Claims: T 10

A 1 · A 2 · A 3 · A 4 · A 5 · A 6 · A 7 · A 8 · B 1 · B 2 · C 1 · C 2 · C 3 · C 4 · C 5 · C 6 · D 1 · D 2 · D 3 · E 1 · E 2 · E 3 · E 4 · F 1 · F 2 · F 3 · G 1 · G 2 · H 1 · H 2 · I 1 · I 2 · I 3 · I 4 · I 5 · J · K · L 1 · L 2 · L 3 · M 1 · M 2 · M 3 · M 4 · N 1 · N 2 · O 1 · O 2 · P 1 · P 2 · P 3 · P 4 · P 5 · Q · R 1 · R 2 · R 3 · S 1 · S 2 · S 3 · S 4 · S 5 · S 6 · S 7 · S 8 · T 1 · T 2 · T 3 · T 4 · T 5 · T 6 · T 7 · T 8 · T 9 · T 10 · U · V · W 1 · W 2 · X · Y · Z · 0-9

Training in a single setting (home only or center/school only) yields larger comprehension-related effects than training in both contexts or no training - Training in a single setting (home only or center/school only) yields larger comprehension-related effects than training in both contexts or no training
Training in cancellation of 3 and 5 produced neither transfer nor interference on cancellation of groups containing 4 and 7 - Training in cancellation of 3 and 5 produced neither transfer nor interference on cancellation of groups containing 4 and 7
Training in collaboration strategies increases the frequency with which student dyads draw inferences during subsequent unscaffolded collaborative problem solving - Training in collaboration strategies increases the frequency with which student dyads draw inferences during subsequent unscaffolded collaborative problem solving
Training in metacognitive regulation combined with a cognitive learning strategy transfers to better metacognitive regulation of mental effort (far transfer), with small effect sizes - Training in metacognitive regulation combined with a cognitive learning strategy transfers to better metacognitive regulation of mental effort (far transfer), with small effect sizes
Training in text structure improves college students' summaries, but summarizing has not been shown here to improve recall or writing more than rereading or other active reading
Training learners with an effort-and-performance algorithm via video modeling improved monitoring accuracy, task selection accuracy, and learning outcomes - Training learners with an effort-and-performance algorithm via video modeling improved monitoring accuracy, task selection accuracy, and learning outcomes
Training metacognitive self-regulation (self-testing plus selective restudy) produced greater paired-associate learning improvements in older adults than traditional encoding-strategy training when study was self-paced - Training metacognitive self-regulation (self-testing plus selective restudy) produced greater paired-associate learning improvements in older adults than traditional encoding-strategy training when st
Training more than three sessions per week neutralizes CCT efficacy, while one or 2–3 sessions per week are effective - Training more than three sessions per week neutralizes CCT efficacy, while one or 2–3 sessions per week are effective
Training on AI interaction strategies does not further improve AI-assisted learning design quality - Training on AI interaction strategies does not further improve AI-assisted learning design quality
Training on AI interaction strategies slightly increases cognitive load during AI-assisted design - Training on AI interaction strategies slightly increases cognitive load during AI-assisted design
Training on the deep structure of problems increases 4th and 5th graders' use of the shorter 1-step algorithm on unordered-entity problems - Training on the deep structure of problems increases 4th and 5th graders' use of the shorter 1-step algorithm on unordered-entity problems
Training outcomes extend from individual clinical care to teaching, quality improvement, and specialty development roles - Training outcomes extend from individual clinical care to teaching, quality improvement, and specialty development roles
Training providers and instructors faced logistical challenges moving in-person apprenticeship training online but adapted quickly - Training providers and instructors faced logistical challenges moving in-person apprenticeship training online but adapted quickly
Training restructuring strategies fosters grade-2 students' flexibility in dealing with additive situations relative to a control group, with stronger growth at follow-up - Training restructuring strategies fosters grade-2 students' flexibility in dealing with additive situations relative to a control group, with stronger growth at follow-up
Training restructuring strategies improves grade-2 students' word problem solving skills at four-week follow-up relative to a control group - Training restructuring strategies improves grade-2 students' word problem solving skills at four-week follow-up relative to a control group
Training seventh graders to elaborate produced better long-term recall than questions stimulating elaboration, and the training transferred to new passages - Training seventh graders to elaborate produced better long-term recall than questions stimulating elaboration, and the training transferred to new passages
Training shows small trends toward better conflict detection on bat-and-ball and base-rate tasks but the opposite trend on the conjunction fallacy task - Training shows small trends toward better conflict detection on bat-and-ball and base-rate tasks but the opposite trend on the conjunction fallacy task
Training SRAE facilitators significantly increased their self-reported knowledge of self-regulation - Training SRAE facilitators significantly increased their self-reported knowledge of self-regulation
Training students to select tasks using a combination of self-assessed performance and invested mental effort improves self-assessment, task selection, and posttest performance, but one follow-up study found no transfer to a new problem domain - Training students to select tasks using a combination of self-assessed performance and invested mental effort improves self-assessment, task selection, and posttest performance, but one follow-up stud
Training transfer among neurosurgical specialty nurses is an adaptive reconstruction process, not linear replication of training content - Training transfer among neurosurgical specialty nurses is an adaptive reconstruction process, not linear replication of training content
Training with longer-duration anagrams improved AS JOS discrimination in blocks 1–3 but not S JOS discrimination - Training with longer-duration anagrams improved AS JOS discrimination in blocks 1–3 but not S JOS discrimination
Training-data contamination motivates newly designed cases: models can reproduce popular tabular records that frequently appear in public notebooks - Training-data contamination motivates newly designed cases: models can reproduce popular tabular records that frequently appear in public notebooks
Training-induced increases in midline frontal theta power correlate with preserved multitasking gains at 6 months and with sustained attention improvement - Training-induced increases in midline frontal theta power correlate with preserved multitasking gains at 6 months and with sustained attention improvement
Trait depression, anxiety, and negative emotionality correlate with baseline emotion parameters but not with temporal dynamics (Study 1) - Trait depression, anxiety, and negative emotionality correlate with baseline emotion parameters but not with temporal dynamics (Study 1)
Trait emotional intelligence showed no significant association with university GPA, despite correlating with engagement, SRL strategies and self-efficacy - Trait emotional intelligence showed no significant association with university GPA, despite correlating with engagement, SRL strategies and self-efficacy
Trait goal orientation is expected to moderate error-framing effects, with framing most powerful for trainees low in the corresponding trait orientation - Trait goal orientation is expected to moderate error-framing effects, with framing most powerful for trainees low in the corresponding trait orientation
Trait metacognitive awareness positively predicts perceived group performance while perceived task difficulty negatively predicts it - Trait metacognitive awareness positively predicts perceived group performance while perceived task difficulty negatively predicts it
Trait mind wandering predicts verbal creativity over fluid intelligence, reading difficulties, and declarative knowledge of metacognitive strategies in tertiary-level students - Trait mind wandering predicts verbal creativity over fluid intelligence, reading difficulties, and declarative knowledge of metacognitive strategies in tertiary-level students
Trait resilience had a promotive role in academic performance for immigrant and non-immigrant students alike, and an additional protective effect mitigating the negative effect of school discrimination specifically among first- and second-generation immigrant students (reported by the editors, citing Huang et al.) - Trait resilience had a promotive role in academic performance for immigrant and non-immigrant students alike, and an additional protective effect mitigating the negative effect of school discriminatio
Trait self-control and conscientiousness overlap substantially, and conscientiousness slightly outperforms self-control for grades - Trait self-control and conscientiousness overlap substantially, and conscientiousness slightly outperforms self-control for grades
Trait self-control correlates with grades but not with standardized test scores at the bivariate level - Trait self-control correlates with grades but not with standardized test scores at the bivariate level
Trait self-control is significantly associated with major GPA beyond fluid reasoning and conscientiousness in vocational trainees - Trait self-control is significantly associated with major GPA beyond fluid reasoning and conscientiousness in vocational trainees
Trait test anxiety predicts performance-based goals, and in a path model state anxiety and worry, but not emotionality, link performance-avoidance goals to lower exam performance - Trait test anxiety predicts performance-based goals, and in a path model state anxiety and worry, but not emotionality, link performance-avoidance goals to lower exam performance
Trait-level constructs such as novelty seeking, need for cognition, and vocational interests can be modeled as generalized reward values of knowledge formed through reward-learning generalization - Trait-level constructs such as novelty seeking, need for cognition, and vocational interests can be modeled as generalized reward values of knowledge formed through reward-learning generalization
Trait-score trajectories over time are inconclusive as learning-curve evidence: one StudyChat trait increases while SWE-Chat traits stay flat - Trait-score trajectories over time are inconclusive as learning-curve evidence: one StudyChat trait increases while SWE-Chat traits stay flat
Trajectories differed in transition structure: free-rider students migrated from social mediator and leader roles into the peripheral explorer role, and rarely returned to leadership directly. - Trajectories differed in transition structure: free-rider students migrated from social mediator and leader roles into the peripheral explorer role, and rarely returned to leadership directly.
