Claims: F 3

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Freshman failures clustered in math more than English, and many students failed both core subjects - Freshman failures clustered in math more than English, and many students failed both core subjects
Freshman GPA is highly stable, correlating 0.87 with eleventh-grade GPA - Freshman GPA is highly stable, correlating 0.87 with eleventh-grade GPA
Freshman on-track status is an early indicator correlated with later graduation, and being off track correlates with dropping out - Freshman on-track status is an early indicator correlated with later graduation, and being off track correlates with dropping out
Freshman on-track students are over three times as likely to graduate in four years as off-track students in CPS - Freshman on-track students are over three times as likely to graduate in four years as off-track students in CPS
Freshman OnTrack improvements were largest in the lowest-performing schools, with bottom-quartile schools gaining 33 percentage points - Freshman OnTrack improvements were largest in the lowest-performing schools, with bottom-quartile schools gaining 33 percentage points
Freshman OnTrack rates improved by as much as 3.25 percentage points more in high schools with strong 5Essentials Survey measures - Freshman OnTrack rates improved by as much as 3.25 percentage points more in high schools with strong 5Essentials Survey measures
Freshman OnTrack rates improved most among the highest-risk students, including Black and Latinx young men and the lowest-achieving entrants - Freshman OnTrack rates improved most among the highest-risk students, including Black and Latinx young men and the lowest-achieving entrants
Freshman OnTrack remains a strong predictor of high school graduation even as on-track rates have risen - Freshman OnTrack remains a strong predictor of high school graduation even as on-track rates have risen
Freshman-year GPA alone correctly predicts about 80 percent of on-time high school graduates - Freshman-year GPA alone correctly predicts about 80 percent of on-time high school graduates
Freshman-year performance of Chicago ninth-graders falls into three tiers, with students two or more years below grade level and students with emotional disturbances performing worst across GPA, course failures, absences, and on-track status - Freshman-year performance of Chicago ninth-graders falls into three tiers, with students two or more years below grade level and students with emotional disturbances performing worst across GPA, cours
Freshmen in the three case-study schools had higher on-track rates and/or GPAs than similar students at similar schools, despite entering with below-average achievement - Freshmen in the three case-study schools had higher on-track rates and/or GPAs than similar students at similar schools, despite entering with below-average achievement
Freshmen rank lack of money as the leading cause of elimination, followed by ill-health; the authors attribute about 34 per cent of elimination to lack of means and 28 per cent to ill-health - Freshmen rank lack of money as the leading cause of elimination, followed by ill-health; the authors attribute about 34 per cent of elimination to lack of means and 28 per cent to ill-health
Freshmen who miss more than two weeks of school per semester fail at least two classes on average, regardless of incoming test scores - Freshmen who miss more than two weeks of school per semester fail at least two classes on average, regardless of incoming test scores
Freshmen who visited the tutoring center more than 10 times per quarter had statistically higher persistence rates than students who did not visit - Freshmen who visited the tutoring center more than 10 times per quarter had statistically higher persistence rates than students who did not visit
Fresno Unified's TK–3 residency placed 30 new early-grade teachers in 2 years with an 83% retention rate as of spring 2022 - Fresno Unified's TK–3 residency placed 30 new early-grade teachers in 2 years with an 83% retention rate as of spring 2022
From 1987 to 2012 the number of U.S. minority teachers more than doubled, growing faster than nonminority teachers and minority students - From 1987 to 2012 the number of U.S.
