Claims: A 5

A 1 · A 2 · A 3 · A 4 · A 5 · A 6 · A 7 · A 8 · B 1 · B 2 · C 1 · C 2 · C 3 · C 4 · C 5 · C 6 · D 1 · D 2 · D 3 · E 1 · E 2 · E 3 · E 4 · F 1 · F 2 · F 3 · G 1 · G 2 · H 1 · H 2 · I 1 · I 2 · I 3 · I 4 · I 5 · J · K · L 1 · L 2 · L 3 · M 1 · M 2 · M 3 · M 4 · N 1 · N 2 · O 1 · O 2 · P 1 · P 2 · P 3 · P 4 · P 5 · Q · R 1 · R 2 · R 3 · S 1 · S 2 · S 3 · S 4 · S 5 · S 6 · S 7 · S 8 · T 1 · T 2 · T 3 · T 4 · T 5 · T 6 · T 7 · T 8 · T 9 · T 10 · U · V · W 1 · W 2 · X · Y · Z · 0-9

• Agentivism generates six empirically testable propositions linking delegation structure, verification, reconstruction, and reduced-support transfer to learning outcomes - Agentivism generates six empirically testable propositions linking delegation structure, verification, reconstruction, and reduced-support transfer to learning outcomes
• Aggregate course evaluations moved modestly against the 2023 offering and written comments split, with a share of the cohort critiquing the instructor's own AI use - Aggregate course evaluations moved modestly against the 2023 offering and written comments split, with a share of the cohort critiquing the instructor's own AI use
• Aggregate interaction volume did not demonstrate reduced human input; the strongest observed pattern was capacity expansion rather than proven labor substitution - Aggregate interaction volume did not demonstrate reduced human input; the strongest observed pattern was capacity expansion rather than proven labor substitution
• Aggregate judgments of learning shift from lower under relearning to higher under relearning across the three sessions - Aggregate judgments of learning shift from lower under relearning to higher under relearning across the three sessions
• Aggregate play-efficiency measures in Progenitor X were not correlated with pre-post learning gains, except for efficiency in the final organ boss level (r = .3219) - Aggregate play-efficiency measures in Progenitor X were not correlated with pre-post learning gains, except for efficiency in the final organ boss level (r = .3219)
• Aggregated state emotions converge substantially but imperfectly with self-reported trait emotions, with averaged correlations ranging from r = 0.391 (shame) to r = 0.608 (boredom) - Aggregated state emotions converge substantially but imperfectly with self-reported trait emotions, with averaged correlations ranging from r = 0.391 (shame) to r = 0.608 (boredom)
• Aggregated state emotions show no superior incremental predictive validity over self-reported traits for academic outcomes; traits corrected for states were only systematically correlated with criteria for enjoyment and somewhat for pride - Aggregated state emotions show no superior incremental predictive validity over self-reported traits for academic outcomes; traits corrected for states were only systematically correlated with criteri
• Aggregating peer grades with the median improves agreement with staff grades compared with unaggregated peer grades - Aggregating peer grades with the median improves agreement with staff grades compared with unaggregated peer grades
• Aggregating versus separating mental rotation and non-rotational spatial visualization factors can yield conflicting interpretations of their relevance to mathematics - Aggregating versus separating mental rotation and non-rotational spatial visualization factors can yield conflicting interpretations of their relevance to mathematics
• Aggression is not a unique predictor of preschool academic development once attention problems and social skills are controlled - Aggression is not a unique predictor of preschool academic development once attention problems and social skills are controlled
• Aggressive humour has mixed effects on adolescent students' educational experiences, with reported increases in anger, boredom and resistance but some students reporting sarcasm improved rapport - Aggressive humour has mixed effects on adolescent students' educational experiences, with reported increases in anger, boredom and resistance but some students reporting sarcasm improved rapport
• Aging does not materially reduce the relative accuracy (resolution) of judgments of learning during encoding, with cross-sectional evidence of no age declines and even age-related increases in aggregate JOL resolution across ages 18 to 81 - Aging does not materially reduce the relative accuracy (resolution) of judgments of learning during encoding, with cross-sectional evidence of no age declines and even age-related increases in aggrega
• Agreeableness is unexpectedly a weak risk factor for well-being decline in wartime students - Agreeableness is unexpectedly a weak risk factor for well-being decline in wartime students
• Agreement between chatbot preference and perceived learning attribution was low (39%) - Agreement between chatbot preference and perceived learning attribution was low (39%)
• Agreement between K–3 screening assessments on risk classification varied from 47 percent to 85 percent depending on the assessment combination - Agreement between K–3 screening assessments on risk classification varied from 47 percent to 85 percent depending on the assessment combination
• Agreement metrics and expert quality judgments diverge in both directions: human consensus can encode shared conservative bias that the verifier rejects in favor of LLM coding - Agreement metrics and expert quality judgments diverge in both directions: human consensus can encode shared conservative bias that the verifier rejects in favor of LLM coding
• Agriculture teachers' self-efficacy is positively related to career persistence indicators such as career commitment and job satisfaction - Agriculture teachers' self-efficacy is positively related to career persistence indicators such as career commitment and job satisfaction
• AHS is frequently associated with self-regulation and self-efficacy, but these associations are not consistent across studies - AHS is frequently associated with self-regulation and self-efficacy, but these associations are not consistent across studies
• AHS is frequently positively associated with academic performance among preservice teachers, but one study found a negative association explained by help-abuse - AHS is frequently positively associated with academic performance among preservice teachers, but one study found a negative association explained by help-abuse
• AI access raises immediate unaided test scores by 7.2 percentage points (0.28 SD) after a timed learning phase - AI access raises immediate unaided test scores by 7.2 percentage points (0.28 SD) after a timed learning phase
• AI access raises unaided essay quality in both sessions, while AI-generated text detectable in Session One essays disappears by Session Two - AI access raises unaided essay quality in both sessions, while AI-generated text detectable in Session One essays disappears by Session Two
• AI access shifts learning-time composition away from writing toward reading and searching, with total learning time unchanged - AI access shifts learning-time composition away from writing toward reading and searching, with total learning time unchanged
• AI adoption across the 19 Heartland states averages 15.3%, below the national rate and uneven across states - AI adoption across the 19 Heartland states averages 15.3%, below the national rate and uneven across states
• AI adoption at work shows generational and occupational patterns, with younger workers and tech, professional services, and finance fields more likely to use AI - AI adoption at work shows generational and occupational patterns, with younger workers and tech, professional services, and finance fields more likely to use AI
• AI adoption in higher education appears to progress faster than institutional policies, ethical frameworks, and governance structures, creating a policy–practice gap - AI adoption in higher education appears to progress faster than institutional policies, ethical frameworks, and governance structures, creating a policy–practice gap
• AI adoption in higher education is associated with improved teaching practices, learner engagement and curriculum innovation - AI adoption in higher education is associated with improved teaching practices, learner engagement and curriculum innovation
• AI adoption levels and policy implementation vary unevenly across academic units, shaped by discipline and external industry alignment - AI adoption levels and policy implementation vary unevenly across academic units, shaped by discipline and external industry alignment
• AI advice dramatically reduces judgment suspension even when it is displayed automatically rather than actively requested - AI advice dramatically reduces judgment suspension even when it is displayed automatically rather than actively requested
• AI agent activity in an LMS is indistinguishable from normal student activity, defeating detection and proctoring - AI agent activity in an LMS is indistinguishable from normal student activity, defeating detection and proctoring
• AI agent comment patterns include validation (22%) at rates comparable to human peer learning communities, with validation-before-extension sequences structurally resembling collaborative knowledge building - AI agent comment patterns include validation (22%) at rates comparable to human peer learning communities, with validation-before-extension sequences structurally resembling collaborative knowledge bu
• AI agent communities exhibit extreme participation inequality (comment Gini = 0.91), exceeding human online learning communities - AI agent communities exhibit extreme participation inequality (comment Gini = 0.91), exceeding human online learning communities
• AI agent discourse shows extreme statement bias (11.4:1 statements to questions), far exceeding human community baselines, though questions receive higher upvotes - AI agent discourse shows extreme statement bias (11.4:1 statements to questions), far exceeding human community baselines, though questions receive higher upvotes
• AI agents can now navigate and complete tasks within learning management systems - AI agents can now navigate and complete tasks within learning management systems
• AI agents designed for specific educational purposes can support joyful assessment by creating low-stakes opportunities for practice, feedback, reflection, personalization, and multimodal demonstration of learning - AI agents designed for specific educational purposes can support joyful assessment by creating low-stakes opportunities for practice, feedback, reflection, personalization, and multimodal demonstratio
• AI agents recover a smaller share of reference patterns from the synthetic WindowDash dataset than from the real-world Olist dataset - AI agents recover a smaller share of reference patterns from the synthetic WindowDash dataset than from the real-world Olist dataset
• AI and peer feedback differed in complementary ways: AI gave general, rubric-driven, actionable feedback while peers gave more specific, contextual feedback - AI and peer feedback differed in complementary ways: AI gave general, rubric-driven, actionable feedback while peers gave more specific, contextual feedback
• AI anxiety attenuates the positive association between AI literacy and trust in AI - AI anxiety attenuates the positive association between AI literacy and trust in AI
• AI anxiety correlates negatively with career adaptability, self-efficacy, and career decisions in Chinese college students - AI anxiety correlates negatively with career adaptability, self-efficacy, and career decisions in Chinese college students
• AI anxiety directly and negatively predicts college students' career decisions - AI anxiety directly and negatively predicts college students' career decisions
• AI anxiety is moderately and positively correlated with university students' job finding anxiety - AI anxiety is moderately and positively correlated with university students' job finding anxiety
• AI anxiety is negatively associated with academic motivation among university students, in both bivariate and regression analyses - AI anxiety is negatively associated with academic motivation among university students, in both bivariate and regression analyses
• AI anxiety is negatively associated with emotion regulation among university students - AI anxiety is negatively associated with emotion regulation among university students
• AI anxiety is positively and significantly correlated with job search anxiety among health sciences students - AI anxiety is positively and significantly correlated with job search anxiety among health sciences students
• AI anxiety predicts job search anxiety after controlling for socio-demographic variables - AI anxiety predicts job search anxiety after controlling for socio-demographic variables
• AI applications contributed to STEM students' higher-order thinking, including problem-solving, computational thinking, and self-regulated learning - AI applications contributed to STEM students' higher-order thinking, including problem-solving, computational thinking, and self-regulated learning
• AI applications in science and chemistry education most frequently affect learning-process outcomes, reported in 9 of 18 studies - AI applications in science and chemistry education most frequently affect learning-process outcomes, reported in 9 of 18 studies
• AI applications in STEM education foster positive affective perception, including attitude, interest, and motivation - AI applications in STEM education foster positive affective perception, including attitude, interest, and motivation
• AI applications support prompt engineering, professional skill development, technology acceptance, and active participation in science and chemistry education - AI applications support prompt engineering, professional skill development, technology acceptance, and active participation in science and chemistry education
• AI assessors show emerging reliability: acceptable AI-human rater agreement (Cohen's 0.78) in a 12-educator case study and human-comparable feedback helpfulness ratings with 45 learners - AI assessors show emerging reliability: acceptable AI-human rater agreement (Cohen's 0.78) in a 12-educator case study and human-comparable feedback helpfulness ratings with 45 learners
• AI assistance can inflate confidence even after errors and reduce accuracy when AI is faulty (cognitive surrender) - AI assistance can inflate confidence even after errors and reduce accuracy when AI is faulty (cognitive surrender)
• AI assistance closes about three-quarters of the baseline education-based task-performance gap, though a 0.139 SD gap remains among treated participants - AI assistance closes about three-quarters of the baseline education-based task-performance gap, though a 0.139 SD gap remains among treated participants
• AI assistance impairs unassisted performance and persistence in reading comprehension, replicating the fraction-task effects in a second domain - AI assistance impairs unassisted performance and persistence in reading comprehension, replicating the fraction-task effects in a second domain