Trajectory patterns of teacher-student warmth and conflict differ between boys and girls, with a high-stable conflict class found only for boys - Trajectory patterns of teacher-student warmth and conflict differ between boys and girls, with a high-stable conflict class found only for boys
Transcendental meditation programmes showed a higher percentage of significant well-being effects than mindfulness-based and other meditation types, possibly due to settings and delivery - Transcendental meditation programmes showed a higher percentage of significant well-being effects than mindfulness-based and other meditation types, possibly due to settings and delivery
Transcribed versus organised note-taking effects depend on lecture format: transcription won with audio lectures, summarising won with text - Transcribed versus organised note-taking effects depend on lecture format: transcription won with audio lectures, summarising won with text
Transcript grades are a blurred currency of performance information, partly due to grade inflation driven by student pressure - Transcript grades are a blurred currency of performance information, partly due to grade inflation driven by student pressure
Transcription skills are not longitudinally predictive of syntactic complexity in the upper elementary grades, consistent with their declining influence as handwriting and spelling automatize - Transcription skills are not longitudinally predictive of syntactic complexity in the upper elementary grades, consistent with their declining influence as handwriting and spelling automatize
Transfer across response formats is incomplete: practicing terms benefited definition recall, but practicing definitions showed no overt-over-covert advantage on a term test - Transfer across response formats is incomplete: practicing terms benefited definition recall, but practicing definitions showed no overt-over-covert advantage on a term test
Transfer between two specific datasets is asymmetric: Sangodiah-trained models transfer unusually well to Gani questions - Transfer between two specific datasets is asymmetric: Sangodiah-trained models transfer unusually well to Gani questions
Transfer during the transition can be experienced in three ways, and the need for learning at work is stressed - Transfer during the transition can be experienced in three ways, and the need for learning at work is stressed
Transfer from computer-based working-memory and reasoning training in children is narrow: gains stay within the trained domain - Transfer from computer-based working-memory and reasoning training in children is narrow: gains stay within the trained domain
Transfer learning improves prediction of item difficulty when response time is used as an auxiliary task, but not the other way around - Transfer learning improves prediction of item difficulty when response time is used as an auxiliary task, but not the other way around
Transfer of a permutation algorithm succeeds for objects-assigned-to-people problems but fails for people-assigned-to-objects problems - Transfer of a permutation algorithm succeeds for objects-assigned-to-people problems but fails for people-assigned-to-objects problems
Transfer of advanced competencies is limited by institutional case exposure, technical platforms, and multidisciplinary maturity rather than training deficiencies - Transfer of advanced competencies is limited by institutional case exposure, technical platforms, and multidisciplinary maturity rather than training deficiencies
Transfer of test-enhanced learning is greatest across test formats, to application and inference questions, to medical diagnosis problems, and to mediator and related word cues - Transfer of test-enhanced learning is greatest across test formats, to application and inference questions, to medical diagnosis problems, and to mediator and related word cues
Transfer of test-enhanced learning is weakest to rearranged stimulus-response items, to untested materials seen during initial study, and to problems involving worked examples - Transfer of test-enhanced learning is weakest to rearranged stimulus-response items, to untested materials seen during initial study, and to problems involving worked examples
Transfer score was significantly predicted by the count of moment-by-moment learning curve forms, with separated multiple spikes negatively impacting transfer. - Transfer score was significantly predicted by the count of moment-by-moment learning curve forms, with separated multiple spikes negatively impacting transfer.
Transfer task performance is the critical measure of what adaptive training accomplishes - Transfer task performance is the critical measure of what adaptive training accomplishes
Transfer to untrained words occurs for spelling but not for reading outcomes - Transfer to untrained words occurs for spelling but not for reading outcomes
Transfer-outcome format can favor symbolic controls over manipulative conditions (transfer-appropriate processing), potentially explaining inconsistent transfer findings - Transfer-outcome format can favor symbolic controls over manipulative conditions (transfer-appropriate processing), potentially explaining inconsistent transfer findings
Transformacja obiektu w ekspansywnym uczeniu się przebiega przez punkty zwrotne dyskursywne i rozwija się na dwóch poziomach - Transformacja obiektu w ekspansywnym uczeniu się przebiega przez punkty zwrotne dyskursywne i rozwija się na dwóch poziomach
Transformational leadership's protective effect against harassment operates among women but not men, while its self-efficacy effect operates among men but not women (exploratory) - Transformational leadership's protective effect against harassment operates among women but not men, while its self-efficacy effect operates among men but not women (exploratory)
Transformative feedback attenuated the positive association between joy and regulatory behavior, and adaptive feedback moderation was otherwise limited, not supporting H2 - Transformative feedback attenuated the positive association between joy and regulatory behavior, and adaptive feedback moderation was otherwise limited, not supporting H2
Transformer-based NLP models achieve automated essay scoring with correlations to human grading exceeding 0.85 - Transformer-based NLP models achieve automated essay scoring with correlations to human grading exceeding 0.85
Transgender students across all race/ethnicity groups report suicide ideation at 45–57%, versus no more than 20% of non-transgender students - Transgender students across all race/ethnicity groups report suicide ideation at 45–57%, versus no more than 20% of non-transgender students
Transgender students are more than twice as likely as non-transgender peers to report bullying, harassment, and fear of physical violence - Transgender students are more than twice as likely as non-transgender peers to report bullying, harassment, and fear of physical violence
Transgender students in every race/ethnicity group report harassment at least twice the rate of non-transgender peers (60%+ vs. 32% or less) - Transgender students in every race/ethnicity group report harassment at least twice the rate of non-transgender peers (60%+ vs.