From 2003 to 2012, youth with disabilities showed greater school engagement and support use but became less likely to participate in some key transition activities - From 2003 to 2012, youth with disabilities showed greater school engagement and support use but became less likely to participate in some key transition activities
From 2012 to 2017, average inflation-adjusted per-pupil revenue and expenditure were greater in rural Utah districts than in non-rural districts - From 2012 to 2017, average inflation-adjusted per-pupil revenue and expenditure were greater in rural Utah districts than in non-rural districts
From 2012 to 2017, non-rural Utah districts had higher proficiency in English language arts and science and more graduates scoring 18+ on the ACT, while rural districts had higher four-year graduation rates - From 2012 to 2017, non-rural Utah districts had higher proficiency in English language arts and science and more graduates scoring 18+ on the ACT, while rural districts had higher four-year graduation
From 2019 through 2023, Cohort 2 LEAs reported 13,262 students received mental health services after a referral - From 2019 through 2023, Cohort 2 LEAs reported 13,262 students received mental health services after a referral
From 2024 onward, yearly mean preference for investing in human intelligence exceeds that for artificial intelligence, with the largest within-year divergence in 2026 - From 2024 onward, yearly mean preference for investing in human intelligence exceeds that for artificial intelligence, with the largest within-year divergence in 2026
From a cognitive load theory point of view, studying worked-out external representations may lead to better learning outcomes than (co)-construction, the standard mode of operation in CSCL - From a cognitive load theory point of view, studying worked-out external representations may lead to better learning outcomes than (co)-construction, the standard mode of operation in CSCL
From age 4, children spontaneously devise multiple previously unseen reminder-setting strategies across transfer trials, with this tendency increasing with age - From age 4, children spontaneously devise multiple previously unseen reminder-setting strategies across transfer trials, with this tendency increasing with age
From age 6, children deploy effective external strategies on most trials, with strategy number, combination, and order varying widely within and across age groups - From age 6, children deploy effective external strategies on most trials, with strategy number, combination, and order varying widely within and across age groups
From fall 2020 through December 2023, 78 percent of the 969 students referred to mental health services in PUSD received services - From fall 2020 through December 2023, 78 percent of the 969 students referred to mental health services in PUSD received services
From fall 2020 through December 2023, 79 percent of the 828 students referred to mental health services in NHUHSD received services from school-based or community-based providers - From fall 2020 through December 2023, 79 percent of the 828 students referred to mental health services in NHUHSD received services from school-based or community-based providers
Frontier agents exhibit three distinct behavioral phenotypes—read-first, execute-first, and minimalist—differing in efficiency and safety - Frontier agents exhibit three distinct behavioral phenotypes—read-first, execute-first, and minimalist—differing in efficiency and safety
Frontier LLM prompting strategies cluster at joint integrity scores of 0.81-0.88 while non-frontier references collapse to 0.50-0.55, a 25-31 point capability-tier gap - Frontier LLM prompting strategies cluster at joint integrity scores of 0.81-0.88 while non-frontier references collapse to 0.50-0.55, a 25-31 point capability-tier gap
Frontier LLMs achieve the best balance between detecting misconceptions in correct-answer cases and not over-flagging correct students, while fine-tuned local models achieve under 58% TM recall - Frontier LLMs achieve the best balance between detecting misconceptions in correct-answer cases and not over-flagging correct students, while fine-tuned local models achieve under 58% TM recall
Frontier LLMs barely exceed a trivial baseline on knowledge tracing, with the best model surpassing always-predict-correct by only about five percentage points - Frontier LLMs barely exceed a trivial baseline on knowledge tracing, with the best model surpassing always-predict-correct by only about five percentage points
Frontier LLMs produced near-perfect solutions to CS1 labs, with mean hidden-instructor-test scores of 98.93–99.99% across model–year combinations - Frontier LLMs produced near-perfect solutions to CS1 labs, with mean hidden-instructor-test scores of 98.93–99.99% across model–year combinations
Frontier-model choice affects LecturaAgents performance, with Gemini 3 Pro ranking first at 80.4% AAR - Frontier-model choice affects LecturaAgents performance, with Gemini 3 Pro ranking first at 80.4% AAR
Frustration at not understanding a concept is perceived to motivate exploration and persistence, while frustration attributed to teachers or curriculum impairs motivation - Frustration at not understanding a concept is perceived to motivate exploration and persistence, while frustration attributed to teachers or curriculum impairs motivation
Frustration during learning is associated with facial action units 1, 2, and 14, with a mutual trigger rule between the inner and outer brow raises - Frustration during learning is associated with facial action units 1, 2, and 14, with a mutual trigger rule between the inner and outer brow raises
Frustration under the contingent tutor sat between the answer-on-request assistant and the question-only tutor - Frustration under the contingent tutor sat between the answer-on-request assistant and the question-only tutor
Fryer argues perceived control and need for competence may bridge differences among models of higher-education learning toward a mega-theory - Fryer argues perceived control and need for competence may bridge differences among models of higher-education learning toward a mega-theory
