Claims: A 4

A 1 · A 2 · A 3 · A 4 · A 5 · A 6 · A 7 · A 8 · B 1 · B 2 · C 1 · C 2 · C 3 · C 4 · C 5 · C 6 · D 1 · D 2 · D 3 · E 1 · E 2 · E 3 · E 4 · F 1 · F 2 · F 3 · G 1 · G 2 · H 1 · H 2 · I 1 · I 2 · I 3 · I 4 · I 5 · J · K · L 1 · L 2 · L 3 · M 1 · M 2 · M 3 · M 4 · N 1 · N 2 · O 1 · O 2 · P 1 · P 2 · P 3 · P 4 · P 5 · Q · R 1 · R 2 · R 3 · S 1 · S 2 · S 3 · S 4 · S 5 · S 6 · S 7 · S 8 · T 1 · T 2 · T 3 · T 4 · T 5 · T 6 · T 7 · T 8 · T 9 · T 10 · U · V · W 1 · W 2 · X · Y · Z · 0-9

• Adding student-emotion information to LLM tutor prompting produces more desirable pedagogical qualities across most evaluated dimensions, with larger models benefiting most - Adding student-emotion information to LLM tutor prompting produces more desirable pedagogical qualities across most evaluated dimensions, with larger models benefiting most
• Adding supplementary video to existing teaching produces strong learning benefits (g = 0.88) - Adding supplementary video to existing teaching produces strong learning benefits (g = 0.88)
• Adding the linguistic neural network to a transformer does not significantly change inference time (p = 0.244) - Adding the linguistic neural network to a transformer does not significantly change inference time (p = 0.244)
• Adding the verbal group test to Stanford MA raises the multiple correlation with achievement from 0.54 to 0.605 - Adding the verbal group test to Stanford MA raises the multiple correlation with achievement from 0.54 to 0.605
• Adding theory annotations to a video model yields no additional skill benefit over the same unannotated model - Adding theory annotations to a video model yields no additional skill benefit over the same unannotated model
• Adding think-aloud data to theory prompts improves GPT-4o codebook completeness and alignment with the data - Adding think-aloud data to theory prompts improves GPT-4o codebook completeness and alignment with the data
• Adding time-varying task features roughly halves unexplained variance in disciplinary engagement ratings - Adding time-varying task features roughly halves unexplained variance in disciplinary engagement ratings
• Adding tutor interface and skill-estimate context to the prompt substantially improves GPT-4's error-diagnosis accuracy - Adding tutor interface and skill-estimate context to the prompt substantially improves GPT-4's error-diagnosis accuracy
• Adding writing prompts and essays to state English language arts assessments shifted classroom instruction toward writing - Adding writing prompts and essays to state English language arts assessments shifted classroom instruction toward writing
• Addition efficiency drops sharply from the first to the second two-minute period, indicating initial spurt - Addition efficiency drops sharply from the first to the second two-minute period, indicating initial spurt
• Addition fluency captures more shared variance with serial retrieval fluency than subtraction fluency does - Addition fluency captures more shared variance with serial retrieval fluency than subtraction fluency does
• Addition fluency strongly predicts third-grade multiplication fluency, and a significant working memory association emerges after controlling for addition fluency - Addition fluency strongly predicts third-grade multiplication fluency, and a significant working memory association emerges after controlling for addition fluency
• Additional certificate holders had fewer years of teaching experience on average (7 years) than teachers who did not earn additional certificates (15 years) - Additional certificate holders had fewer years of teaching experience on average (7 years) than teachers who did not earn additional certificates (15 years)
• Additional modified models suggest a positive effect of change in achievement on contemporaneous change in self-concept - Additional modified models suggest a positive effect of change in achievement on contemporaneous change in self-concept
• Additional special education costs vary substantially by primary disability category - Additional special education costs vary substantially by primary disability category
• Additive TPACK–belief integrations produce construct overlap, causal ambiguity, and weak intervention guidance - Additive TPACK–belief integrations produce construct overlap, causal ambiguity, and weak intervention guidance
• Adequacy of regulation decisions did not depend on misconceptions or instructional method - Adequacy of regulation decisions did not depend on misconceptions or instructional method
• Adequate definitions of abstract and familiar terms rarely appear before the eleventh year - Adequate definitions of abstract and familiar terms rarely appear before the eleventh year
• Adequate responders differ from typical readers on verbal knowledge, listening comprehension, working memory, and phonological awareness - Adequate responders differ from typical readers on verbal knowledge, listening comprehension, working memory, and phonological awareness
• Adequate-dose tutoring showed marginally significant effects for third graders on the NWEA MAP (ES = +0.27) - Adequate-dose tutoring showed marginally significant effects for third graders on the NWEA MAP (ES = +0.27)
• ADHD adults show lower D2/D3 receptor and DAT availability in nucleus accumbens and midbrain than controls - ADHD adults show lower D2/D3 receptor and DAT availability in nucleus accumbens and midbrain than controls