Transgender students report substantially fewer school supports than non-transgender peers, especially caring adult relationships and high expectations - Transgender students report substantially fewer school supports than non-transgender peers, especially caring adult relationships and high expectations
Transgender, gay/lesbian, bisexual, and 'something else' students report significantly poorer outcomes than non-transgender and straight peers on all 14 measures - Transgender, gay/lesbian, bisexual, and 'something else' students report significantly poorer outcomes than non-transgender and straight peers on all 14 measures
Transient information effect: lengthy spoken text can reverse the modality effect, while shorter spoken text restores the conventional modality advantage - Transient information effect: lengthy spoken text can reverse the modality effect, while shorter spoken text restores the conventional modality advantage
Transient information in animations poses a serious challenge to learning, except for animations of human movement procedures - Transient information in animations poses a serious challenge to learning, except for animations of human movement procedures
Transition Leaders play a central role in coordinating collaboration between schools and stakeholders, but their effectiveness depends on sufficient flexibility and resources - Transition Leaders play a central role in coordinating collaboration between schools and stakeholders, but their effectiveness depends on sufficient flexibility and resources
Transition network analysis shows the chatbot's prompts and explanations structured the interaction while participants generated their own interpretations - Transition network analysis shows the chatbot's prompts and explanations structured the interaction while participants generated their own interpretations
Transitional kindergarten enrollment in California doubled from about 75,465 in 2021–22 to 151,491 in 2023–24 as eligibility expanded toward all 4-year-olds - Transitional kindergarten enrollment in California doubled from about 75,465 in 2021–22 to 151,491 in 2023–24 as eligibility expanded toward all 4-year-olds
Transitioning to secondary school alongside primary school peers helped children settle, while transitioning without peers could lead to difficult transitions - Transitioning to secondary school alongside primary school peers helped children settle, while transitioning without peers could lead to difficult transitions
Transitions and disturbances were crucial for the dynamics of expansive learning in the meeting - Transitions and disturbances were crucial for the dynamics of expansive learning in the meeting
Transitivity predicts the initiation of new potential collaborations at scientific events - Transitivity predicts the initiation of new potential collaborations at scientific events
Transitivity, reciprocity and contact duration are relevant for researchers' identification of new potential collaboration partners at face-to-face events, as the editorial reports of Eberle et al. - Transitivity, reciprocity and contact duration are relevant for researchers' identification of new potential collaboration partners at face-to-face events, as the editorial reports of Eberle et al.
Transitory sleep problems (DIMS at age 7–9 only) do not increase the risk of later poor academic performance - Transitory sleep problems (DIMS at age 7–9 only) do not increase the risk of later poor academic performance
Translanguaging practices briefly afforded multilingual participation, but this positioning did not endure across the unit - Translanguaging practices briefly afforded multilingual participation, but this positioning did not endure across the unit
Translating test scores into months of learning has major downsides despite its perceived accessibility - Translating test scores into months of learning has major downsides despite its perceived accessibility
Translation accuracy rises with proficiency but varies substantially across individual constructions - Translation accuracy rises with proficiency but varies substantially across individual constructions
Translation features in mobile apps enabled direct communication between educators and parents who speak languages other than English - Translation features in mobile apps enabled direct communication between educators and parents who speak languages other than English
Translation students perceive GenAI tools as improving translation efficiency and translated-text quality - Translation students perceive GenAI tools as improving translation efficiency and translated-text quality
Transparency features are shown but seldom consulted: cited sources in AI summaries were clicked in only 1% of visits - Transparency features are shown but seldom consulted: cited sources in AI summaries were clicked in only 1% of visits
TRAT scores correlate only very low-to-low with lecture assessment scores, with significance limited to a few topics - TRAT scores correlate only very low-to-low with lecture assessment scores, with significance limited to a few topics
Trauma exposure is widespread among school students and is associated with adverse cognitive, academic, behavioral, and socioemotional outcomes - Trauma exposure is widespread among school students and is associated with adverse cognitive, academic, behavioral, and socioemotional outcomes
Trauma-engaged practices performable by individual educators were implemented more than practices requiring school- or district-level coordination - Trauma-engaged practices performable by individual educators were implemented more than practices requiring school- or district-level coordination
Trauma-informed practices such as safe environments and positive relationships can mitigate the effects of trauma and promote resilience - Trauma-informed practices such as safe environments and positive relationships can mitigate the effects of trauma and promote resilience
Travis, examining 128 University of Pennsylvania students, concluded the Binet prose-passage reproduction tests have no value for group application and should be eliminated for ages fifteen and over unless given under standard Binet conditions. - Travis, examining 128 University of Pennsylvania students, concluded the Binet prose-passage reproduction tests have no value for group application and should be eliminated for ages fifteen and over u
TRC-Spanish is the assessment least correlated with the others, though strongly correlated with TRC-English - TRC-Spanish is the assessment least correlated with the others, though strongly correlated with TRC-English
Treatment and control groups showed few differences in job characteristics, work search activities, and perceived barriers to employment - Treatment and control groups showed few differences in job characteristics, work search activities, and perceived barriers to employment
Treatment classrooms used technology far more intensively than control classrooms, whose technology use remained supplemental - Treatment classrooms used technology far more intensively than control classrooms, whose technology use remained supplemental
Treatment effect interacts with exam sub-section, with oral comprehension showing the largest LWPA advantage - Treatment effect interacts with exam sub-section, with oral comprehension showing the largest LWPA advantage
Treatment effects on word recognition differed by native status: the curriculum was more effective for native than non-native adults, though subgroup impacts were not individually significant - Treatment effects on word recognition differed by native status: the curriculum was more effective for native than non-native adults, though subgroup impacts were not individually significant
Treatment effects were not moderated by emergent bilingual status, pretest levels, or tutoring attendance - Treatment effects were not moderated by emergent bilingual status, pretest levels, or tutoring attendance
Treatment students substantively engaged with RM-CC5 across the school year and all treatment schools met the program's implementation intensity benchmarks, though engagement varied widely between schools and students - Treatment students substantively engaged with RM-CC5 across the school year and all treatment schools met the program's implementation intensity benchmarks, though engagement varied widely between sch
Treatment teachers reported providing more incidental exposure to target vocabulary than control teachers (ES = .54) - Treatment teachers reported providing more incidental exposure to target vocabulary than control teachers (ES = .54)
Treatment version significantly affects student attitudes, with the lean program most negative and no-practice next - Treatment version significantly affects student attitudes, with the lean program most negative and no-practice next
Treatment x verbal ability interaction replicated only after excluding the high-variance middle ability group (Experiment 2) - Treatment x verbal ability interaction replicated only after excluding the high-variance middle ability group (Experiment 2)
Treatment-by-test-type interactions in Knowledge scores significantly favor the generation condition's improvement from pre-test to post-tests - Treatment-by-test-type interactions in Knowledge scores significantly favor the generation condition's improvement from pre-test to post-tests
Treatment-group students increased significantly more than Delayed Treatment students on math-in-science-context tasks from pretest to midtest and pretest to posttest - Treatment-group students increased significantly more than Delayed Treatment students on math-in-science-context tasks from pretest to midtest and pretest to posttest
TRGP residents were prepared in 31 of 1,019 districts across 21 of 58 counties, concentrated in central and southern California while many rural high-need counties did not participate - TRGP residents were prepared in 31 of 1,019 districts across 21 of 58 counties, concentrated in central and southern California while many rural high-need counties did not participate
TRGP-funded resident enrollment in California grew from 297 residents in 2019-20 to 428 in 2022-23, totaling 1,362 residents across 48 funded partnerships over 4 years - TRGP-funded resident enrollment in California grew from 297 residents in 2019-20 to 428 in 2022-23, totaling 1,362 residents across 48 funded partnerships over 4 years
TRGP-funded residents made up between 20 and 40 percent of all California residents between 2020-21 and 2022-23, and about 11 percent of teacher preparation completers self-identified as residency-prepared in 2022-23 - TRGP-funded residents made up between 20 and 40 percent of all California residents between 2020-21 and 2022-23, and about 11 percent of teacher preparation completers self-identified as residency-pre
TRGP-funded residents represent a small fraction of California's teacher supply: 428 residents enrolled in 2022-23 against 14,298 substandard credentials issued - TRGP-funded residents represent a small fraction of California's teacher supply: 428 residents enrolled in 2022-23 against 14,298 substandard credentials issued
Triads with access to each other's concept maps were more efficient in collaborative problem solving - Triads with access to each other's concept maps were more efficient in collaborative problem solving
Trial-independent EEG familiarity classification remains statistically significantly above chance for the 4-class, equations-only, and faces-only tasks under Bonferroni-corrected permutation tests - Trial-independent EEG familiarity classification remains statistically significantly above chance for the 4-class, equations-only, and faces-only tasks under Bonferroni-corrected permutation tests
Trial-level perceived usefulness of feedback is associated with the magnitude of plan quality improvement - Trial-level perceived usefulness of feedback is associated with the magnitude of plan quality improvement
Trial-level spectral features robustly differentiate stimulus domains (faces vs. equations) but no familiarity-driven spectral shift survives FDR correction - Trial-level spectral features robustly differentiate stimulus domains (faces vs.
