful Eskimo/English word pairs (Experiment 2) - The TTST advantage replicates with meaningful Eskimo/English word pairs (Experiment 2)
• The TUGA, motivation, and self-efficacy jointly explain 75.3% of the variance in undergraduates’ self-directed learning - The TUGA, motivation, and self-efficacy jointly explain 75.3% of the variance in undergraduates’ self-directed learning
• The tutor-access learning gain was concentrated in conceptual depth of written answers rather than multiple-choice scores - The tutor-access learning gain was concentrated in conceptual depth of written answers rather than multiple-choice scores
• The tutored and class-taught groups showed no meaningful difference in time taken per test example - The tutored and class-taught groups showed no meaningful difference in time taken per test example
• The twelve-year tests of the Binet-Simon scale were unsatisfactory, with several individual tests too difficult for the children tested - The twelve-year tests of the Binet-Simon scale were unsatisfactory, with several individual tests too difficult for the children tested
• The two conditions performed comparably in using evidence to support their own position, the less demanding argument function - The two conditions performed comparably in using evidence to support their own position, the less demanding argument function
• The two education-specialized models lead neither education module, and the improvement from education-specific post-training is small relative to differences in general capability - The two education-specialized models lead neither education module, and the improvement from education-specific post-training is small relative to differences in general capability
• The two gainer profiles differ in problem-solving strategy: Expressive Explorers enact global exploration with reflection on past solutions, Calm Tinkerers enact local exploration with in-the-moment correction - The two gainer profiles differ in problem-solving strategy: Expressive Explorers enact global exploration with reflection on past solutions, Calm Tinkerers enact local exploration with in-the-moment c
• The two included studies on HOT both reported positive effects of P(j)BL on higher-order thinking - The two included studies on HOT both reported positive effects of P(j)BL on higher-order thinking
• The two personas produced qualitatively different questions on the same essay, indicating the persona constraint mechanism alters the model's analytical focus - The two personas produced qualitatively different questions on the same essay, indicating the persona constraint mechanism alters the model's analytical focus
• The two phases of the argumentative task required different organizing principles, and groups changed or failed to change accordingly - The two phases of the argumentative task required different organizing principles, and groups changed or failed to change accordingly
• The two students' distinct AI literacy approaches may be shaped by differing rhetorical objectives, genres, and audiences of their writing tasks - The two students' distinct AI literacy approaches may be shaped by differing rhetorical objectives, genres, and audiences of their writing tasks
• The two targeted ablations produce small, partially counter-directional effects: removing the construct map does not materially change the composite score (p = 0.34 on equivalence) - The two targeted ablations produce small, partially counter-directional effects: removing the construct map does not materially change the composite score (p = 0.34 on equivalence)
• The two TBL formats show no significant differences in perceived team communication, contribution, or peer assistance - The two TBL formats show no significant differences in perceived team communication, contribution, or peer assistance
• The two teacher groups did not differ on released-math tasks; both groups made pretest-to-posttest gains, suggesting math-in-science-context tasks better capture OpenSciEd math reasoning - The two teacher groups did not differ on released-math tasks; both groups made pretest-to-posttest gains, suggesting math-in-science-context tasks better capture OpenSciEd math reasoning
• The two teachers' scaffolding moves differed significantly: Mrs. Lewis monitored more, prompted peer idea-sharing, extended materials, and handed over independence more, while Mr. Green provided more static support - The two teachers' scaffolding moves differed significantly: Mrs.