• ADHD children do not differ from controls on Elaboration, Abstractness of Titles or Resistance to Premature Closure - ADHD children do not differ from controls on Elaboration, Abstractness of Titles or Resistance to Premature Closure
• ADHD children show significantly prolonged ABR wave III, IV, V and interpeak I-III, III-V, I-V latencies compared with controls - ADHD children show significantly prolonged ABR wave III, IV, V and interpeak I-III, III-V, I-V latencies compared with controls
• ADHD coaching helped college students with ADHD set more specific goals broken into component steps with incremental deadlines - ADHD coaching helped college students with ADHD set more specific goals broken into component steps with incremental deadlines
• ADHD is associated with poor academic outcomes, including lower grade point average, increased grade retention, and lower rates of high-school graduation and post-secondary education - ADHD is associated with poor academic outcomes, including lower grade point average, increased grade retention, and lower rates of high-school graduation and post-secondary education
• ADHD medication status shows no significant interaction with segmentation, though medicated participants made fewer hesitations - ADHD medication status shows no significant interaction with segmentation, though medicated participants made fewer hesitations
• ADHD subtypes are not distinct disorders with regard to sensory processing problems - ADHD subtypes are not distinct disorders with regard to sensory processing problems
• ADHD symptoms correlate positively with creative achievements and negatively with problem-construction usefulness - ADHD symptoms correlate positively with creative achievements and negatively with problem-construction usefulness
• ADI students scored significantly higher than structured-inquiry students on the personal epistemology of science subscale, but not on value of science or self-efficacy subscales - ADI students scored significantly higher than structured-inquiry students on the personal epistemology of science subscale, but not on value of science or self-efficacy subscales
• ADI students' item-level gains concentrated on items about determining variables for a research question and on scientific inquiry questions - ADI students' item-level gains concentrated on items about determining variables for a research question and on scientific inquiry questions
• Adjacent-turn support–engagement coupling is state- and form-dependent: explaining predicts constructive follow-up after all prior states, while feedback's positive association concentrates after prior passive turns - Adjacent-turn support–engagement coupling is state- and form-dependent: explaining predicts constructive follow-up after all prior states, while feedback's positive association concentrates after prio
• Adjudicated sycophancy on post-pressure tutor responses reaches 14.1% across two frontier LLM tutors in the EDUFRAMETRAP test set - Adjudicated sycophancy on post-pressure tutor responses reaches 14.1% across two frontier LLM tutors in the EDUFRAMETRAP test set
• Adjunct aids such as learning objectives and embedded questions show limited effects and may interfere with competent readers' natural strategies - Adjunct aids such as learning objectives and embedded questions show limited effects and may interfere with competent readers' natural strategies
• Adjusting for perceived school supports and safety eliminates the transgender/non-transgender school connectedness gap and halves mental health, motivation, and middle school performance gaps - Adjusting for perceived school supports and safety eliminates the transgender/non-transgender school connectedness gap and halves mental health, motivation, and middle school performance gaps
• Adjusting for retained students, systemwide 1998 reading scores are essentially unchanged and math scores fall slightly, but both remain above 1997 levels; the authors judge the promotion policy did not seriously distort the results - Adjusting for retained students, systemwide 1998 reading scores are essentially unchanged and math scores fall slightly, but both remain above 1997 levels; the authors judge the promotion policy did n
• Adjusting MAP Growth K–2 item difficulties improved item fit, with old infit and outfit statistics more scattered than new ones in both samples - Adjusting MAP Growth K–2 item difficulties improved item fit, with old infit and outfit statistics more scattered than new ones in both samples
• Adjusting MAP Growth K–2 item difficulties in the 2020 scale alignment study improved item fit, with the largest gains in outfit statistics for difficult Mathematics items - Adjusting MAP Growth K–2 item difficulties in the 2020 scale alignment study improved item fit, with the largest gains in outfit statistics for difficult Mathematics items
• Adjustment variables show the largest coefficients of any factor domain but are typically measured after arrival, limiting their use for designing pre-transition interventions - Adjustment variables show the largest coefficients of any factor domain but are typically measured after arrival, limiting their use for designing pre-transition interventions
• Administering the Kindergarten Readiness Assessment to a subset of students per classroom greatly reduces precision of schools' K-3 growth estimates - Administering the Kindergarten Readiness Assessment to a subset of students per classroom greatly reduces precision of schools' K-3 growth estimates