Triangulation showed Mathematics Applying and Science Applying share fewer codes and weaker links than other domain pairs, which differ in procedural versus empirical emphasis - Triangulation showed Mathematics Applying and Science Applying share fewer codes and weaker links than other domain pairs, which differ in procedural versus empirical emphasis
TRP participants could accept a stipend in exchange for committing to teach in the same district for at least three years - TRP participants could accept a stipend in exchange for committing to teach in the same district for at least three years
TRP teachers who changed schools within their district tended to move to schools with similar low-income shares, a lower percentage of black students, and higher achievement - TRP teachers who changed schools within their district tended to move to schools with similar low-income shares, a lower percentage of black students, and higher achievement
Truancy rates increased in Philadelphia following the discipline policy reform - Truancy rates increased in Philadelphia following the discipline policy reform
True attrition in competitive programming is preceded by an 83.71% reduction in monthly contest participation - True attrition in competitive programming is preceded by an 83.71% reduction in monthly contest participation
True-false tests correlate with intelligence ratings (.406) more highly than essays (.344) or written work (.255), and combining true-false tests raises the intelligence correlation while combining essays does not - True-false tests correlate with intelligence ratings (.406) more highly than essays (.344) or written work (.255), and combining true-false tests raises the intelligence correlation while combining es
True-score-model correlations between term scores exceed 0.90 for almost all course-specific tests - True-score-model correlations between term scores exceed 0.90 for almost all course-specific tests
Trust and intrinsic motivation means rose across the semester while extrinsic motivation stayed relatively stable, and longitudinal measurement invariance held across waves - Trust and intrinsic motivation means rose across the semester while extrinsic motivation stayed relatively stable, and longitudinal measurement invariance held across waves
Trust and reliance can diverge, and self-reported reliance measures cannot classify calibration without output-quality ground truth - Trust and reliance can diverge, and self-reported reliance measures cannot classify calibration without output-quality ground truth
Trust evaluations were strongly and positively correlated across all robot–task combinations, suggesting trust in social robots may be a stable, generalized attitude - Trust evaluations were strongly and positively correlated across all robot–task combinations, suggesting trust in social robots may be a stable, generalized attitude
Trust in AI and academic self-efficacy serially mediate the literacy-to-continued-use association (literacy → trust → self-efficacy → use) - Trust in AI and academic self-efficacy serially mediate the literacy-to-continued-use association (literacy → trust → self-efficacy → use)
Trust in AI is positively associated with university students' dependence on GenAI - Trust in AI is positively associated with university students' dependence on GenAI
Trust in AI partially mediates the associations of both perceived AI empowerment and perceived AI threat with GenAI dependence - Trust in AI partially mediates the associations of both perceived AI empowerment and perceived AI threat with GenAI dependence
Trust in AI varied by positioning: partners saw bias and assigned their own grades, while substitutes trusted AI scores as actual grades - Trust in AI varied by positioning: partners saw bias and assigned their own grades, while substitutes trusted AI scores as actual grades
Trust in customized agents was associated with clear, accurate, and contextually aligned feedback - Trust in customized agents was associated with clear, accurate, and contextually aligned feedback
Trust in personalized analogies moved in no single direction, while critical scrutiny tracked domain expertise more consistently than personal interest - Trust in personalized analogies moved in no single direction, while critical scrutiny tracked domain expertise more consistently than personal interest
Trusting teacher-evaluator relationships lessened evaluation anxiety and encouraged teachers to welcome and use REACH feedback - Trusting teacher-evaluator relationships lessened evaluation anxiety and encouraged teachers to welcome and use REACH feedback
Trustworthiness could not be reduced to a fully automated objective; human judgment remains necessary for resolving complex or context-dependent cases - Trustworthiness could not be reduced to a fully automated objective; human judgment remains necessary for resolving complex or context-dependent cases
Trustworthiness metrics and visualizations surfaced previously overlooked pedagogical risks and enabled more deliberate reasoning about trade-offs between competing objectives - Trustworthiness metrics and visualizations surfaced previously overlooked pedagogical risks and enabled more deliberate reasoning about trade-offs between competing objectives
Tryon's chapter eleven outlines a scheme of general course organization into distinct history periods with illustrated daily work types - Tryon's chapter eleven outlines a scheme of general course organization into distinct history periods with illustrated daily work types
TSDR consistently improves calibration (ACC and RMSE) even on datasets where AUC gains plateau - TSDR consistently improves calibration (ACC and RMSE) even on datasets where AUC gains plateau
TSDR improves the AUC of six state-of-the-art KT backbones across nine real-world benchmark datasets - TSDR improves the AUC of six state-of-the-art KT backbones across nine real-world benchmark datasets
TSDR is robust to the smoothness coefficient, with a stable sweet spot for lambda in [0.3, 1.0] - TSDR is robust to the smoothness coefficient, with a stable sweet spot for lambda in [0.3, 1.0]
TSDR's AUC gains are largest on open-ended platforms and limited on EdNet, whose mandatory bundle completion policy constrains selection bias - TSDR's AUC gains are largest on open-ended platforms and limited on EdNet, whose mandatory bundle completion policy constrains selection bias
TSE and burnout levels are autoregressively stable: current levels predict future levels of the same construct - TSE and burnout levels are autoregressively stable: current levels predict future levels of the same construct