• AI assistance provides no significant overall time savings and can slow completion on easy task variants, with chat-interface friction (prompting time) dominating on trivial tasks - AI assistance provides no significant overall time savings and can slow completion on easy task variants, with chat-interface friction (prompting time) dominating on trivial tasks
• AI assistance raises the probability of correctly identifying the task's root cause for both education groups, with near-equalization among treated participants - AI assistance raises the probability of correctly identifying the task's root cause for both education groups, with near-equalization among treated participants
• AI assistance reduces persistence: persistence costs concentrate among learners who used AI for direct solutions, not hints - AI assistance reduces persistence: persistence costs concentrate among learners who used AI for direct solutions, not hints
• AI assistance reduces subjective mental effort across all tasks even when it does not reduce completion time, dissociating time and effort - AI assistance reduces subjective mental effort across all tasks even when it does not reduce completion time, dissociating time and effort
• AI assistance reduces task completion time in both education groups, the only outcome without an equalizing pattern - AI assistance reduces task completion time in both education groups, the only outcome without an equalizing pattern
• AI assistance sped up only difficult tasks and only a few individual tasks, not easy ones - AI assistance sped up only difficult tasks and only a few individual tasks, not easy ones
• AI assistance that substitutes for learning activities may improve immediate performance while impeding long-term skill development - AI assistance that substitutes for learning activities may improve immediate performance while impeding long-term skill development
• AI availability led some students to question the long-term value of programming skills, while others saw programming as equally or more valuable - AI availability led some students to question the long-term value of programming skills, while others saw programming as equally or more valuable
• AI browsers completed Canvas quizzes and provided answer keys when tested on university assessments - AI browsers completed Canvas quizzes and provided answer keys when tested on university assessments
• AI chatbot access improves the quality of teachers' learning designs in higher education - AI chatbot access improves the quality of teachers' learning designs in higher education
• AI chatbot access lowers teachers' perceived cognitive effort during learning design - AI chatbot access lowers teachers' perceived cognitive effort during learning design
• AI chatbots enable flexible personalized learning by adapting teaching strategies to individual student needs - AI chatbots enable flexible personalized learning by adapting teaching strategies to individual student needs
• AI chatbots in VET show promising effects on self-regulation and task performance - AI chatbots in VET show promising effects on self-regulation and task performance
• AI chatbots provide students detailed feedback, step-by-step homework solutions, and self-quizzing support - AI chatbots provide students detailed feedback, step-by-step homework solutions, and self-quizzing support
• AI chatbots support skills development in writing, problem-solving, and group discussion facilitation - AI chatbots support skills development in writing, problem-solving, and group discussion facilitation
• AI companions are frictionless and sycophantic, lacking the corrective feedback that real relationships provide - AI companions are frictionless and sycophantic, lacking the corrective feedback that real relationships provide
• AI connectedness is psychologically real but ethically asymmetric, carrying conditional rather than inherent risks - AI connectedness is psychologically real but ethically asymmetric, carrying conditional rather than inherent risks
• AI dependence is negatively associated with self-reported creativity among Chinese college students, with a residual direct effect after motivational mediators are controlled - AI dependence is negatively associated with self-reported creativity among Chinese college students, with a residual direct effect after motivational mediators are controlled
• AI dependency differs by AI usage frequency and academic year but not gender - AI dependency differs by AI usage frequency and academic year but not gender
• AI dependency is positively associated with learning burnout among university students - AI dependency is positively associated with learning burnout among university students
• AI dependency mediates the relationship between academic self-efficacy and learning burnout - AI dependency mediates the relationship between academic self-efficacy and learning burnout
• AI dependency mediates the relationship between teacher support and learning burnout - AI dependency mediates the relationship between teacher support and learning burnout
• AI detectors are reported as linguistically biased, unreliable, and psychologically damaging in student discourse - AI detectors are reported as linguistically biased, unreliable, and psychologically damaging in student discourse
• AI detectors using perplexity disproportionately misclassify non-native English writers, and the mechanism plausibly extends to other low-perplexity writers - AI detectors using perplexity disproportionately misclassify non-native English writers, and the mechanism plausibly extends to other low-perplexity writers
• AI employment threat perception negatively predicts perceived employability among Chinese college students - AI employment threat perception negatively predicts perceived employability among Chinese college students
• AI employment threat perception positively predicts career decision-making anxiety among Chinese college students - AI employment threat perception positively predicts career decision-making anxiety among Chinese college students
• AI ethics research shows a pronounced acceleration in publications after 2021, with nonlinear accelerating growth rather than linear development - AI ethics research shows a pronounced acceleration in publications after 2021, with nonlinear accelerating growth rather than linear development
• AI exploration assignments helped students connect physics content to their personal lives and interests - AI exploration assignments helped students connect physics content to their personal lives and interests
• AI facilitation of ISLE inquiry is fragile: under student pressure the Gem crossed from scaffolding reasoning to inventing data - AI facilitation of ISLE inquiry is fragile: under student pressure the Gem crossed from scaffolding reasoning to inventing data
• AI feedback supports or undermines self-regulated practice depending on whether it supports or substitutes for internal monitoring - AI feedback supports or undermines self-regulated practice depending on whether it supports or substitutes for internal monitoring
• AI functioned primarily as a source of preliminary ideas and cognitive support rather than as a substitute for professional judgment, with students identifying contextual limitations of AI recommendations - AI functioned primarily as a source of preliminary ideas and cognitive support rather than as a substitute for professional judgment, with students identifying contextual limitations of AI recommendat
• AI ghostwriter effect: users do not claim ownership of AI-generated texts yet fail to publicly acknowledge the AI's contribution - AI ghostwriter effect: users do not claim ownership of AI-generated texts yet fail to publicly acknowledge the AI's contribution
• AI governance vocabulary (bias, transparency, privacy, accountability, regulation, fairness) is a structural zero in students' AI associative networks - AI governance vocabulary (bias, transparency, privacy, accountability, regulation, fairness) is a structural zero in students' AI associative networks
• AI grading errors concentrate in graphical tasks and include both false positives on incorrect equations and false negatives from misread sketches and labels - AI grading errors concentrate in graphical tasks and include both false positives on incorrect equations and false negatives from misread sketches and labels
• AI grading of the exam is highly stable across five independent runs at the total-score level (ICC(A,1) = 0.967), with lower but still strong cell-level stability (ICC(A,1) = 0.836) - AI grading of the exam is highly stable across five independent runs at the total-score level (ICC(A,1) = 0.967), with lower but still strong cell-level stability (ICC(A,1) = 0.836)
• AI grading recovered the same five-student International Physics Olympiad team as official human grading in both rounds, though with a different internal ranking - AI grading recovered the same five-student International Physics Olympiad team as official human grading in both rounds, though with a different internal ranking
• AI guilt correlates with avoidance and concealment behaviours, most strongly with limiting use due to uneasiness - AI guilt correlates with avoidance and concealment behaviours, most strongly with limiting use due to uneasiness
• AI hallucination can be turned into a pedagogical resource by making verification and collaborative fact evaluation integral to AI-supported learning - AI hallucination can be turned into a pedagogical resource by making verification and collaborative fact evaluation integral to AI-supported learning
• AI has transformed the traditional teacher-student relationship into a teacher-AI-student dynamic - AI has transformed the traditional teacher-student relationship into a teacher-AI-student dynamic
• AI hiring tools have demonstrated biases disproportionately affecting women, individuals with disabilities, and underrepresented ethnic and racial groups - AI hiring tools have demonstrated biases disproportionately affecting women, individuals with disabilities, and underrepresented ethnic and racial groups
• AI humanizer websites recontextualize detection evasion by deleting misconduct terms and substituting euphemisms like 'humanize' and 'improve flow' - AI humanizer websites recontextualize detection evasion by deleting misconduct terms and substituting euphemisms like 'humanize' and 'improve flow'
• AI implementation increases the invisible emotional and relational labor of associate deans, which remains unquantified in leadership evaluations - AI implementation increases the invisible emotional and relational labor of associate deans, which remains unquantified in leadership evaluations
• AI in adult education risks reinforcing existing inequalities via the digital divide, particularly for rural, low-income, and marginalized learners - AI in adult education risks reinforcing existing inequalities via the digital divide, particularly for rural, low-income, and marginalized learners
• AI in education poses challenges across three interrelated domains: knowledge itself, the process of knowing, and the socio-environmental impact of knowledge production - AI in education poses challenges across three interrelated domains: knowledge itself, the process of knowing, and the socio-environmental impact of knowledge production
• AI in online learning offers personalization, predictive analytics, and potential reduction of instructor time on tasks - AI in online learning offers personalization, predictive analytics, and potential reduction of instructor time on tasks
• AI in VET is predominantly implemented through behaviorist or cognitively oriented instructional designs emphasizing drill-and-practice and adaptive feedback, while approaches fostering learner agency and critical reflection remain underrepresented - AI in VET is predominantly implemented through behaviorist or cognitively oriented instructional designs emphasizing drill-and-practice and adaptive feedback, while approaches fostering learner agency
• AI integration in academic settings has outpaced regulatory frameworks, leaving ethical practices, assessment, and institutional responses inconsistent - AI integration in academic settings has outpaced regulatory frameworks, leaving ethical practices, assessment, and institutional responses inconsistent
• AI integration in online learning raises interconnected challenges of academic integrity, equity and bias, ethics and privacy, and institutional policy gaps - AI integration in online learning raises interconnected challenges of academic integrity, equity and bias, ethics and privacy, and institutional policy gaps
• AI integration is associated with improvements in teaching, learning, and administrative efficiency in higher education when supported by adequate infrastructure - AI integration is associated with improvements in teaching, learning, and administrative efficiency in higher education when supported by adequate infrastructure
• AI integration shifted staff roles from direct instruction to facilitation and increased workload - AI integration shifted staff roles from direct instruction to facilitation and increased workload
• AI Interaction Competence, not GPA or prior knowledge, is the decisive moderator of LLM-assisted learning gains - AI Interaction Competence, not GPA or prior knowledge, is the decisive moderator of LLM-assisted learning gains
• AI introduced without pedagogical scaffolding can replace rather than reinforce learners' self-regulatory processes - AI introduced without pedagogical scaffolding can replace rather than reinforce learners' self-regulatory processes
• AI intuition emphasizes epistemic judgment rather than output optimization, distinguishing it from prompt engineering - AI intuition emphasizes epistemic judgment rather than output optimization, distinguishing it from prompt engineering
• AI involvement at the intermediate feedback level is appropriate only if five non-negotiable boundary principles hold simultaneously - AI involvement at the intermediate feedback level is appropriate only if five non-negotiable boundary principles hold simultaneously
• AI is currently not best practice for competency-based micro-credential assessment; human assessors remain indispensable - AI is currently not best practice for competency-based micro-credential assessment; human assessors remain indispensable
• AI is implemented in SRL research primarily as an intervention, most often through adaptive systems and personalization - AI is implemented in SRL research primarily as an intervention, most often through adaptive systems and personalization
• AI is not an inherently autonomous, intelligent, or objective entity but a product of human ingenuity dependent on exploitative labour and data extraction - AI is not an inherently autonomous, intelligent, or objective entity but a product of human ingenuity dependent on exploitative labour and data extraction