• The two test forms were built to pair exercises of closely the same value, equal total values, and similar inter-exercise intervals, with 100 total points per form - The two test forms were built to pair exercises of closely the same value, equal total values, and similar inter-exercise intervals, with 100 total points per form
• The two textbook series differ significantly in the distribution of intelligences across learning objectives - The two textbook series differ significantly in the distribution of intelligences across learning objectives
• The two word lists were confirmed to be of equal difficulty before practice, with a correlation of +.93 between performance on the two lists - The two word lists were confirmed to be of equal difficulty before practice, with a correlation of +.93 between performance on the two lists
• The two-factor STM/WM structure holds for both younger (8-10) and older (11-13) children - The two-factor STM/WM structure holds for both younger (8-10) and older (11-13) children
• The two-week SCIS workshop shifted participants' concerns from lower-stage nonuser patterns toward higher-stage user patterns - The two-week SCIS workshop shifted participants' concerns from lower-stage nonuser patterns toward higher-stage user patterns
• The type and intensity of emotions students experience in feedback situations depend on feedback focus (task vs person) and valence, in interplay with context and student characteristics - The type and intensity of emotions students experience in feedback situations depend on feedback focus (task vs person) and valence, in interplay with context and student characteristics
• The type of CT measure employed (standardized vs. non-standardized; item format) influences evaluation of intervention effectiveness - The type of CT measure employed (standardized vs.
• The type of EOL task (difficulty vs. trials-to-learn scale) does not reliably affect EOL accuracy - The type of EOL task (difficulty vs.
• The type of label used (person-first, 'sex offender', diagnostic, or offence-specific) does not significantly affect public perceptions of individuals who sexually offend - The type of label used (person-first, 'sex offender', diagnostic, or offence-specific) does not significantly affect public perceptions of individuals who sexually offend
• The U.S. Bureau of Labor estimates 567,000 fewer teachers in public schools in 2022 than prior to the COVID-19 pandemic - The U.S.
• The U.S. charter school sector has grown to more than 7,000 schools nationwide, prompting an active debate over charters' effects on the public school system and their regulation - The U.S.
• The U.S. lags other industrialized nations in paid parental leave, prenatal care access, and child care cost coverage - The U.S.
• The U.S. Supreme Court's 1973 Rodriguez decision held that the 14th Amendment neither explicitly nor implicitly guarantees a right to education - The U.S.
• The Uncommon Schools whole-school model, typically built from the earliest grades in new schools, produced substantial positive achievement effects when applied in a turnaround setting - The Uncommon Schools whole-school model, typically built from the earliest grades in new schools, produced substantial positive achievement effects when applied in a turnaround setting
• The understand-solve-check cognitive model accounted for 71% of protocol subjects' verbalizations - The understand-solve-check cognitive model accounted for 71% of protocol subjects' verbalizations
• The unique link between naming speed and word reading partly depends on using alphanumeric stimuli; non-alphanumeric naming speed adds no unique prediction - The unique link between naming speed and word reading partly depends on using alphanumeric stimuli; non-alphanumeric naming speed adds no unique prediction
• The United States faced an estimated teacher shortage of approximately 64,000 teachers in 2015–16, projected to grow to as many as 112,000 by 2018 - The United States faced an estimated teacher shortage of approximately 64,000 teachers in 2015–16, projected to grow to as many as 112,000 by 2018
• The United States faces a cybersecurity workforce shortage, with information security analyst positions projected to grow 33% from 2023 to 2033 - The United States faces a cybersecurity workforce shortage, with information security analyst positions projected to grow 33% from 2023 to 2033
• The Universal ESA amount exceeds per-pupil district funding, so elementary students leaving district schools each add $425 in state cost, while students leaving charter schools save the state $752 each - The Universal ESA amount exceeds per-pupil district funding, so elementary students leaving district schools each add $425 in state cost, while students leaving charter schools save the state $752 eac
• The unmitigated shock reduces the share of the grade 3 cohort reaching SDG minimum proficiency in mathematics by grade 10 from 7 percent to 3 percent - The unmitigated shock reduces the share of the grade 3 cohort reaching SDG minimum proficiency in mathematics by grade 10 from 7 percent to 3 percent
• The usefulness of app components varied by child's age: conversation starters were too advanced for some younger children but helpful for older children - The usefulness of app components varied by child's age: conversation starters were too advanced for some younger children but helpful for older children