TSE does not consistently predict future burnout; only one significant path (TSE to disengagement, Time 1 to Time 2) emerged - TSE does not consistently predict future burnout; only one significant path (TSE to disengagement, Time 1 to Time 2) emerged
TSE is negatively correlated with both exhaustion and disengagement at each of the three time points - TSE is negatively correlated with both exhaustion and disengagement at each of the three time points
TSP (complex spatial problem solving) and SART-OM (vigilance for frequent events) showed no significant alcohol effects, an outcome the authors report as unexpected - TSP (complex spatial problem solving) and SART-OM (vigilance for frequent events) showed no significant alcohol effects, an outcome the authors report as unexpected
TTI did not increase test scores in middle schools - TTI did not increase test scores in middle schools
TTI transfer incentives increased elementary school students' math and reading test scores by an estimated 4 to 10 percentile points - TTI transfer incentives increased elementary school students' math and reading test scores by an estimated 4 to 10 percentile points
TTI was more cost-effective than similar teacher-transfer incentive interventions - TTI was more cost-effective than similar teacher-transfer incentive interventions
Turkish and German identity interactively predicted accuracy on mixed Dot Task trials requiring cognitive flexibility among immigrant-origin children - Turkish and German identity interactively predicted accuracy on mixed Dot Task trials requiring cognitive flexibility among immigrant-origin children
Turkish EFL learners in this sample were generally extrinsically motivated, indicating moderate self-determination - Turkish EFL learners in this sample were generally extrinsically motivated, indicating moderate self-determination
Turkish EFL preparatory students were somewhat willing to communicate in English - Turkish EFL preparatory students were somewhat willing to communicate in English
Turkish student teachers score higher on entity theory than incremental theory and on performance goal orientation than learning goal orientation - Turkish student teachers score higher on entity theory than incremental theory and on performance goal orientation than learning goal orientation
Turkish undergraduates show a use-cognition gap: 77.7% use AI tools at least several times per week while formal AI education remains low - Turkish undergraduates show a use-cognition gap: 77.7% use AI tools at least several times per week while formal AI education remains low
Turkish undergraduates' AI associations are anchored by utilitarian concepts, with Convenience and Speed alone accounting for 18.5% of all responses - Turkish undergraduates' AI associations are anchored by utilitarian concepts, with Convenience and Speed alone accounting for 18.5% of all responses
Turkish-language prompts produced poorer EDBL alignment than English prompts, revealing a linguistic equity limitation of AI lesson-planning tools - Turkish-language prompts produced poorer EDBL alignment than English prompts, revealing a linguistic equity limitation of AI lesson-planning tools
Turn-taking test review makes each member's expertise visible, enabling peers to locate and draw on community knowledge - Turn-taking test review makes each member's expertise visible, enabling peers to locate and draw on community knowledge
Turn-taking with an AI partner shows slower responses, reduced learner floor share, and greater within-turn fluency - Turn-taking with an AI partner shows slower responses, reduced learner floor share, and greater within-turn fluency
Turnaround partnership schools are producing math improvements, but other effects were mixed, varying by outcome and by partner organization (Kindezi and PBS) - Turnaround partnership schools are producing math improvements, but other effects were mixed, varying by outcome and by partner organization (Kindezi and PBS)
Turnaround schools generally served the same students after reform, except Closure and Restart schools, which shifted toward more advantaged, higher-achieving students - Turnaround schools generally served the same students after reform, except Closure and Restart schools, which shifted toward more advantaged, higher-achieving students
Turnover is about 70% higher in schools serving the most students of color, with even larger gaps for math/science, special education, and alternatively certified teachers - Turnover is about 70% higher in schools serving the most students of color, with even larger gaps for math/science, special education, and alternatively certified teachers
Turnover is higher in charter schools (17.8%) than traditional public schools (14.9%) and higher in city schools (17.7%) than other locales - Turnover is higher in charter schools (17.8%) than traditional public schools (14.9%) and higher in city schools (17.7%) than other locales
Turnover is highest in ESL/bilingual education (19.0%), foreign languages (18.3%), CTE (17.5%), and special education (16.4%) - Turnover is highest in ESL/bilingual education (19.0%), foreign languages (18.3%), CTE (17.5%), and special education (16.4%)
Turnover rates are about 50% higher in Title I schools than in non-Title I schools - Turnover rates are about 50% higher in Title I schools than in non-Title I schools
Tutor accuracy in applying the contingency rule showed no significant association with children's posttest outcome, efficiency, or autonomy, with near-zero correlations - Tutor accuracy in applying the contingency rule showed no significant association with children's posttest outcome, efficiency, or autonomy, with near-zero correlations
Tutor behavior had a major impact on students' discussion behaviors, with dominant or passive tutors both failing to stimulate lively discussion - Tutor behavior had a major impact on students' discussion behaviors, with dominant or passive tutors both failing to stimulate lively discussion
Tutor CoPilot shows no statistically significant effects on participation points, student survey outcomes, or end-of-year math test scores - Tutor CoPilot shows no statistically significant effects on participation points, student survey outcomes, or end-of-year math test scores
Tutor CoPilot's benefit is largest for lower-rated and less-experienced tutors (9 p.p. and 7 p.p.), diminishing as tutor effectiveness increases - Tutor CoPilot's benefit is largest for lower-rated and less-experienced tutors (9 p.p.