FSM-based evaluation aligns with human judgments of interactivity, functional correctness, and visual quality more strongly than VLM and unit-test baselines on balanced data - FSM-based evaluation aligns with human judgments of interactivity, functional correctness, and visual quality more strongly than VLM and unit-test baselines on balanced data
FSM-based evaluation discriminates interactive quality across models, with GPT-5 Mini scoring highest and most tiers significantly separated - FSM-based evaluation discriminates interactive quality across models, with GPT-5 Mini scoring highest and most tiers significantly separated
FSRs correlate more strongly with persistence (r = .33) than with achievement outcomes in postsecondary settings - FSRs correlate more strongly with persistence (r = .33) than with achievement outcomes in postsecondary settings
FSRs correlate positively but weakly with GPA (r = .17) and course grades (r = .16) - FSRs correlate positively but weakly with GPA (r = .17) and course grades (r = .16)
Full Algebra Toolkit implementation requires roughly 14–22 hours of educator time across PD sessions, preparation, and classroom implementation - Full Algebra Toolkit implementation requires roughly 14–22 hours of educator time across PD sessions, preparation, and classroom implementation
Full alignment of recording, expected, and task angles yields significantly higher task performance than any non-full-alignment configuration - Full alignment of recording, expected, and task angles yields significantly higher task performance than any non-full-alignment configuration
Full college-sequence completion rose from 9.6 to 15.8 percent, with about 75 percent of the unadjusted increase due to factors other than student composition - Full college-sequence completion rose from 9.6 to 15.8 percent, with about 75 percent of the unadjusted increase due to factors other than student composition
Full information MML estimation of a multidimensional IRT model with a second-order dimension also requires only two-dimensional integrals - Full information MML estimation of a multidimensional IRT model with a second-order dimension also requires only two-dimensional integrals
Full information MML estimation of the bi-factor model requires only two-dimensional integrations under more general conditions than the probit-link, multivariate-normal derivation of Gibbons and Hedeker - Full information MML estimation of the bi-factor model requires only two-dimensional integrations under more general conditions than the probit-link, multivariate-normal derivation of Gibbons and Hede
Full reasoning traces impaired task performance relative to both answer-only and summary-trace conditions in AI-assisted LSAT reasoning - Full reasoning traces impaired task performance relative to both answer-only and summary-trace conditions in AI-assisted LSAT reasoning
Full reasoning traces worsened calibration bias and Brier scores relative to both other conditions - Full reasoning traces worsened calibration bias and Brier scores relative to both other conditions
Full removal of SROs from CPS high schools was associated with a statistically significant reduction in high-level behavioral infractions at both the student and school levels - Full removal of SROs from CPS high schools was associated with a statistically significant reduction in high-level behavioral infractions at both the student and school levels
Full structural similarity of motivational profiles across time was not supported, indicating profile indicator means changed over the curriculum year - Full structural similarity of motivational profiles across time was not supported, indicating profile indicator means changed over the curriculum year
Full-body movement training during number building exercises significantly increases first-graders' final math test performance compared to non-movement control training - Full-body movement training during number building exercises significantly increases first-graders' final math test performance compared to non-movement control training
Full-day pre-k attendance is associated with stronger pre-k attendance and kindergarten readiness in English language development and early literacy for ELs - Full-day pre-k attendance is associated with stronger pre-k attendance and kindergarten readiness in English language development and early literacy for ELs
Full-day pre-k enrollment grew substantially after the policy changes, tripling for Black, lowest-income, and mostly-Black-neighborhood students - Full-day pre-k enrollment grew substantially after the policy changes, tripling for Black, lowest-income, and mostly-Black-neighborhood students
Full-day pre-k funding significantly raised pre-k attendance at NLCI elementary schools relative to matched comparison schools - Full-day pre-k funding significantly raised pre-k attendance at NLCI elementary schools relative to matched comparison schools
Full-PC dyads wrote lab reports with significantly better structure and more complete content than empty-PC dyads - Full-PC dyads wrote lab reports with significantly better structure and more complete content than empty-PC dyads
Full-scale IQ is genetically related but not redundant with common cognitive variance - Full-scale IQ is genetically related but not redundant with common cognitive variance
Full-scale IQ predicts reading comprehension more strongly than word reading, and working memory and processing speed remain significant predictors after IQ is controlled - Full-scale IQ predicts reading comprehension more strongly than word reading, and working memory and processing speed remain significant predictors after IQ is controlled
Full-scale LLM versions consistently achieve higher agreement with human grades than their mini and nano counterparts - Full-scale LLM versions consistently achieve higher agreement with human grades than their mini and nano counterparts
Full-time immediate two-year enrollment rates differ substantially between ICCB and NSC data, suggesting limited reliability of the NSC full-time status field - Full-time immediate two-year enrollment rates differ substantially between ICCB and NSC data, suggesting limited reliability of the NSC full-time status field