• AI is not yet ready to replace teachers but presents a real possibility to augment them - AI is not yet ready to replace teachers but presents a real possibility to augment them
• AI knowledge and attitudes toward AI did not significantly predict teachers' AI integration ability - AI knowledge and attitudes toward AI did not significantly predict teachers' AI integration ability
• AI language polishing alone can flip human-authored scholarly texts from human-classified to AI-classified - AI language polishing alone can flip human-authored scholarly texts from human-classified to AI-classified
• AI literacy and formal AI training remain low among nursing and health-professions students, though attitudes are largely positive - AI literacy and formal AI training remain low among nursing and health-professions students, though attitudes are largely positive
• AI literacy directly and positively predicts learning engagement among university students - AI literacy directly and positively predicts learning engagement among university students
• AI literacy has a significant direct effect on academic performance among non-STEM students (β = .222, p = .001) - AI literacy has a significant direct effect on academic performance among non-STEM students (β = .222, p = .001)
• AI literacy instruction widened a confidence-knowledge gap: students' perceived understanding of AI tools increased significantly after instruction while actual knowledge improved minimally - AI literacy instruction widened a confidence-knowledge gap: students' perceived understanding of AI tools increased significantly after instruction while actual knowledge improved minimally
• AI literacy interventions recalibrate reliance on ML systems rather than simply increasing trust - AI literacy interventions recalibrate reliance on ML systems rather than simply increasing trust
• AI literacy interventions show a large, statistically significant overall positive effect on student AI literacy outcomes (g = 0.837) - AI literacy interventions show a large, statistically significant overall positive effect on student AI literacy outcomes (g = 0.837)
• AI literacy is directly and positively associated with continued ChatGPT use among existing users - AI literacy is directly and positively associated with continued ChatGPT use among existing users
• AI literacy is strongly associated with students' critical AI evaluation in generative-AI-supported learning - AI literacy is strongly associated with students' critical AI evaluation in generative-AI-supported learning
• AI literacy is the strongest predictor of faculty AI well-being in the structural model - AI literacy is the strongest predictor of faculty AI well-being in the structural model
• AI literacy is the strongest predictor of reliance type: each unit increase in AI literacy is associated with roughly a tenfold reduction in the odds of Dependent versus Strategic classification - AI literacy is the strongest predictor of reliance type: each unit increase in AI literacy is associated with roughly a tenfold reduction in the odds of Dependent versus Strategic classification
• AI literacy moderates the pathways from perceived AI-adaptive environments to academic emotions, attenuating negative emotional effects among students with higher AI literacy - AI literacy moderates the pathways from perceived AI-adaptive environments to academic emotions, attenuating negative emotional effects among students with higher AI literacy
• AI literacy negatively moderates the trust–appropriate reliance relationship, with the trust slope becoming more negative as AI literacy increases - AI literacy negatively moderates the trust–appropriate reliance relationship, with the trust slope becoming more negative as AI literacy increases
• AI literacy positively predicts AI-TPACK among Chinese pre-service science teachers - AI literacy positively predicts AI-TPACK among Chinese pre-service science teachers
• AI literacy priorities manifest as developmentally distinct pedagogical patterns across educational phases - AI literacy priorities manifest as developmentally distinct pedagogical patterns across educational phases
• AI literacy relates to AI integration intention through a serial indirect pathway via AI-TPACK and science teaching self-efficacy - AI literacy relates to AI integration intention through a serial indirect pathway via AI-TPACK and science teaching self-efficacy
• AI literacy requires discipline-specific calibration beyond prompt-writing skills - AI literacy requires discipline-specific calibration beyond prompt-writing skills
• AI literacy shows a small positive association with ethical scenario classification accuracy - AI literacy shows a small positive association with ethical scenario classification accuracy
• AI literacy strongly predicts LMS quality among non-STEM students (β = .814, p < .001) - AI literacy strongly predicts LMS quality among non-STEM students (β = .814, p < .001)
• AI literacy warnings reduce LLM political persuasion by roughly one-half (meta-analytic -48.1%) - AI literacy warnings reduce LLM political persuasion by roughly one-half (meta-analytic -48.1%)
• AI most often serves as an assistant or draft generator (33.3% of studies) in teacher-AI design collaboration, while co-designer or partner roles appear in only 13.3% - AI most often serves as an assistant or draft generator (33.3% of studies) in teacher-AI design collaboration, while co-designer or partner roles appear in only 13.3%
• AI multimodal feedback is rated higher than educator feedback on specificity, clarity, simplicity, motivation, satisfaction, and lower mental effort, with comparable correctness, trust, and acceptance - AI multimodal feedback is rated higher than educator feedback on specificity, clarity, simplicity, motivation, satisfaction, and lower mental effort, with comparable correctness, trust, and acceptance
• AI multimodal feedback produces post-test learning gains equivalent to educator feedback after controlling for pre-test performance - AI multimodal feedback produces post-test learning gains equivalent to educator feedback after controlling for pre-test performance
• AI outcomes in higher education are shaped by leadership capacity, infrastructure readiness, and governance structures rather than functioning independently - AI outcomes in higher education are shaped by leadership capacity, infrastructure readiness, and governance structures rather than functioning independently
• AI output errors are frequent: 44.5% fabricated references in drafted research proposals and 5–13% unsafe chatbot medical answers - AI output errors are frequent: 44.5% fabricated references in drafted research proposals and 5–13% unsafe chatbot medical answers
• AI over-reliance can produce inversion effects, reducing cognitive processing depth and learning outcomes - AI over-reliance can produce inversion effects, reducing cognitive processing depth and learning outcomes
• AI overviews in an academic search engine showed mixed effects: summaries may reduce mental demand and frustration for some users, with slightly fewer clicks and query reformulations - AI overviews in an academic search engine showed mixed effects: summaries may reduce mental demand and frustration for some users, with slightly fewer clicks and query reformulations
• AI Paradox: students report higher confidence in critical AI awareness than in operational AI usage (p = 0.015) - AI Paradox: students report higher confidence in critical AI awareness than in operational AI usage (p = 0.015)
• AI pedagogical orientation strongly predicts self-reported AI use across research, teaching, and other professional domains - AI pedagogical orientation strongly predicts self-reported AI use across research, teaching, and other professional domains
• AI pilots found models not yet capable of high-quality math output generation, including multiple choice problems, coherent word problems, and math visuals - AI pilots found models not yet capable of high-quality math output generation, including multiple choice problems, coherent word problems, and math visuals
• AI proficiency is positively associated with self-reported psychological adjustment after controlling for course development satisfaction - AI proficiency is positively associated with self-reported psychological adjustment after controlling for course development satisfaction
• AI proficiency moderates the association between course development satisfaction and academic adjustment, which is stronger among students with higher AI proficiency - AI proficiency moderates the association between course development satisfaction and academic adjustment, which is stronger among students with higher AI proficiency
• AI proficiency partially mediates the association between course development satisfaction and self-reported psychological adjustment (indirect effect = 0.124) - AI proficiency partially mediates the association between course development satisfaction and self-reported psychological adjustment (indirect effect = 0.124)
• AI Prompting Literacy is indirectly and significantly associated with Deep Revision Engagement through Perceived Competence, Intrinsic Motivation, and Psychological Safety - AI Prompting Literacy is indirectly and significantly associated with Deep Revision Engagement through Perceived Competence, Intrinsic Motivation, and Psychological Safety
• AI Prompting Literacy significantly positively predicts Perceived Competence, Intrinsic Motivation, and Psychological Safety among Chinese university EFL learners - AI Prompting Literacy significantly positively predicts Perceived Competence, Intrinsic Motivation, and Psychological Safety among Chinese university EFL learners
• AI raises the ceiling on problem complexity by reducing access complexity rather than cognitive demand - AI raises the ceiling on problem complexity by reducing access complexity rather than cognitive demand
• AI readiness is the strongest predictor of K-12 teachers' positive beliefs about GenAI's instructional impact, with the model explaining 50% of variance - AI readiness is the strongest predictor of K-12 teachers' positive beliefs about GenAI's instructional impact, with the model explaining 50% of variance
• AI reduces foreign language anxiety and strengthens self-efficacy and self-confidence, supporting the Affective Foundation Pathway - AI reduces foreign language anxiety and strengthens self-efficacy and self-confidence, supporting the Affective Foundation Pathway
• AI review difficulty also correlates with problem-level non-attempt rate, providing process evidence beyond pass rate - AI review difficulty also correlates with problem-level non-attempt rate, providing process evidence beyond pass rate
• AI roles in learning communities risk passivity, diminished authenticity, and overdependence if reflective inquiry is bypassed - AI roles in learning communities risk passivity, diminished authenticity, and overdependence if reflective inquiry is bypassed
• AI scaffolding differs from human scaffolding in availability, feedback timing, and dynamic adjustment, making its developmental impact conditional - AI scaffolding differs from human scaffolding in availability, feedback timing, and dynamic adjustment, making its developmental impact conditional
• AI scheduling systems reportedly reduce administrative workload by up to 40% and enrollment prediction exceeds 85% accuracy (as reported in the reviewed literature) - AI scheduling systems reportedly reduce administrative workload by up to 40% and enrollment prediction exceeds 85% accuracy (as reported in the reviewed literature)
• AI scoring consistency approaches or exceeds 90% for most rubric items, but spelling is replaced by a deterministic LanguageTool-based approach achieving 68% accuracy with 100% consistency - AI scoring consistency approaches or exceeds 90% for most rubric items, but spelling is replaced by a deterministic LanguageTool-based approach achieving 68% accuracy with 100% consistency
• AI scoring shows a quality-conditioned pattern: strong agreement on fully correct and fully incorrect responses but substantial degradation on mid-range responses - AI scoring shows a quality-conditioned pattern: strong agreement on fully correct and fully incorrect responses but substantial degradation on mid-range responses
• AI scoring shows a systematic conservative bias, under-grading writing so 15.3% (2024) and 16.5% (2025) of human-passing tests would fail under AI scoring - AI scoring shows a systematic conservative bias, under-grading writing so 15.3% (2024) and 16.5% (2025) of human-passing tests would fail under AI scoring
• AI self-efficacy and self-regulated learning mediate the support–competence associations in opposite patterns for the two supports - AI self-efficacy and self-regulated learning mediate the support–competence associations in opposite patterns for the two supports
• AI self-reported confidence flags identify parts with smaller grading differences, but some high-confidence parts still differ from official scores by more than one point - AI self-reported confidence flags identify parts with smaller grading differences, but some high-confidence parts still differ from official scores by more than one point
• AI serves two complementary roles in learning: cognitive partner and personalized recommendation mechanism - AI serves two complementary roles in learning: cognitive partner and personalized recommendation mechanism
• AI severs the correlation between artefact quality and cognitive engagement, breaking the artefact-as-proxy for learning - AI severs the correlation between artefact quality and cognitive engagement, breaking the artefact-as-proxy for learning
• AI shifts the learner's role from producer to evaluator of mathematical meaning across multiple generative strategies - AI shifts the learner's role from producer to evaluator of mathematical meaning across multiple generative strategies
• AI simulation induced higher state anxiety than standardized patient simulation in one RCT, while qualitative studies reported reduced anxiety - AI simulation induced higher state anxiety than standardized patient simulation in one RCT, while qualitative studies reported reduced anxiety
• AI solutions can automate routine tasks but cannot yet handle the complex tasks of higher learning - AI solutions can automate routine tasks but cannot yet handle the complex tasks of higher learning
• AI support can improve task performance while weakening users' metacognitive accuracy and leaving their own reasoning unimproved - AI support can improve task performance while weakening users' metacognitive accuracy and leaving their own reasoning unimproved
• AI support during drafting lowers ownership substantially more than support during planning or revision, and planning support preserves more ownership than revision support. - AI support during drafting lowers ownership substantially more than support during planning or revision, and planning support preserves more ownership than revision support.