Tutor engagement in Ubuntu professional learning sessions was high in both districts, with 82 percent of District A tutors and 94 percent of District B tutors attending all three sessions - Tutor engagement in Ubuntu professional learning sessions was high in both districts, with 82 percent of District A tutors and 94 percent of District B tutors attending all three sessions
Tutor Mode's adaptive responsiveness was overestimated by simulation: only 3/8 pilot participants agreed LEA adapted appropriately when they expressed uncertainty - Tutor Mode's adaptive responsiveness was overestimated by simulation: only 3/8 pilot participants agreed LEA adapted appropriately when they expressed uncertainty
Tutor models trained on ten misconceptions simultaneously learn each misconception while overall correct accuracy remains stable or improves (93% to 98%) - Tutor models trained on ten misconceptions simultaneously learn each misconception while overall correct accuracy remains stable or improves (93% to 98%)
Tutor promptings and information items explain only a limited share of variance in help tool use - Tutor promptings and information items explain only a limited share of variance in help tool use
Tutor ratings do not entirely tap one underlying trait; one- and two-factor models fit unsatisfactorily - Tutor ratings do not entirely tap one underlying trait; one- and two-factor models fit unsatisfactorily
Tutor training performance predicts real-life tutoring transcript scores, with a one SD increase in lesson performance associated with a 0.25 SD increase in transcript scores - Tutor training performance predicts real-life tutoring transcript scores, with a one SD increase in lesson performance associated with a 0.25 SD increase in transcript scores
Tutor-based practice produced greater learning gains than paper-based practice on matched problem sets - Tutor-based practice produced greater learning gains than paper-based practice on matched problem sets
Tutored students reported positive relationships with Cignition tutors, with little variation in relationship quality across tutors - Tutored students reported positive relationships with Cignition tutors, with little variation in relationship quality across tutors
Tutorial group size moderates SDL gains in PBL: small and medium groups gained SDL, large groups declined - Tutorial group size moderates SDL gains in PBL: small and medium groups gained SDL, large groups declined
Tutorial groups varied widely in when they first entered collaborative sensemaking, from about 13 minutes to nearly 53 minutes of tutorial time - Tutorial groups varied widely in when they first entered collaborative sensemaking, from about 13 minutes to nearly 53 minutes of tutorial time
Tutoring activity mix shifts dynamically across a ten-session project, with rapport building highest early and artifact review rising over time - Tutoring activity mix shifts dynamically across a ten-session project, with rapport building highest early and artifact review rising over time
Tutoring center visits showed a delayed significant correlation with cumulative GPA in subsequent quarters - Tutoring center visits showed a delayed significant correlation with cumulative GPA in subsequent quarters
Tutoring center visits usually showed no significant difference in individual course performance, and sometimes tutored students performed worse - Tutoring center visits usually showed no significant difference in individual course performance, and sometimes tutored students performed worse
Tutoring condition interacts with MD subtype status in effects on third graders' fact retrieval skill - Tutoring condition interacts with MD subtype status in effects on third graders' fact retrieval skill
Tutoring is highly effective, and hiring older peers as tutors supports learning gains for both older and younger students - Tutoring is highly effective, and hiring older peers as tutors supports learning gains for both older and younger students
Tutoring programs consistently outperform common school-based alternatives such as class-size reduction and summer school, per the review's synthesis of Kraft - Tutoring programs consistently outperform common school-based alternatives such as class-size reduction and summer school, per the review's synthesis of Kraft
Tutoring quality belongs to the base model and agent harness together rather than either alone, as adapter rankings reorder across tiers - Tutoring quality belongs to the base model and agent harness together rather than either alone, as adapter rankings reorder across tiers
Tutoring sessions were implemented with high procedural fidelity (mean 93.4%) - Tutoring sessions were implemented with high procedural fidelity (mean 93.4%)
Tutors and trainee researchers most value supportive attitude, mastery of the research field, and accessibility in a research project supervisor - Tutors and trainee researchers most value supportive attitude, mastery of the research field, and accessibility in a research project supervisor
Tutors perceive Tutor CoPilot as helpful for on-the-spot explanations but flag suggestions that are not grade-level appropriate and 'too smart' - Tutors perceive Tutor CoPilot as helpful for on-the-spot explanations but flag suggestions that are not grade-level appropriate and 'too smart'
Tutors reason differently about effort versus progress goals in ways that mirror the target-specific feature patterns, and trust clearly defined feature-backed explanations - Tutors reason differently about effort versus progress goals in ways that mirror the target-specific feature patterns, and trust clearly defined feature-backed explanations
Tutors showed significant pre-to-post gains in both conceptual knowledge and procedural skill after teaching with adaptive follow-up questioning - Tutors showed significant pre-to-post gains in both conceptual knowledge and procedural skill after teaching with adaptive follow-up questioning
Tutors with Tutor CoPilot access use more understanding-fostering strategies (e.g., prompting students to explain) and rely less on giving away answers than control tutors - Tutors with Tutor CoPilot access use more understanding-fostering strategies (e.g., prompting students to explain) and rely less on giving away answers than control tutors
Tutors' proportion of knowledge-building responses to an agent's adaptive follow-up questions predicts conceptual and procedural post-test scores - Tutors' proportion of knowledge-building responses to an agent's adaptive follow-up questions predicts conceptual and procedural post-test scores
Twelfth graders report high rates of college-preparation actions, with 80 percent at Sample School reporting they applied for financial aid versus 68 percent across CPS - Twelfth graders report high rates of college-preparation actions, with 80 percent at Sample School reporting they applied for financial aid versus 68 percent across CPS
Twelve semi-structured interviews with university students and lecturers identified twelve knowledge-based design requirements for tutoring GSRs across three knowledge types - Twelve semi-structured interviews with university students and lecturers identified twelve knowledge-based design requirements for tutoring GSRs across three knowledge types
Twelve Together has potentially positive effects on staying in school, based on a lower (non-significant) dropout rate than control - Twelve Together has potentially positive effects on staying in school, based on a lower (non-significant) dropout rate than control
Twelve Together shows no discernible effects on progressing in school as measured by highest grade completed - Twelve Together shows no discernible effects on progressing in school as measured by highest grade completed
Twelve weeks of MITCA homework prescription produced higher time management than traditional homework in 5th–6th graders - Twelve weeks of MITCA homework prescription produced higher time management than traditional homework in 5th–6th graders
Twelve-year-old pupils in upper grades show much greater test ability than those in lower grades - Twelve-year-old pupils in upper grades show much greater test ability than those in lower grades
Twelve-year-old pupils score a median of 23 on all three test forms - Twelve-year-old pupils score a median of 23 on all three test forms
Twenty participants aged 3 to 14 with varying disabilities all demonstrated literacy gains through shared story reading - Twenty participants aged 3 to 14 with varying disabilities all demonstrated literacy gains through shared story reading
Twenty years of research on disengaged test taking in international assessment programs yields six insights with implications for assessment programs - Twenty years of research on disengaged test taking in international assessment programs yields six insights with implications for assessment programs
Twenty-four EER articles use nine theoretical foundations, with experiential learning and collaborative learning most represented - Twenty-four EER articles use nine theoretical foundations, with experiential learning and collaborative learning most represented
Twenty-three 5th graders' creativity scores rise after nine CREACT drawing-arts lessons in a one-group pretest-posttest study without a control group (effect size .71) - Twenty-three 5th graders' creativity scores rise after nine CREACT drawing-arts lessons in a one-group pretest-posttest study without a control group (effect size .71)
Twenty-two trials of practice translating English into code raised average output from 43 to a highest-record average of 239 code symbols per five-minute period, a 537% gain. - Twenty-two trials of practice translating English into code raised average output from 43 to a highest-record average of 239 code symbols per five-minute period, a 537% gain.