• Administrative support, student discipline, and faculty influence are associated with teacher turnover after controlling for teacher and school characteristics - Administrative support, student discipline, and faculty influence are associated with teacher turnover after controlling for teacher and school characteristics
• Administrators gave a cautious assessment of the ABCTE Passport to Teaching program that certified the teachers - Administrators gave a cautious assessment of the ABCTE Passport to Teaching program that certified the teachers
• Administrators in eight of nine rural SIG schools reported rural-setting factors, chiefly long teacher commutes (six schools) or isolated communities (four), that hampered teacher recruitment or retention - Administrators in eight of nine rural SIG schools reported rural-setting factors, chiefly long teacher commutes (six schools) or isolated communities (four), that hampered teacher recruitment or reten
• Administrators reporting social problems in the school's community as a top roadblock grew from 31 percent in 2009 to 43 percent in 2017 - Administrators reporting social problems in the school's community as a top roadblock grew from 31 percent in 2009 to 43 percent in 2017
• Administrators' dual role as evaluator and coach can undermine the observation process's professional learning benefits - Administrators' dual role as evaluator and coach can undermine the observation process's professional learning benefits
• Admission to a charter middle school does not affect college enrollment, per a lottery-based study of 31 charter middle schools - Admission to a charter middle school does not affect college enrollment, per a lottery-based study of 31 charter middle schools
• Admissions officers can often discriminate AI-written from human-written essays, achieving an AUC of 0.70, well above chance but below commercial detectors - Admissions officers can often discriminate AI-written from human-written essays, achieving an AUC of 0.70, well above chance but below commercial detectors
• Admissions staff rate essays they perceive as AI-generated lower than essays they believe are human-written, even after adjusting for measured essay quality and actual AI authorship - Admissions staff rate essays they perceive as AI-generated lower than essays they believe are human-written, even after adjusting for measured essay quality and actual AI authorship
• Adolescent anticipatory alpha-band activity lacks the adult-like lateralized suppression pattern, instead showing higher right-parieto-occipital alpha and stronger modulation for cue-left than cue-right - Adolescent anticipatory alpha-band activity lacks the adult-like lateralized suppression pattern, instead showing higher right-parieto-occipital alpha and stronger modulation for cue-left than cue-rig
• Adolescent CI users perform weakest on connected discourse comprehension and abstract verbal reasoning subtests - Adolescent CI users perform weakest on connected discourse comprehension and abstract verbal reasoning subtests
• Adolescent digital self-regulation is enacted through a typology of four strategy types differing in executive effort versus external scaffolding - Adolescent digital self-regulation is enacted through a typology of four strategy types differing in executive effort versus external scaffolding
• Adolescent EFL learners perceive cartoon-based pictorial elucidation as helpful for accurate vocabulary use and engagement - Adolescent EFL learners perceive cartoon-based pictorial elucidation as helpful for accurate vocabulary use and engagement
• Adolescent girls perceive higher utility value of social competences than boys - Adolescent girls perceive higher utility value of social competences than boys
• Adolescent girls report higher self-reported social competences than boys in vocational high school - Adolescent girls report higher self-reported social competences than boys in vocational high school
• Adolescent males at representative level in highly popular sports are most at risk of RAE inequalities - Adolescent males at representative level in highly popular sports are most at risk of RAE inequalities
• Adolescent motivation research relies almost exclusively on student self-report of relationships, with dyadic and non-dyadic configurations both common - Adolescent motivation research relies almost exclusively on student self-report of relationships, with dyadic and non-dyadic configurations both common
• Adolescent students' stated pre-chat intentions with an AI math tutor tilt strongly toward scaffolded support rather than answer offloading - Adolescent students' stated pre-chat intentions with an AI math tutor tilt strongly toward scaffolded support rather than answer offloading
• Adolescent substance use is associated with low academic outcomes, delinquency, and risky sexual behaviors, per cited prior work - Adolescent substance use is associated with low academic outcomes, delinquency, and risky sexual behaviors, per cited prior work
• Adolescent well-being is higher when peer and teacher relatedness are equally high, and unequal relatedness levels are associated with lower well-being (interdependent needs process, Study 1) - Adolescent well-being is higher when peer and teacher relatedness are equally high, and unequal relatedness levels are associated with lower well-being (interdependent needs process, Study 1)
• Adolescent, but not childhood, spatial activity participation predicts adolescent spatial skills (paper folding) - Adolescent, but not childhood, spatial activity participation predicts adolescent spatial skills (paper folding)