• AI support in higher education is concentrated in instructional, assessment, and feedback decisions, with curriculum and learning-environment decisions least supported - AI support in higher education is concentrated in instructional, assessment, and feedback decisions, with curriculum and learning-environment decisions least supported
• AI support shifts perceived attribution of ideas and text toward the AI, most strongly for AI-generated drafts, and an AI draft based on the writer's own outline contributed more ideas than expected (27%). - AI support shifts perceived attribution of ideas and text toward the AI, most strongly for AI-generated drafts, and an AI draft based on the writer's own outline contributed more ideas than expected (
• AI supporting SRL aims at end outcomes beyond SRL itself, most frequently improved academic performance - AI supporting SRL aims at end outcomes beyond SRL itself, most frequently improved academic performance
• AI systems are non-neutral socio-technical artifacts embedding cultural assumptions and power relations - AI systems are non-neutral socio-technical artifacts embedding cultural assumptions and power relations
• AI systems can produce biased or inaccurate diagnostic outputs, requiring critical teacher evaluation before integration - AI systems can produce biased or inaccurate diagnostic outputs, requiring critical teacher evaluation before integration
• AI systems relying on black-box models should not be used for high-stakes applications - AI systems relying on black-box models should not be used for high-stakes applications
• AI TA condition shows no statistically significant differences in perceived task-comprehension support, correctness, or interaction stress - AI TA condition shows no statistically significant differences in perceived task-comprehension support, correctness, or interaction stress
• AI takeover of metacognitive monitoring may foster illusion of competence (untested conjecture) - AI takeover of metacognitive monitoring may foster illusion of competence (untested conjecture)
• AI task scaffolding is positively associated with critical thinking and technical problem-solving among AI-using university students - AI task scaffolding is positively associated with critical thinking and technical problem-solving among AI-using university students
• AI teaching agents differed most on knowledge-related dimensions and least on role-play quality, with adaptive difficulty calibration a shared weakness - AI teaching agents differed most on knowledge-related dimensions and least on role-play quality, with adaptive difficulty calibration a shared weakness
• AI technological support is positively associated with innovative competence at all quantiles, with stronger associations at medium-to-high competence levels - AI technological support is positively associated with innovative competence at all quantiles, with stronger associations at medium-to-high competence levels
• AI technologies in education enhance teaching and learning through personalization and data analytics while reshaping administrative functions and decision-making - AI technologies in education enhance teaching and learning through personalization and data analytics while reshaping administrative functions and decision-making
• AI text detectors can return high AI-detection scores for human-written academic text, raising fairness concerns about authenticity evaluation - AI text detectors can return high AI-detection scores for human-written academic text, raising fairness concerns about authenticity evaluation
• AI tools are reshaping traditional experimental approaches and creating novel opportunities for enhanced learning experiences in chemistry - AI tools are reshaping traditional experimental approaches and creating novel opportunities for enhanced learning experiences in chemistry
• AI tools collected and organized a previously unavailable granularity of data, including individual student exchanges and classroom discussion data, to generate actionable recommendations - AI tools collected and organized a previously unavailable granularity of data, including individual student exchanges and classroom discussion data, to generate actionable recommendations
• AI tools compress idea-to-prototype time, freeing UX teams for human-led connection and alignment - AI tools compress idea-to-prototype time, freeing UX teams for human-led connection and alignment
• AI tools such as chatbots, intelligent tutoring systems, and early alert systems are identified as having potential to serve marginalized students, contingent on ethical governance and infrastructure - AI tools such as chatbots, intelligent tutoring systems, and early alert systems are identified as having potential to serve marginalized students, contingent on ethical governance and infrastructure
• AI total scores correlate strongly with official human scores on handwritten physics assessments (r = 0.91–0.97 in Round I; 0.93–0.96 in Round II) - AI total scores correlate strongly with official human scores on handwritten physics assessments (r = 0.91–0.97 in Round I; 0.93–0.96 in Round II)
• AI training for pre-service primary teachers is predominantly short-term interventions embedded within existing courses rather than standalone AI courses - AI training for pre-service primary teachers is predominantly short-term interventions embedded within existing courses rather than standalone AI courses
• AI tutor benchmark datasets show essentially no correlation between chatbot scaffolding and student uptake - AI tutor benchmark datasets show essentially no correlation between chatbot scaffolding and student uptake
• AI Tutors are positioned as cognition interpretation agents that read behavioural signals as indicators of underlying cognition structures over time - AI Tutors are positioned as cognition interpretation agents that read behavioural signals as indicators of underlying cognition structures over time
• AI tutors explicitly designed according to educational theory outperformed traditional active learning in rigorous academic settings - AI tutors explicitly designed according to educational theory outperformed traditional active learning in rigorous academic settings
• AI usage pressure attenuates the indirect association of course development satisfaction with psychological adjustment through AI proficiency (moderated mediation index = −0.051) - AI usage pressure attenuates the indirect association of course development satisfaction with psychological adjustment through AI proficiency (moderated mediation index = −0.051)
• AI use also carries negative outcomes: technical instability, negative emotional impacts, over-reliance, and contextual contingency - AI use also carries negative outcomes: technical instability, negative emotional impacts, over-reliance, and contextual contingency
• AI use for logistical challenges far exceeds the reported prevalence of logistical difficulties (86% usage vs 29% prevalence) - AI use for logistical challenges far exceeds the reported prevalence of logistical difficulties (86% usage vs 29% prevalence)
• AI use in training carries risks of uncritical acceptance and overreliance, including undetected conceptual errors and increased delegation of problem solving - AI use in training carries risks of uncritical acceptance and overreliance, including undetected conceptual errors and increased delegation of problem solving
• AI use is predominantly independent of the science subject taught, with one exception: chemistry teachers most often cite lack of subject-specific relevance - AI use is predominantly independent of the science subject taught, with one exception: chemistry teachers most often cite lack of subject-specific relevance
• AI use threatens students' computing identities as competent, hardworking, and ethical, with students identifying as cheaters, lazy, or incompetent even where AI is permitted - AI use threatens students' computing identities as competent, hardworking, and ethical, with students identifying as cheaters, lazy, or incompetent even where AI is permitted
• AI verification literacy does not directly predict critical thinking or technical problem-solving - AI verification literacy does not directly predict critical thinking or technical problem-solving
• AI was found lacking in diagnosing student misconceptions because models do not understand lack of logic or sense making - AI was found lacking in diagnosing student misconceptions because models do not understand lack of logic or sense making
• AI's democratizing capacity is structurally contradictory: it amplifies existing capabilities rather than closing gaps between users - AI's democratizing capacity is structurally contradictory: it amplifies existing capabilities rather than closing gaps between users
• AI's direct impact on SRL concentrates on metacognitive and cognitive aspects while motivation remains underexplored - AI's direct impact on SRL concentrates on metacognitive and cognitive aspects while motivation remains underexplored
• AI's key contribution in STEM education is intelligent scaffolding that lowers the threshold for understanding knowledge, driving a shift from knowledge transmission to capability development - AI's key contribution in STEM education is intelligent scaffolding that lowers the threshold for understanding knowledge, driving a shift from knowledge transmission to capability development
• AI's role in shaping interaction, epistemic agency, and shared regulation in collaborative learning remains under-theorized - AI's role in shaping interaction, epistemic agency, and shared regulation in collaborative learning remains under-theorized
• AI-ALOE technology deployments were associated with improved adult learner outcomes, including higher course grades and retention for Jill Watson and higher-quality written work for SMART, though VERA outcomes varied by course structure - AI-ALOE technology deployments were associated with improved adult learner outcomes, including higher course grades and retention for Jill Watson and higher-quality written work for SMART, though VERA
• AI-assigned total scores on a handwritten chemistry exam align strongly with TA-assigned totals (R2 = 0.91), while per-problem agreement is lower (R2 = 0.61–0.85) - AI-assigned total scores on a handwritten chemistry exam align strongly with TA-assigned totals (R2 = 0.91), while per-problem agreement is lower (R2 = 0.61–0.85)
• AI-assisted autonomous learning is negatively associated with hardiness among vocational college students - AI-assisted autonomous learning is negatively associated with hardiness among vocational college students
• AI-assisted autonomous learning is positively associated with reduced academic accomplishment - AI-assisted autonomous learning is positively associated with reduced academic accomplishment
• AI-assisted feedback does not reduce student-perceived usefulness of rated feedback - AI-assisted feedback does not reduce student-perceived usefulness of rated feedback
• AI-assisted feedback drafts do not reduce TAs' time spent per character of feedback - AI-assisted feedback drafts do not reduce TAs' time spent per character of feedback
• AI-assisted feedback drafts increase discretionary feedback provision by TAs by 10.81 percentage points - AI-assisted feedback drafts increase discretionary feedback provision by TAs by 10.81 percentage points
• AI-assisted feedback drafts increase total feedback length by 39.79 characters per submission - AI-assisted feedback drafts increase total feedback length by 39.79 characters per submission
• AI-assisted ideation was conditionally acceptable when researchers retained decision-making authority, but problematic when it displaced conceptual labour - AI-assisted ideation was conditionally acceptable when researchers retained decision-making authority, but problematic when it displaced conceptual labour
• AI-assisted inquiry produced larger decision-making gains than inquiry-only and traditional instruction in secondary climate-change education - AI-assisted inquiry produced larger decision-making gains than inquiry-only and traditional instruction in secondary climate-change education
• AI-assisted journal entries show higher lexical diversity and more emotion-word usage than unassisted entries - AI-assisted journal entries show higher lexical diversity and more emotion-word usage than unassisted entries
• AI-assisted outputs are more similar to each other than purely human-authored ones, indicating a homogenization risk - AI-assisted outputs are more similar to each other than purely human-authored ones, indicating a homogenization risk
• AI-assisted pair programming groups outperformed both individual and human–human pair groups on programming performance - AI-assisted pair programming groups outperformed both individual and human–human pair groups on programming performance
• AI-assisted pair programming significantly increased undergraduate intrinsic motivation compared to individual programming, with outcomes comparable to human–human pair programming - AI-assisted pair programming significantly increased undergraduate intrinsic motivation compared to individual programming, with outcomes comparable to human–human pair programming