Twin and factor-analytic studies support a unitary single-factor model of spatial ability, as the review reports - Twin and factor-analytic studies support a unitary single-factor model of spatial ability, as the review reports
Two 100-word dictionary-sampled spelling lists administered to the same pupil yield scores agreeing within a mean variation of 2.2 points - Two 100-word dictionary-sampled spelling lists administered to the same pupil yield scores agreeing within a mean variation of 2.2 points
Two 20-min MVPA bouts in a school morning yielded better selective attention than one bout or remaining seated (B = −0.26; 95% CI [−0.52, −0.00]) - Two 20-min MVPA bouts in a school morning yielded better selective attention than one bout or remaining seated (B = −0.26; 95% CI [−0.52, −0.00])
Two attitude clusters differ significantly on preparedness, confidence, and interest (p<.0001), with Cluster 1 lower on Pew and GSE but not SeBIS, and reporting more word-of-mouth learning - Two attitude clusters differ significantly on preparedness, confidence, and interest (p<.0001), with Cluster 1 lower on Pew and GSE but not SeBIS, and reporting more word-of-mouth learning
Two case studies and expert interviews with six experts demonstrated SAVVY's effectiveness and usability for identifying attention variations and supporting video optimization - Two case studies and expert interviews with six experts demonstrated SAVVY's effectiveness and usability for identifying attention variations and supporting video optimization
Two combined features of state school accountability systems make middle schools more likely than other schools to be identified for TSI because of the performance of their students with disabilities - Two combined features of state school accountability systems make middle schools more likely than other schools to be identified for TSI because of the performance of their students with disabilities
Two computational models were proposed and validated for assessing collaboration in CSCL conversations - Two computational models were proposed and validated for assessing collaboration in CSCL conversations
Two computerized SAT coaching programs showed no statistically significant effect on SAT scores (McClain, 1999) - Two computerized SAT coaching programs showed no statistically significant effect on SAT scores (McClain, 1999)
Two decades of research have produced advances in both the measurement of test-taking disengagement and understanding of its distortive impact on individual and aggregated scores - Two decades of research have produced advances in both the measurement of test-taking disengagement and understanding of its distortive impact on individual and aggregated scores
Two distinct group deliberation patterns emerge in response to regulation triggers: the Plan and Implementation Approach (PIA) and the Trials and Failure Approach (TFA) - Two distinct group deliberation patterns emerge in response to regulation triggers: the Plan and Implementation Approach (PIA) and the Trials and Failure Approach (TFA)
Two distinct implicit cognitive processes show different predictive links: implicit learning predicts skill learning, associative memory activation predicts language task success - Two distinct implicit cognitive processes show different predictive links: implicit learning predicts skill learning, associative memory activation predicts language task success
Two further rationales treat the network as purposefully (re)shaped by TPD initiatives or as a latent school capacity (7 studies each) - Two further rationales treat the network as purposefully (re)shaped by TPD initiatives or as a latent school capacity (7 studies each)
Two gendered classroom cultures coexisted: rule-following vocal girls and disruptive boys receiving disproportionate time and space - Two gendered classroom cultures coexisted: rule-following vocal girls and disruptive boys receiving disproportionate time and space
Two independent research efforts identified the same three pre-use phases of the adoption process - Two independent research efforts identified the same three pre-use phases of the adoption process
Two inferred norms concern teachers' role, with the teacher-validation norm appearing in all participating groups - Two inferred norms concern teachers' role, with the teacher-validation norm appearing in all participating groups
Two instances of cross-education or transference of training are offered as evidence in favor of the doctrine of formal discipline - Two instances of cross-education or transference of training are offered as evidence in favor of the doctrine of formal discipline
Two LAUNCH elementary schools with NBCT clusters showed significantly positive differences on 8 of 16 school measures - Two LAUNCH elementary schools with NBCT clusters showed significantly positive differences on 8 of 16 school measures
Two mass shootings exemplify how metal detectors can be insufficient at stopping such attacks - Two mass shootings exemplify how metal detectors can be insufficient at stopping such attacks
Two of seven frontier LLMs show behavioral inconsistency between monitored and unmonitored conditions (Grok-4.1-fast 5.50; Gemini-3-Pro 5.00), while four show perfect consistency (1.0) - Two of seven frontier LLMs show behavioral inconsistency between monitored and unmonitored conditions (Grok-4.1-fast 5.50; Gemini-3-Pro 5.00), while four show perfect consistency (1.0)
Two of six evaluated interventions directed corrections toward already-advantaged groups because disadvantage was operationalized using group size - Two of six evaluated interventions directed corrections toward already-advantaged groups because disadvantage was operationalized using group size
Two parent-reported sleep health patterns characterize low-income pre-kindergarteners: an earlier, longer, consistent class (87%) and a later, shorter, inconsistent class (13%) - Two parent-reported sleep health patterns characterize low-income pre-kindergarteners: an earlier, longer, consistent class (87%) and a later, shorter, inconsistent class (13%)
Two people discussing perceptual decisions can outperform the better individual, via weighted confidence sharing - Two people discussing perceptual decisions can outperform the better individual, via weighted confidence sharing
Two READ 180 studies found statistically significant positive effects over control groups (Western Massachusetts +0.18; Milwaukee +0.14) - Two READ 180 studies found statistically significant positive effects over control groups (Western Massachusetts +0.18; Milwaukee +0.14)
Two reviewed interventions affected students’ understanding of fictional others - Two reviewed interventions affected students’ understanding of fictional others
Two rubric dimensions (claims and evidence, comparison) showed low inter-scorer consistency in the pilot - Two rubric dimensions (claims and evidence, comparison) showed low inter-scorer consistency in the pilot
Two sources of the problem-size effect — more frequent and more efficient retrieval on small than large problems — are present in children of all grades, while the procedural-efficiency source is present only in second grade - Two sources of the problem-size effect — more frequent and more efficient retrieval on small than large problems — are present in children of all grades, while the procedural-efficiency source is pres
Two student-level randomized studies in California, Maine, and Minnesota high schools found significant positive impacts on NWEA MAP reading (average effect size +0.09) - Two student-level randomized studies in California, Maine, and Minnesota high schools found significant positive impacts on NWEA MAP reading (average effect size +0.09)
Two subsets of rational-number CCS items demand working memory capacities of 4 or 5 units respectively - Two subsets of rational-number CCS items demand working memory capacities of 4 or 5 units respectively
Two teacher-researchers using the AMTI in real classes found the collected data informative and useful, demonstrating the model's feasibility - Two teacher-researchers using the AMTI in real classes found the collected data informative and useful, demonstrating the model's feasibility
Two thirds of California LEAs assessed TK learning with LEA-based grade-level benchmarks and report cards rather than established early childhood assessments - Two thirds of California LEAs assessed TK learning with LEA-based grade-level benchmarks and report cards rather than established early childhood assessments
Two transactivity-supporting scripts each help dyads, but combining them appears to interfere - Two transactivity-supporting scripts each help dyads, but combining them appears to interfere
Two writing teachers report that decoupling evaluation from grades under a grading contract lets them give blunter feedback that students can weigh, an account with no data reported - Two writing teachers report that decoupling evaluation from grades under a grading contract lets them give blunter feedback that students can weigh, an account with no data reported
Two years after the comprehensive magnet school policy, overall enrollment patterns by student residence had not changed substantially - Two years after the comprehensive magnet school policy, overall enrollment patterns by student residence had not changed substantially
Two years of BCIRC exposure is associated with larger reading gains than one year (effect size 0.87 significant versus 0.33 non-significant) - Two years of BCIRC exposure is associated with larger reading gains than one year (effect size 0.87 significant versus 0.33 non-significant)
Two years of comprehensive teacher induction can boost student achievement compared with business-as-usual induction - Two years of comprehensive teacher induction can boost student achievement compared with business-as-usual induction
Two years of multicomponent fluency intervention produced greater word-reading and fluency growth than one year or control, with no comprehension differences - Two years of multicomponent fluency intervention produced greater word-reading and fluency growth than one year or control, with no comprehension differences
Two years of Roads to Success exposure had no measurable effect on eighth graders' desire to learn job skills or their study and learning habits - Two years of Roads to Success exposure had no measurable effect on eighth graders' desire to learn job skills or their study and learning habits
Two years of teacher participation in the Teacher Potential Project improved students' English language arts achievement by roughly 1.4 months of typical improvement - Two years of teacher participation in the Teacher Potential Project improved students' English language arts achievement by roughly 1.4 months of typical improvement
Two-force-plate recording revealed individual left-right impulse asymmetries in student jumps while total takeoff and landing impulses remained comparable - Two-force-plate recording revealed individual left-right impulse asymmetries in student jumps while total takeoff and landing impulses remained comparable
Two-part collaborative assessment, individual then group answering, transforms summative testing into a learning experience and may reduce test anxiety - Two-part collaborative assessment, individual then group answering, transforms summative testing into a learning experience and may reduce test anxiety
Two-thirds of students reported limitations of data comics: information overload, limited generalisability, design-dependence, and oversimplification - Two-thirds of students reported limitations of data comics: information overload, limited generalisability, design-dependence, and oversimplification
Two-thirds of teachers and 72 percent of principals believed the threat of retention motivated students to work harder - Two-thirds of teachers and 72 percent of principals believed the threat of retention motivated students to work harder
Two-thirds of teachers in bottom-quartile schools describe no or minimal teacher-parent trust - Two-thirds of teachers in bottom-quartile schools describe no or minimal teacher-parent trust
Two-thirds to three-quarters of adolescent CI users score within the normal range on vocabulary and language content measures - Two-thirds to three-quarters of adolescent CI users score within the normal range on vocabulary and language content measures
Two-way, genuine district-teacher communication is associated with more effective TPE implementation - Two-way, genuine district-teacher communication is associated with more effective TPE implementation
Two-year and four-year origin transfers differ on gender, enrollment status, and six-year engineering graduation - Two-year and four-year origin transfers differ on gender, enrollment status, and six-year engineering graduation
Two-year college retention of CPS first-year students continued to decline in 2020 (66.4% in 2019 vs. 61.9% in 2020) - Two-year college retention of CPS first-year students continued to decline in 2020 (66.4% in 2019 vs.