Full-time students use Syntea slightly more than part-time students (59.49% vs 55.71%) - Full-time students use Syntea slightly more than part-time students (59.49% vs 55.71%)
Fully adaptable learning environments are significantly less beneficial than non-personalized environments - Fully adaptable learning environments are significantly less beneficial than non-personalized environments
Fully Bayesian inference on the calibration data set assigned 423 sessions across six knower levels and estimated an evidence value v of 16.94 - Fully Bayesian inference on the calibration data set assigned 423 sessions across six knower levels and estimated an evidence value v of 16.94
Fully inductive LLM codebook development risks importing unexamined sensitizing concepts, such as folk theories and scientific misconceptions, from the model's training data - Fully inductive LLM codebook development risks importing unexamined sensitizing concepts, such as folk theories and scientific misconceptions, from the model's training data
Fully offloading schoolwork to generative AI without personal input forgoes meaningful engagement and skill development - Fully offloading schoolwork to generative AI without personal input forgoes meaningful engagement and skill development
Fully prepared novice teachers are less than half as likely to leave teaching after their first year than those lacking key training elements - Fully prepared novice teachers are less than half as likely to leave teaching after their first year than those lacking key training elements
Functional connectivity between parietal cortex and occipito-temporal cortex during numerical processing is present in adults but absent in children, whose IFG instead correlates with both regions - Functional connectivity between parietal cortex and occipito-temporal cortex during numerical processing is present in adults but absent in children, whose IFG instead correlates with both regions
Functional correspondence predicts simulation learning outcomes better than physical resemblance or appeals to authenticity - Functional correspondence predicts simulation learning outcomes better than physical resemblance or appeals to authenticity
Functional coupling development during inhibition is sex-specific: striatal-motor coupling increases with age in girls, frontostriatal coupling increases with age in boys - Functional coupling development during inhibition is sex-specific: striatal-motor coupling increases with age in girls, frontostriatal coupling increases with age in boys
Functional dependence shows a substantially stronger positive association with graduate students' research creativity than existential dependence (β = 0.457 vs β = 0.147) - Functional dependence shows a substantially stronger positive association with graduate students' research creativity than existential dependence (β = 0.457 vs β = 0.147)
Functional fixedness — treating an object's or idea's function as fixed — blocks solutions that require reinterpreting it.
Functional life skills development programs show potentially positive effects on independent living, with a small evidence base - Functional life skills development programs show potentially positive effects on independent living, with a small evidence base
Functions metaphors framing GenAI as an efficient tool for routine and creative tasks were the most agreed-upon in the workshops - Functions metaphors framing GenAI as an efficient tool for routine and creative tasks were the most agreed-upon in the workshops
Fund-supported principals plan fewer total years in the principalship but more years in education than other principals - Fund-supported principals plan fewer total years in the principalship but more years in education than other principals
Funded LEA respondents expressed general satisfaction with Title VII and reported using funds to hire staff and expand services for AI/AN students - Funded LEA respondents expressed general satisfaction with Title VII and reported using funds to hire staff and expand services for AI/AN students
Funding cuts in 2008 ended the Roads to Success program and its evaluation in 2009 - Funding cuts in 2008 ended the Roads to Success program and its evaluation in 2009
Funding dual-enrollment courses at high school campuses addresses transportation-based access inequities - Funding dual-enrollment courses at high school campuses addresses transportation-based access inequities
Funnel plot asymmetry for openness, extraversion, and neuroticism appears attributable to reasons other than publication bias - Funnel plot asymmetry for openness, extraversion, and neuroticism appears attributable to reasons other than publication bias
Funnel-plot asymmetry indicates small-study effects for some emotion–learning models - Funnel-plot asymmetry indicates small-study effects for some emotion–learning models
Funnel-plot asymmetry ran contrary to small-study effects because larger-sample studies reported larger effect sizes, likely reflecting longer training programs - Funnel-plot asymmetry ran contrary to small-study effects because larger-sample studies reported larger effect sizes, likely reflecting longer training programs
Funnel-plot asymmetry suggests possible selection or publication bias, but p-curve analyses indicate evidential value for the pooled relationships - Funnel-plot asymmetry suggests possible selection or publication bias, but p-curve analyses indicate evidential value for the pooled relationships
Fusing transformer text classifiers with a linguistic-feature neural network significantly outperforms unimodal models for UK Key Stage classification, with ELECTRA + ANN reaching F1 = 0.996 - Fusing transformer text classifiers with a linguistic-feature neural network significantly outperforms unimodal models for UK Key Stage classification, with ELECTRA + ANN reaching F1 = 0.996
Future anti-phishing interventions should measure both performance and metacognition, aiming to shift the phishing calibration curve toward the legitimate-email pattern - Future anti-phishing interventions should measure both performance and metacognition, aiming to shift the phishing calibration curve toward the legitimate-email pattern