• AI-assisted pair programming significantly reduced programming anxiety compared to individual programming - AI-assisted pair programming significantly reduced programming anxiety compared to individual programming
• AI-assisted peer feedback enhanced lexical diversity only in the first writing task, with the group advantage disappearing by the second task - AI-assisted peer feedback enhanced lexical diversity only in the first writing task, with the group advantage disappearing by the second task
• AI-assisted performance during skill-building does not transfer to subsequent unassisted performance - AI-assisted performance during skill-building does not transfer to subsequent unassisted performance
• AI-assisted practice applications improved music students' performance outcomes, self-efficacy, and self-regulated learning - AI-assisted practice applications improved music students' performance outcomes, self-efficacy, and self-regulated learning
• AI-assisted scientific writing assignments risk fabricated references and altered chemical meaning - AI-assisted scientific writing assignments risk fabricated references and altered chemical meaning
• AI-assisted software engineering courses assess primarily through participation, project work, and coding assignments rather than exams - AI-assisted software engineering courses assess primarily through participation, project work, and coding assignments rather than exams
• AI-assisted speed becomes a recalibrated performance baseline, making manual work feel slow and inadequate - AI-assisted speed becomes a recalibrated performance baseline, making manual work feel slow and inadequate
• AI-assisted task performance can rise without corresponding gains in underlying knowledge, metacognitive processing, or independent reasoning - AI-assisted task performance can rise without corresponding gains in underlying knowledge, metacognitive processing, or independent reasoning
• AI-assisted teams comprise more junior authors and fewer senior authors - AI-assisted teams comprise more junior authors and fewer senior authors
• AI-assisted teams have a higher probability of producing top-5%-FWCI publications than human-written teams - AI-assisted teams have a higher probability of producing top-5%-FWCI publications than human-written teams
• AI-attitude profiles differ significantly in career crafting, with High-Perception High-Vigilance and Positive Empowerment highest and Low-Perception Detached lowest - AI-attitude profiles differ significantly in career crafting, with High-Perception High-Vigilance and Positive Empowerment highest and Low-Perception Detached lowest
• AI-augmented instructional design creates tensions between generative affordances and student agency, identity, and academic integrity - AI-augmented instructional design creates tensions between generative affordances and student agency, identity, and academic integrity
• AI-based analyses of student learning may perform unevenly across student populations, limiting comparability of findings across settings - AI-based analyses of student learning may perform unevenly across student populations, limiting comparability of findings across settings
• AI-based assessment practices within PBL contexts remain underdeveloped, with limited empirical evidence on automated feedback, formative assessment, and learning analytics - AI-based assessment practices within PBL contexts remain underdeveloped, with limited empirical evidence on automated feedback, formative assessment, and learning analytics
• AI-based educational technology use is positively associated with critical thinking among undergraduate medical students - AI-based educational technology use is positively associated with critical thinking among undergraduate medical students
• AI-based high school mathematics lessons exhibit four existing and three newly emerging instrumental orchestration types, with the new types appearing in 36 of 46 episodes - AI-based high school mathematics lessons exhibit four existing and three newly emerging instrumental orchestration types, with the new types appearing in 36 of 46 episodes
• AI-based proctoring systems trained on western behavioural norms may exacerbate cultural and social challenges in non-English-speaking regions - AI-based proctoring systems trained on western behavioural norms may exacerbate cultural and social challenges in non-English-speaking regions
• AI-content detection tools achieve only marginally higher success than human reviewers, around 80% versus 78.4% - AI-content detection tools achieve only marginally higher success than human reviewers, around 80% versus 78.4%
• AI-correcting is a newly observed orchestration type in which the teacher identifies erroneous AI feedback, points it out to students, and re-guides or edits AI prompts (10 of 46 episodes) - AI-correcting is a newly observed orchestration type in which the teacher identifies erroneous AI feedback, points it out to students, and re-guides or edits AI prompts (10 of 46 episodes)
• AI-detection tool outputs as submitted evidence collapsed to 0.5% of items in 2025 after peaking at 8.8% in 2024 - AI-detection tool outputs as submitted evidence collapsed to 0.5% of items in 2025 after peaking at 8.8% in 2024
• AI-detection tools produce inequitable outcomes, disadvantaging non-native English speakers through false positives - AI-detection tools produce inequitable outcomes, disadvantaging non-native English speakers through false positives
• AI-directed problem selection may diminish the metacognitive dimension of self-testing while preserving retrieval practice - AI-directed problem selection may diminish the metacognitive dimension of self-testing while preserving retrieval practice
• AI-driven case simulations in ambulatory settings support diagnostic reasoning and anticipatory thinking in nursing education - AI-driven case simulations in ambulatory settings support diagnostic reasoning and anticipatory thinking in nursing education
• AI-driven methodologies in chemistry laboratory classes foster deeper understanding of chemical phenomena while raising questions about human intuition and creativity - AI-driven methodologies in chemistry laboratory classes foster deeper understanding of chemical phenomena while raising questions about human intuition and creativity
• AI-driven PBL environments enhance educator and student collaboration via real-time feedback, intelligent scaffolding, and data-informed instructional decisions - AI-driven PBL environments enhance educator and student collaboration via real-time feedback, intelligent scaffolding, and data-informed instructional decisions
• AI-driven personalized and adaptive learning pathways support learner engagement and satisfaction in online courses - AI-driven personalized and adaptive learning pathways support learner engagement and satisfaction in online courses
• AI-driven reforms frequently operate through an efficiency–sustainability substitution mechanism that redefines sustainability as operational performance - AI-driven reforms frequently operate through an efficiency–sustainability substitution mechanism that redefines sustainability as operational performance
• AI-enabled personalized STEM education yields a statistically significant overall effect of g = 0.455, which its authors class as small, compared with traditional non-AI instruction in K-12 schools - AI-enabled personalized STEM education yields a statistically significant overall effect of g = 0.455, which its authors class as small, compared with traditional non-AI instruction in K-12 schools
• AI-enabled service delivery improves responsiveness, personalisation, and student satisfaction in higher education, but remains uneven globally - AI-enabled service delivery improves responsiveness, personalisation, and student satisfaction in higher education, but remains uneven globally
• AI-enhanced assessment tools are reported to facilitate adaptive testing, real-time learner support, and data-driven insights - AI-enhanced assessment tools are reported to facilitate adaptive testing, real-time learner support, and data-driven insights
• AI-enhanced simulation in high-acuity nursing training improves clinical confidence and emergency preparedness - AI-enhanced simulation in high-acuity nursing training improves clinical confidence and emergency preparedness
• AI-generated (GPT-4) feedback produced no greater linguistic progress than human tutor feedback among ENL students over six weeks - AI-generated (GPT-4) feedback produced no greater linguistic progress than human tutor feedback among ENL students over six weeks
• AI-generated 10-question exams provided higher maximum test information and reliability (Imax = 3.85, R = 0.79) than the standardized exams (Imax = 2.61, R = 0.72) - AI-generated 10-question exams provided higher maximum test information and reliability (Imax = 3.85, R = 0.79) than the standardized exams (Imax = 2.61, R = 0.72)
• AI-generated and prebuilt simulations produced higher immediate conceptual-assessment scores than physical laboratory work, but the advantage did not persist in later examinations - AI-generated and prebuilt simulations produced higher immediate conceptual-assessment scores than physical laboratory work, but the advantage did not persist in later examinations
• AI-generated assessment items frequently need faculty correction, supporting AI as a draft generator within quality assurance - AI-generated assessment items frequently need faculty correction, supporting AI as a draft generator within quality assurance
• AI-generated diagnostic information is inherently incomplete, focusing on performance data and omitting contextual and motivational information - AI-generated diagnostic information is inherently incomplete, focusing on performance data and omitting contextual and motivational information
• AI-generated ethics exercise materials carried external citations that did not survive checking, ranging from misattributed to apparently fabricated - AI-generated ethics exercise materials carried external citations that did not survive checking, ranging from misattributed to apparently fabricated
• AI-generated exam questions were somewhat easier than standardized-test questions, with average difficulty βAI = −0.45 versus βSTD = 0.35 - AI-generated exam questions were somewhat easier than standardized-test questions, with average difficulty βAI = −0.45 versus βSTD = 0.35
• AI-generated homework hints were positively associated with exam performance only when exam questions closely matched the homework content - AI-generated homework hints were positively associated with exam performance only when exam questions closely matched the homework content
• AI-generated interactive-fiction learning scenarios are perceived as narratively clear and of appropriate length by STEM higher-education participants - AI-generated interactive-fiction learning scenarios are perceived as narratively clear and of appropriate length by STEM higher-education participants
• AI-generated OOD question datasets are longer, syntactically deeper, and overlap less with Bloom trigger verbs than human-curated IID data - AI-generated OOD question datasets are longer, syntactically deeper, and overlap less with Bloom trigger verbs than human-curated IID data
• AI-generated questions instead of draft text significantly reduce actors' cognitive burden during character journaling - AI-generated questions instead of draft text significantly reduce actors' cognitive burden during character journaling
• AI-generated questions showed slightly higher average discrimination than standardized test questions (αAI = 1.3 vs αSTD = 1.2), with moderate evidence - AI-generated questions showed slightly higher average discrimination than standardized test questions (αAI = 1.3 vs αSTD = 1.2), with moderate evidence
• AI-generated readings lacked internal traceability: only about 0.80% of pages contained APA-style citations, URLs appeared on about 0.53%, and DOI strings were essentially absent - AI-generated readings lacked internal traceability: only about 0.80% of pages contained APA-style citations, URLs appeared on about 0.53%, and DOI strings were essentially absent
• AI-generated responses positively influenced the self-efficacy of secondary students in solving mathematics problems - AI-generated responses positively influenced the self-efficacy of secondary students in solving mathematics problems
• AI-generated revision podcasts produce statistically significant immediate learning gains in medical students at both study centres - AI-generated revision podcasts produce statistically significant immediate learning gains in medical students at both study centres
• AI-generated revisions employ significantly more appraisal resources than peer-feedback revisions, which exceed first drafts - AI-generated revisions employ significantly more appraisal resources than peer-feedback revisions, which exceed first drafts