Two-year persistence in four-year colleges declined from 66 percent to 60 percent over five years even as enrollee numbers grew - Two-year persistence in four-year colleges declined from 66 percent to 60 percent over five years even as enrollee numbers grew
Tyler et al. (2003) found no statistically significant differences between phonological awareness training and a morphosyntactic intervention (indeterminate effect) - Tyler et al.
Tyler et al. (2011) found no statistically significant differences between a phonemic awareness intervention and a morphosyntactic intervention at the US site (indeterminate effect) - Tyler et al.
Type 2 groups showed a communication–behaviour-synergistic transition, Type 1 a behaviour-oriented, and Type 3 a communication-oriented transition in hidden Markov models - Type 2 groups showed a communication–behaviour-synergistic transition, Type 1 a behaviour-oriented, and Type 3 a communication-oriented transition in hidden Markov models
Type I error rates of all three polytomous DIF indices increase as the number of DIF items and DIF magnitude increase - Type I error rates of all three polytomous DIF indices increase as the number of DIF items and DIF magnitude increase
Type of achievement measure moderates the correlation only when laboratory measures are excluded; course-exam correlation drops to r = .04 - Type of achievement measure moderates the correlation only when laboratory measures are excluded; course-exam correlation drops to r = .04
Type of AI moderated effect sizes: VR showed the largest pooled effect (gp = 1.28) and AR the smallest and non-significant in the post-test analysis - Type of AI moderated effect sizes: VR showed the largest pooled effect (gp = 1.28) and AR the smallest and non-significant in the post-test analysis
Type of evaluation moderates the label effect, with academic evaluations and overall assessments most negatively affected - Type of evaluation moderates the label effect, with academic evaluations and overall assessments most negatively affected
Type of interdependence shifts the nature of interactions: no-structure groups show the most cognitive interactions, role groups the most group processing, and reward groups the most off-task behavior - Type of interdependence shifts the nature of interactions: no-structure groups show the most cognitive interactions, role groups the most group processing, and reward groups the most off-task behavior
Type of interventionist was not a significant moderator of phonics instruction effects on decoding for students with intellectual disability - Type of interventionist was not a significant moderator of phonics instruction effects on decoding for students with intellectual disability
Type of math task moderates the math anxiety–performance link: basic numerical knowledge shows the weakest correlation (r = −.22) and applied math among the strongest (r = −.31) - Type of math task moderates the math anxiety–performance link: basic numerical knowledge shows the weakest correlation (r = −.22) and applied math among the strongest (r = −.31)
Type of mathematics assessed (Numerical Operations vs Mathematical Reasoning) does not significantly influence effect sizes - Type of mathematics assessed (Numerical Operations vs Mathematical Reasoning) does not significantly influence effect sizes
Type of PA may moderate acute effects: coordinative exercises outperformed a normal PE lesson of the same intensity - Type of PA may moderate acute effects: coordinative exercises outperformed a normal PE lesson of the same intensity
Type of VSWM assessed (simultaneous, sequential, or both) shows only a marginally non-significant influence on effect sizes - Type of VSWM assessed (simultaneous, sequential, or both) shows only a marginally non-significant influence on effect sizes
Type-1 performance in reading-related experimental tasks correlates with standardized reading test performance, validating the task battery - Type-1 performance in reading-related experimental tasks correlates with standardized reading test performance, validating the task battery
Type-token ratio showed a non-monotonic relationship with predicted difficulty, with both very low and very high lexical diversity increasing predicted text difficulty - Type-token ratio showed a non-monotonic relationship with predicted difficulty, with both very low and very high lexical diversity increasing predicted text difficulty
Typewriting skill showed an average daily gain of eighty-five strokes on memory tests taken after a year and a half without practice, attributed to the disappearance of interfering associations rather than neural growth - Typewriting skill showed an average daily gain of eighty-five strokes on memory tests taken after a year and a half without practice, attributed to the disappearance of interfering associations rather
Typical gestures are rated as more semantically related to accompanying speech than atypical gestures - Typical gestures are rated as more semantically related to accompanying speech than atypical gestures
Typical R2Child values with sociodemographic and baseline covariates were around 0.18–0.26 for preschool cognitive and SEL outcomes in US data - Typical R2Child values with sociodemographic and baseline covariates were around 0.18–0.26 for preschool cognitive and SEL outcomes in US data
Typical readers respond faster than dyslexic readers overall, and responses slow as presentation rates increase, without a group-by-rate interaction for reaction time - Typical readers respond faster than dyslexic readers overall, and responses slow as presentation rates increase, without a group-by-rate interaction for reaction time
Typical readers show significantly greater rate-related activation gains than dyslexic readers in left prefrontal and left superior temporal regions - Typical readers show significantly greater rate-related activation gains than dyslexic readers in left prefrontal and left superior temporal regions
Typical verbal achievement tests may underestimate students' subject-matter knowledge because of a mismatch between the test's symbolic form and students' symbolic encoding - Typical verbal achievement tests may underestimate students' subject-matter knowledge because of a mismatch between the test's symbolic form and students' symbolic encoding
Typical-gain teacher's students received the most inappropriate directions and prompts for setting a purpose and were seldom reminded to return to the purpose with evidence - Typical-gain teacher's students received the most inappropriate directions and prompts for setting a purpose and were seldom reminded to return to the purpose with evidence
Typically achieving children outperform children with mathematical learning difficulties on the SYMP one-digit subtest in Grades 1–5 and the two-digit subtest in Grades 2–5, but not in Grade 6 - Typically achieving children outperform children with mathematical learning difficulties on the SYMP one-digit subtest in Grades 1–5 and the two-digit subtest in Grades 2–5, but not in Grade 6
Typically developing children benefit from both handwriting and typing when learning novel words - Typically developing children benefit from both handwriting and typing when learning novel words
Typically-developing children show the standard affective priming pattern, responding faster to arithmetic targets after positive than negative primes - Typically-developing children show the standard affective priming pattern, responding faster to arithmetic targets after positive than negative primes
Typology tools are ordered by educator-reported frequency of use within each category - Typology tools are ordered by educator-reported frequency of use within each category