• AI-generated rewrites of cover letters were rated higher for writing quality and more likely to secure hypothetical interviews than rewrites by professional human editors - AI-generated rewrites of cover letters were rated higher for writing quality and more likely to secure hypothetical interviews than rewrites by professional human editors
• AI-generated text can pass as human-authored in up to 80% of cases, making reliable differentiation a significant challenge - AI-generated text can pass as human-authored in up to 80% of cases, making reliable differentiation a significant challenge
• AI-generated-text detectors are reported as ineffective against current sophisticated language models, and students can alter text to evade detection - AI-generated-text detectors are reported as ineffective against current sophisticated language models, and students can alter text to evade detection
• AI-induced gains are not purely delegation: treated participants do not perform worse once AI is removed, and lower-education participants retain part of their gain, though a 0.200 SD gap re-emerges - AI-induced gains are not purely delegation: treated participants do not perform worse once AI is removed, and lower-education participants retain part of their gain, though a 0.200 SD gap re-emerges
• AI-mediated feedback in hands-on exhibits improves learning and engagement
• AI-mediated language instruction fosters self-regulated learning among EFL learners more than traditional instruction - AI-mediated language instruction fosters self-regulated learning among EFL learners more than traditional instruction
• AI-mediated language instruction increases EFL learners' L2 motivation more than traditional instruction - AI-mediated language instruction increases EFL learners' L2 motivation more than traditional instruction
• AI-mediated language instruction produces significantly greater English learning achievement gains than traditional instruction among EFL learners - AI-mediated language instruction produces significantly greater English learning achievement gains than traditional instruction among EFL learners
• AI-mediated SSH learning externalizes interpretive cognition as students delegate thematic identification, contextual explanation, and comparative analysis to AI systems - AI-mediated SSH learning externalizes interpretive cognition as students delegate thematic identification, contextual explanation, and comparative analysis to AI systems
• AI-mediating is a newly observed orchestration type in which the teacher concretizes or supplements correct AI feedback for students in curriculum context (12 of 46 episodes) - AI-mediating is a newly observed orchestration type in which the teacher concretizes or supplements correct AI feedback for students in curriculum context (12 of 46 episodes)
• AI-motivation research is geographically and educationally concentrated: over half of reviewed studies were conducted in China and most in higher education - AI-motivation research is geographically and educationally concentrated: over half of reviewed studies were conducted in China and most in higher education
• AI-PBL students achieve high normalized learning gains (g = 0.73) in computational thinking and academic achievement while control students record low gains (g ≤ 0.20) - AI-PBL students achieve high normalized learning gains (g = 0.73) in computational thinking and academic achievement while control students record low gains (g ≤ 0.20)
• AI-peer integrated feedback produces significantly higher posttest affective engagement than conventional peer feedback in EFL writing - AI-peer integrated feedback produces significantly higher posttest affective engagement than conventional peer feedback in EFL writing
• AI-peer integrated feedback produces significantly higher posttest behavioral engagement than conventional peer feedback in EFL writing - AI-peer integrated feedback produces significantly higher posttest behavioral engagement than conventional peer feedback in EFL writing
• AI-peer integrated feedback yields significant gains on all four writing dimensions, with the group × dimension interaction showing differential improvement favoring task achievement and lexical resource over coherence and cohesion - AI-peer integrated feedback yields significant gains on all four writing dimensions, with the group × dimension interaction showing differential improvement favoring task achievement and lexical resou
• AI-powered corrective feedback and repeated practice enhance oral language skills (Communicative Capacity Pathway) - AI-powered corrective feedback and repeated practice enhance oral language skills (Communicative Capacity Pathway)
• AI-powered multimodal approaches tracking emotional and physiological responses increase student engagement and motivation in collaborative learning - AI-powered multimodal approaches tracking emotional and physiological responses increase student engagement and motivation in collaborative learning
• AI-powered predictive analytics improves academic performance by enabling early identification of at-risk students and timely intervention - AI-powered predictive analytics improves academic performance by enabling early identification of at-risk students and timely intervention
• AI-powered simulations show short-term gains in communication confidence and structured knowledge in RCTs, with limited or inferior effects for tactile psychomotor skills - AI-powered simulations show short-term gains in communication confidence and structured knowledge in RCTs, with limited or inferior effects for tactile psychomotor skills
• AI-related fear shows a differentiated pattern: positive direct association with AI use but negative association with pedagogical AI competence and negative indirect effect - AI-related fear shows a differentiated pattern: positive direct association with AI use but negative association with pedagogical AI competence and negative indirect effect
• AI-related guilt decreases with career stage, with early-career academics reporting the highest guilt - AI-related guilt decreases with career stage, with early-career academics reporting the highest guilt
• AI-related placebo effects lead users to overestimate their own abilities while or after being assisted by an AI - AI-related placebo effects lead users to overestimate their own abilities while or after being assisted by an AI
• AI-related professional learning does not clearly moderate the within-teacher demand–AI allocation association - AI-related professional learning does not clearly moderate the within-teacher demand–AI allocation association
• AI-section students framed the AI as a collaborative partner even when logs showed one-shot imperatives and rapid acceptance (Illusion of Dialogue) - AI-section students framed the AI as a collaborative partner even when logs showed one-shot imperatives and rapid acceptance (Illusion of Dialogue)
• AI-section students showed tool-linked self-efficacy and attenuated metacognitive calibration, with the human-pair contrast group showing larger concept-map gains in cross-links and hierarchy - AI-section students showed tool-linked self-efficacy and attenuated metacognitive calibration, with the human-pair contrast group showing larger concept-map gains in cross-links and hierarchy
• AI-STEM research concentrated in higher education, technology and science content, lecture-based instruction, and face-to-face contexts - AI-STEM research concentrated in higher education, technology and science content, lecture-based instruction, and face-to-face contexts
• AI-supported adaptive systems are reported to enhance adult learner engagement, motivation, and outcomes when aligned with learner goals and prior knowledge - AI-supported adaptive systems are reported to enhance adult learner engagement, motivation, and outcomes when aligned with learner goals and prior knowledge
• AI-supported argumentative writing yields three distinct uptake clusters (text reproducers, text integrators, text reconstructors) based on recurring n-gram overlap - AI-supported argumentative writing yields three distinct uptake clusters (text reproducers, text integrators, text reconstructors) based on recurring n-gram overlap
• AI-supported co-produced feedback achieved comparable quality and statistically significant learning gains with reduced production time and workload - AI-supported co-produced feedback achieved comparable quality and statistically significant learning gains with reduced production time and workload
• AI-supported design iteration consists of generation, selection, evaluation, and revision rather than one-off generation - AI-supported design iteration consists of generation, selection, evaluation, and revision rather than one-off generation
• AI-supported design learning demands integrative capabilities, judgement, and learner agency rather than a single new skill - AI-supported design learning demands integrative capabilities, judgement, and learner agency rather than a single new skill
• AI-supported examination and construction practices (explanation, creation) qualify only as expanded or transformed epistemic practices because they can be performed without AI - AI-supported examination and construction practices (explanation, creation) qualify only as expanded or transformed epistemic practices because they can be performed without AI
• AI-supported game-based learning shows positive learning effects across diverse subject domains in the majority of included studies - AI-supported game-based learning shows positive learning effects across diverse subject domains in the majority of included studies
• AI-supported inquiry-based learning did not produce a statistically significant improvement in students' critical problem-solving skills - AI-supported inquiry-based learning did not produce a statistically significant improvement in students' critical problem-solving skills
• AI-supported inquiry-based learning significantly improved secondary students' attitudes toward mathematics compared with traditional instruction - AI-supported inquiry-based learning significantly improved secondary students' attitudes toward mathematics compared with traditional instruction
• AI-supported inquiry-based learning significantly improved secondary students' creative mathematical performance compared with traditional instruction - AI-supported inquiry-based learning significantly improved secondary students' creative mathematical performance compared with traditional instruction
• AI-supported instruction has a moderate positive effect on student achievement in STEM education (g = 0.670 under a random effects model) - AI-supported instruction has a moderate positive effect on student achievement in STEM education (g = 0.670 under a random effects model)
• AI-supported instruction is most effective at the high school level, with between-level differences statistically significant - AI-supported instruction is most effective at the high school level, with between-level differences statistically significant
• AI-supported lab manual design increased students' confidence in experimental design in an upper-division analytical chemistry laboratory course - AI-supported lab manual design increased students' confidence in experimental design in an upper-division analytical chemistry laboratory course
• AI-supported lab manual design increased students' confidence in troubleshooting and data analysis - AI-supported lab manual design increased students' confidence in troubleshooting and data analysis
• AI-supported PBL cohorts produced sixteen student-authored peer-reviewed publications and consistently high peer evaluations - AI-supported PBL cohorts produced sixteen student-authored peer-reviewed publications and consistently high peer evaluations
• AI-supported PBL offerings showed higher A-rates and fewer low grades than pre-integration control offerings when including the COVID-19 year - AI-supported PBL offerings showed higher A-rates and fewer low grades than pre-integration control offerings when including the COVID-19 year
• AI-supported PBL students obtain significantly higher posttest academic achievement scores in robotics programming than traditional-lecture students when controlling pretest scores - AI-supported PBL students obtain significantly higher posttest academic achievement scores in robotics programming than traditional-lecture students when controlling pretest scores
• AI-supported PBL students obtain significantly higher posttest computational thinking scores than traditional-lecture students when controlling pretest scores - AI-supported PBL students obtain significantly higher posttest computational thinking scores than traditional-lecture students when controlling pretest scores
• AI-supported project-based learning at YCHS produced authentic student-designed products through iterative prompting and refinement - AI-supported project-based learning at YCHS produced authentic student-designed products through iterative prompting and refinement
• AI-supported prototyping combined with educator feedback loops accelerated development and surfaced usability issues early in one K-2 literacy tool project - AI-supported prototyping combined with educator feedback loops accelerated development and surfaced usability issues early in one K-2 literacy tool project
• AI-teacher diagnostic agreement was higher in the Diagnostic Review class and varied by issue type, with local language issues best diagnosed - AI-teacher diagnostic agreement was higher in the Diagnostic Review class and varied by issue type, with local language issues best diagnosed
• AI-text detectors misclassify authentic TOEFL essays by non-native English speakers at a mean false-positive rate of 61.3% across seven detectors, far more often than native-speaker essays - AI-text detectors misclassify authentic TOEFL essays by non-native English speakers at a mean false-positive rate of 61.3% across seven detectors, far more often than native-speaker essays
• AI-TK contributes to AI-TPACK only indirectly through AI-TPK and AI-TCK, which positively predict AI-TPACK - AI-TK contributes to AI-TPACK only indirectly through AI-TPK and AI-TCK, which positively predict AI-TPACK
• AI-TPACK component scores show no significant differences across MTES grades, while self-efficacy and teaching beliefs do differ - AI-TPACK component scores show no significant differences across MTES grades, while self-efficacy and teaching beliefs do differ
• AI-TPACK dimensions are significantly and positively associated with college teachers' professional identity and AI literacy - AI-TPACK dimensions are significantly and positively associated with college teachers' professional identity and AI literacy
• AI-TPACK integration quality differs across behavioral clusters: Optimizers achieve cohesive systemic designs, Creators show pragmatic enhancement, Observers show unstable integration - AI-TPACK integration quality differs across behavioral clusters: Optimizers achieve cohesive systemic designs, Creators show pragmatic enhancement, Observers show unstable integration
• AI-TPACK positively predicts science teaching self-efficacy among Chinese pre-service science teachers - AI-TPACK positively predicts science teaching self-efficacy among Chinese pre-service science teachers
• AI-tutored students spend less time on task than the 60-minute in-class lesson, with no correlation between time and scores - AI-tutored students spend less time on task than the 60-minute in-class lesson, with no correlation between time and scores
• AI/AN students experienced chronic absence rates among the highest of any ethnic group before and after the pandemic - AI/AN students experienced chronic absence rates among the highest of any ethnic group before and after the pandemic
• AI/AN students have comparatively low access to well-prepared teachers: 27 percent were taught mathematics by teachers with a mathematics degree, significantly lower than any comparison group - AI/AN students have comparatively low access to well-prepared teachers: 27 percent were taught mathematics by teachers with a mathematics degree, significantly lower than any comparison group
• AI/AN students perform lower than other student subpopulations on common academic measures, per statistics the report cites from the Education Trust - AI/AN students perform lower than other student subpopulations on common academic measures, per statistics the report cites from the Education Trust
• AI/AN youth dropout rates reach up to 50 percent, and college matriculation and retention rates remain very low compared to White peers - AI/AN youth dropout rates reach up to 50 percent, and college matriculation and retention rates remain very low compared to White peers
• AI/ML fundamentals, agentic development, prompting, and testing are the most commonly documented topics in AI-assisted software engineering courses - AI/ML fundamentals, agentic development, prompting, and testing are the most commonly documented topics in AI-assisted software engineering courses
• AIDA-supported participants spent on average twice as long in the course platform as controls, but the difference in usage time was not statistically significant - AIDA-supported participants spent on average twice as long in the course platform as controls, but the difference in usage time was not statistically significant
• Aided AAC interventions had large effects on targeted behavioral outcomes in individuals with ASD, per a meta-analysis of 24 single-case studies - Aided AAC interventions had large effects on targeted behavioral outcomes in individuals with ASD, per a meta-analysis of 24 single-case studies
• Aided AAC systems show advantages over manual signs for acquiring requests, and motor imitation and matching skills predict manual sign acquisition - Aided AAC systems show advantages over manual signs for acquiring requests, and motor imitation and matching skills predict manual sign acquisition
• Aiding-based transfer differs by trainee experience: first-semester trainees showed no aided-to-unaided transfer on Task One and initial negative then positive transfer on Task Two - Aiding-based transfer differs by trainee experience: first-semester trainees showed no aided-to-unaided transfer on Task One and initial negative then positive transfer on Task Two
• AIEd research is dominated by computer science and STEM disciplines, with minimal educator involvement - AIEd research is dominated by computer science and STEM disciplines, with minimal educator involvement
• AIfred and ChatGPT produce comparable math scores while assistance is available - AIfred and ChatGPT produce comparable math scores while assistance is available
• AIfred is faster for early image-generation modifications but ChatGPT becomes faster at four modifications, with no overall significant time difference - AIfred is faster for early image-generation modifications but ChatGPT becomes faster at four modifications, with no overall significant time difference
• AIfred reduces observed physical-digital context switches by 98% relative to screen-based assistance, while task completion time is longer - AIfred reduces observed physical-digital context switches by 98% relative to screen-based assistance, while task completion time is longer
• AIfred users report higher perceived learning support, innovation, satisfaction, and cognitive demand, with no difference in perceived productivity - AIfred users report higher perceived learning support, innovation, satisfaction, and cognitive demand, with no difference in perceived productivity
• AIGC feedback quality predicts satisfaction but not self-efficacy, and satisfaction does not predict self-regulated learning - AIGC feedback quality predicts satisfaction but not self-efficacy, and satisfaction does not predict self-regulated learning
• AIL is delineated from related literacies: it extends Data, Media and Computational Literacy with human-AI interaction and ethical reasoning about autonomous systems - AIL is delineated from related literacies: it extends Data, Media and Computational Literacy with human-AI interaction and ethical reasoning about autonomous systems
• Air Reading tutoring significantly improved NWEA MAP reading scores in a randomized study of grade 1-6 students (effect size +0.12) - Air Reading tutoring significantly improved NWEA MAP reading scores in a randomized study of grade 1-6 students (effect size +0.12)
• AIxSpeed phoneme-level adaptive playback yields higher listenability ratings than constant-speed playback at matched average speed - AIxSpeed phoneme-level adaptive playback yields higher listenability ratings than constant-speed playback at matched average speed
• Alabama and New Jersey require and fund salary parity for non-LEA preschool teachers with LEA peers; New York City teachers achieved parity through unionizing - Alabama and New Jersey require and fund salary parity for non-LEA preschool teachers with LEA peers; New York City teachers achieved parity through unionizing
• Alabama's cybersecurity labor market shows sustained demand, with about 18,778 professionals employed and 8,373 new job openings posted in 2024 - Alabama's cybersecurity labor market shows sustained demand, with about 18,778 professionals employed and 8,373 new job openings posted in 2024
• ALAS effects on progressing in school and completing school fade or are non-significant after the intervention - ALAS effects on progressing in school and completing school fade or are non-significant after the intervention
• ALAS effects on staying in school are not statistically significant two years after the intervention ends - ALAS effects on staying in school are not statistically significant two years after the intervention ends
• ALAS increases the likelihood that high-risk students remain enrolled in school at the end of the intervention - ALAS increases the likelihood that high-risk students remain enrolled in school at the end of the intervention
• ALAS increases the likelihood that high-risk students stay on track to graduate on time at the end of the intervention - ALAS increases the likelihood that high-risk students stay on track to graduate on time at the end of the intervention
• Alder nearly doubled the proportion of enrolled residents from historically underrepresented groups, from 45% in 2010–11 to 83% in 2022–23 - Alder nearly doubled the proportion of enrolled residents from historically underrepresented groups, from 45% in 2010–11 to 83% in 2022–23
• Alder operates a continuous improvement cycle using multiple data sources documented in an Annual Data Cycle Calendar and public Annual Program Assessment Report - Alder operates a continuous improvement cycle using multiple data sources documented in an Annual Data Cycle Calendar and public Annual Program Assessment Report
• Alder residency graduates show higher 3-year same-LEA retention than teachers prepared through other pathways in the same LEAs - Alder residency graduates show higher 3-year same-LEA retention than teachers prepared through other pathways in the same LEAs
• Alder's financial model combines grants, tuition, and LEA contributions, targeting 70–80% tuition funding by 2026–27 while keeping tuition low - Alder's financial model combines grants, tuition, and LEA contributions, targeting 70–80% tuition funding by 2026–27 while keeping tuition low
• Algebra ability level differences appear on both criteria with no treatment-by-ability interaction - Algebra ability level differences appear on both criteria with no treatment-by-ability interaction
• Algebra access gaps are tied to school poverty levels, geography, and race/ethnicity - Algebra access gaps are tied to school poverty levels, geography, and race/ethnicity
• Algebra failure rates rose post-policy for above-norm students (~3 percentage points) but fell for below-norm students (~4 points); classroom environment and peer ability explained most of the above-norm rise but not the below-norm fall - Algebra failure rates rose post-policy for above-norm students (~3 percentage points) but fell for below-norm students (~4 points); classroom environment and peer ability explained most of the above-n
• Algebra/geometry sequence passing rose from 36.5 to 49.7 percent, with changes in incoming students accounting for only 17.8 percent of the improvement - Algebra/geometry sequence passing rose from 36.5 to 49.7 percent, with changes in incoming students accounting for only 17.8 percent of the improvement
• Algerian university teachers of English lack sufficient knowledge of cognitive load theory - Algerian university teachers of English lack sufficient knowledge of cognitive load theory
• AlgoRAG answered all 179 TCS exam-style questions successfully with a mean response time of 38.0 seconds and a pedagogical quality score of 0.7620 - AlgoRAG answered all 179 TCS exam-style questions successfully with a mean response time of 38.0 seconds and a pedagogical quality score of 0.7620
• Algorithm aversion persists even among participants who saw the algorithm outperform the human forecaster - Algorithm aversion persists even among participants who saw the algorithm outperform the human forecaster
• Algorithmic and technical-mechanism concepts are marginal in students' AI networks: machine learning was produced by a single participant across 436 respondents - Algorithmic and technical-mechanism concepts are marginal in students' AI networks: machine learning was produced by a single participant across 436 respondents
• Algorithmic bias and data privacy are central ethical risks of AI in adult education - Algorithmic bias and data privacy are central ethical risks of AI in adult education
• Algorithmic curation on Twitter may amplify optimistic, technically sophisticated AI-in-education narratives while underrepresenting practical implementation concerns and non-technical stakeholders - Algorithmic curation on Twitter may amplify optimistic, technically sophisticated AI-in-education narratives while underrepresenting practical implementation concerns and non-technical stakeholders
• Algorithmic empathy is culturally fragile: emotional inference errors in socio-emotional AI can invalidate teachers' experiences, so systems require local validation and participatory design - Algorithmic empathy is culturally fragile: emotional inference errors in socio-emotional AI can invalidate teachers' experiences, so systems require local validation and participatory design
• Algorithmically inferred measurement functions may intensify, rather than resolve, the problem of nomic measurement in analyzing student learning - Algorithmically inferred measurement functions may intensify, rather than resolve, the problem of nomic measurement in analyzing student learning
• Algorithms developed over time through changes in youth-material collaborations, defining learning as physical expansion of algorithmic production - Algorithms developed over time through changes in youth-material collaborations, defining learning as physical expansion of algorithmic production
• Alignment between recording angle and expected task angle strongly improves task performance, supporting the Expectation Alignment Hypothesis - Alignment between recording angle and expected task angle strongly improves task performance, supporting the Expectation Alignment Hypothesis
• Alignment, rewards, and setting do not discriminate between peer assessment design classes, because a single practice typically dominates each - Alignment, rewards, and setting do not discriminate between peer assessment design classes, because a single practice typically dominates each
• All 12 proposed SSI Youth Solutions interventions explicitly or implicitly aim to increase employment among youth with disabilities as a long-term outcome - All 12 proposed SSI Youth Solutions interventions explicitly or implicitly aim to increase employment among youth with disabilities as a long-term outcome
• All 13 special-issue studies failed to show overall better performance due to disfluency - All 13 special-issue studies failed to show overall better performance due to disfluency
• All 18 evaluated LLMs score macro F1 below 0.5 in diagnosing students' cognitive skills from handwritten math work - All 18 evaluated LLMs score macro F1 below 0.5 in diagnosing students' cognitive skills from handwritten math work
• All 35 reviewed studies used models or modeling, and curriculum without PD support yielded worse outcomes than older curriculum with none - All 35 reviewed studies used models or modeling, and curriculum without PD support yielded worse outcomes than older curriculum with none
• All 48 reviewed spacing studies obtained the spacing effect using rest-from-deliberate-learning periods - All 48 reviewed spacing studies obtained the spacing effect using rest-from-deliberate-learning periods
• All 67 reviewed interleaving studies demonstrated the interleaving effect using very similar interleaved concepts - All 67 reviewed interleaving studies demonstrated the interleaving effect using very similar interleaved concepts
• All AI-generated outputs in the project underwent mandatory human-in-the-loop review, positioning AI as augmentative rather than substitutive - All AI-generated outputs in the project underwent mandatory human-in-the-loop review, positioning AI as augmentative rather than substitutive
• All automated models, including GradeOpt, were most challenged by knowledge of teaching mathematics items (GradeOpt κ = .59) and least challenged by knowledge of students' mathematical thinking (κ = .79) - All automated models, including GradeOpt, were most challenged by knowledge of teaching mathematics items (GradeOpt κ = .59) and least challenged by knowledge of students' mathematical thinking (κ = .
• All children in the study showed adequate metacognitive processes before and during test taking - All children in the study showed adequate metacognitive processes before and during test taking
• All children retold MAIN episode one with the most complexity and episode two with the least, regardless of age or language group - All children retold MAIN episode one with the most complexity and episode two with the least, regardless of age or language group
• All diagnostic groups of referred youth, including those without full diagnoses, show processing speed below the population norm - All diagnostic groups of referred youth, including those without full diagnoses, show processing speed below the population norm
• All dimensions of perceived learning outcomes differ significantly across major categories, with Education, Food/Pharmaceuticals and Transportation students scoring higher than Civil Engineering, Biology/Chemical and Electronics students - All dimensions of perceived learning outcomes differ significantly across major categories, with Education, Food/Pharmaceuticals and Transportation students scoring higher than Civil Engineering, Biol
• All discussion-board contributors sent significantly more text per person than all danmaku contributors in every shared category - All discussion-board contributors sent significantly more text per person than all danmaku contributors in every shared category
• All English Learners, including former English Learners, were more likely to enroll in two-year colleges than the district average - All English Learners, including former English Learners, were more likely to enroll in two-year colleges than the district average
• All ESA statutes list allowable uses of funds, but only 3 of 15 detail prohibited uses, and nearly all call for audits - All ESA statutes list allowable uses of funds, but only 3 of 15 detail prohibited uses, and nearly all call for audits
• All evaluated models struggle with spatial reasoning and precise visual replication on Turtle Graphics tasks - All evaluated models struggle with spatial reasoning and precise visual replication on Turtle Graphics tasks
• All experimental group EFL students expressed positive perspectives on explicit instruction of reading comprehension strategies - All experimental group EFL students expressed positive perspectives on explicit instruction of reading comprehension strategies
• All families in the dataset successfully used the GPS wayfinding map for actional immersion, including a 5-year-old who took over wayfinding while his mother cared for a younger sibling. - All families in the dataset successfully used the GPS wayfinding map for actional immersion, including a 5-year-old who took over wayfinding while his mother cared for a younger sibling.
• All families took photographs at each microsite as evidence of their observation, with only one family personalizing photos by including children. - All families took photographs at each microsite as evidence of their observation, with only one family personalizing photos by including children.
• All five cognitive-linguistic skills (RAN, OA, PA, MA, vocabulary) significantly and independently predict Chinese word reading, with MA and vocabulary showing the largest effects - All five cognitive-linguistic skills (RAN, OA, PA, MA, vocabulary) significantly and independently predict Chinese word reading, with MA and vocabulary showing the largest effects
• All five of the guide's data-use recommendations are supported by low levels of evidence - All five of the guide's data-use recommendations are supported by low levels of evidence
• All five studies of Fast ForWord in the general literacy achievement domain showed indeterminate effects - All five studies of Fast ForWord in the general literacy achievement domain showed indeterminate effects
• All four A3C interaction types can contribute individually to learning and may exist in parallel during mass collaboration - All four A3C interaction types can contribute individually to learning and may exist in parallel during mass collaboration
• All four detection tools classified 100% of fully human-written papers as true negatives, with false positives nearly absent - All four detection tools classified 100% of fully human-written papers as true negatives, with false positives nearly absent
• All four evaluated LLMs produce strongly bimodal item-level score distributions on bash exams, and rubric-enhanced prompts amplify the near-perfect-score peak - All four evaluated LLMs produce strongly bimodal item-level score distributions on bash exams, and rubric-enhanced prompts amplify the near-perfect-score peak
• All four groups showed a tendency toward knowledge sharing, presenting information without interpretation or evaluation - All four groups showed a tendency toward knowledge sharing, presenting information without interpretation or evaluation
• All four LLMs award a smaller share of available marks as bash question cognitive complexity increases, with L4 questions receiving the lowest proportions - All four LLMs award a smaller share of available marks as bash question cognitive complexity increases, with L4 questions receiving the lowest proportions
• All four meta-analysable STAR studies report positive, statistically significant effects of small classes, but average effects are small - All four meta-analysable STAR studies report positive, statistically significant effects of small classes, but average effects are small
• All four original multimedia experiments showed a main effect favoring the dynamic visualization, especially for transfer tasks - All four original multimedia experiments showed a main effect favoring the dynamic visualization, especially for transfer tasks
• All four participants used all four self perspectives, with rapid shifts among them during HPT - All four participants used all four self perspectives, with rapid shifts among them during HPT
• All four students achieved above the performance levels teachers expected on the Goal Attainment Scale, exceeding their personal goals by 10% to 20% - All four students achieved above the performance levels teachers expected on the Goal Attainment Scale, exceeding their personal goals by 10% to 20%
• All four written CF types, including metalinguistic code CF, outperformed the control group on the delayed posttest of explicit L2 knowledge two weeks later. - All four written CF types, including metalinguistic code CF, outperformed the control group on the delayed posttest of explicit L2 knowledge two weeks later.
• All four written CF types, including metalinguistic code CF, outperformed the control group on the delayed posttest of implicit L2 knowledge. - All four written CF types, including metalinguistic code CF, outperformed the control group on the delayed posttest of implicit L2 knowledge.
• All included studies were coded high risk for selection bias and nearly half high risk for information bias - All included studies were coded high risk for selection bias and nearly half high risk for information bias
• All included studies were rated as having some concerns regarding overall risk of bias, primarily due to absence of preregistered analysis plans - All included studies were rated as having some concerns regarding overall risk of bias, primarily due to absence of preregistered analysis plans
• All interviewed facilitators preferred video-assisted debriefing over verbal debriefing because video allowed precise, objective feedback whose credibility was not restricted by facilitator hierarchy - All interviewed facilitators preferred video-assisted debriefing over verbal debriefing because video allowed precise, objective feedback whose credibility was not restricted by facilitator hierarchy
• All learning transitions in participants' stories were intersectional, dynamic, and nonlinear - All learning transitions in participants' stories were intersectional, dynamic, and nonlinear
• All meaning negotiation strategies appear in child EFL peer interaction except comprehension checks, which are absent - All meaning negotiation strategies appear in child EFL peer interaction except comprehension checks, which are absent
• All measured graduate attribute scores correlate positively with one another, with the Resourcefulness Scale correlating most weakly - All measured graduate attribute scores correlate positively with one another, with the Resourcefulness Scale correlating most weakly
• All metacognitive strategy factors and critical thinking subfactors were significantly and positively correlated with each other and with academic writing - All metacognitive strategy factors and critical thinking subfactors were significantly and positively correlated with each other and with academic writing
• All middle and high schools in the Berea College Promise Neighborhood are persistently low-achieving - All middle and high schools in the Berea College Promise Neighborhood are persistently low-achieving
• All models predict performance worst for students of intermediate overall ability, with best performance for high and low performing students - All models predict performance worst for students of intermediate overall ability, with best performance for high and low performing students
• All narrative microstructure measures increase with age group, but only lexical diversity (NDW) differs between Japanese–English bilingual and English monolingual children - All narrative microstructure measures increase with age group, but only lexical diversity (NDW) differs between Japanese–English bilingual and English monolingual children