• Adolescents and adults perform equally well on the probabilistic reversal learning task overall - Adolescents and adults perform equally well on the probabilistic reversal learning task overall
• Adolescents and educated adults require more time to compare common-denominator fractions after a common-numerator prime than after a control prime (negative priming effect) - Adolescents and educated adults require more time to compare common-denominator fractions after a common-numerator prime than after a control prime (negative priming effect)
• Adolescents are at greater risk of dropping out when at least one same-age intimate (friend, romantic partner, or sibling) has recently dropped out of school - Adolescents are at greater risk of dropping out when at least one same-age intimate (friend, romantic partner, or sibling) has recently dropped out of school
• Adolescents classified as impatient are more likely to drop out of high school even when they state an intention to finish - Adolescents classified as impatient are more likely to drop out of high school even when they state an intention to finish
• Adolescents experience autonomy online through self-discovery, anonymity, and judgement-free self-expression - Adolescents experience autonomy online through self-discovery, anonymity, and judgement-free self-expression
• Adolescents in flexible education settings and state care show very high rates of language and literacy impairment - Adolescents in flexible education settings and state care show very high rates of language and literacy impairment
• Adolescents in the higher physical fitness cluster score better on attention and concentration than the lower-fitness cluster, in both boys and girls - Adolescents in the higher physical fitness cluster score better on attention and concentration than the lower-fitness cluster, in both boys and girls
• Adolescents in the lowest quartile of concurrent inattention symptoms show larger negative N2 amplitudes than the other three quartiles, with no linear concurrent correlation - Adolescents in the lowest quartile of concurrent inattention symptoms show larger negative N2 amplitudes than the other three quartiles, with no linear concurrent correlation
• Adolescents in the Stable High motivation trajectory earned higher science grades, took more AP science courses, and reported higher STEM career aspirations than the other trajectory groups - Adolescents in the Stable High motivation trajectory earned higher science grades, took more AP science courses, and reported higher STEM career aspirations than the other trajectory groups
• Adolescents learn faster from negative reward prediction errors than adults in probabilistic reversal learning - Adolescents learn faster from negative reward prediction errors than adults in probabilistic reversal learning
• Adolescents paired with more skilled adult dialogic partners show greater skill using evidence to support claims than peers paired only with similar-ability partners - Adolescents paired with more skilled adult dialogic partners show greater skill using evidence to support claims than peers paired only with similar-ability partners
• Adolescents proactively use online technologies to unwind, escape stress, and regulate emotions - Adolescents proactively use online technologies to unwind, escape stress, and regulate emotions
• Adolescents read silently faster than orally, and this oral–silent difference is smaller for adolescents with dyslexia than for typical readers - Adolescents read silently faster than orally, and this oral–silent difference is smaller for adolescents with dyslexia than for typical readers
• Adolescents show adult-level dlPFC beta-band power but lower FEF alpha-band power and weaker dlPFC/FEF beta-alpha cross-frequency coupling during antisaccade preparation - Adolescents show adult-level dlPFC beta-band power but lower FEF alpha-band power and weaker dlPFC/FEF beta-alpha cross-frequency coupling during antisaccade preparation
• Adolescents show adult-like anticipatory broadband ERP attention components (ADAN, LDAP, BRN) contralateral to the attended location - Adolescents show adult-like anticipatory broadband ERP attention components (ADAN, LDAP, BRN) contralateral to the attended location
• Adolescents show disproportionately greater false alarms on happy no-go trials with heightened ventral striatum activity - Adolescents show disproportionately greater false alarms on happy no-go trials with heightened ventral striatum activity
• Adolescents show higher target-detection sensitivity (d-prime) for high-interest than low-interest stimuli, with better performance in the right hemifield - Adolescents show higher target-detection sensitivity (d-prime) for high-interest than low-interest stimuli, with better performance in the right hemifield
• Adolescents show increased anterior insula responses specifically to negative reward prediction errors - Adolescents show increased anterior insula responses specifically to negative reward prediction errors
• Adolescents show lower accuracy and longer reaction times on counterintuitive misconception trials than on matched control trials in science and maths - Adolescents show lower accuracy and longer reaction times on counterintuitive misconception trials than on matched control trials in science and maths
• Adolescents showed a marginally decreased number of punishments before switching in reversal learning - Adolescents showed a marginally decreased number of punishments before switching in reversal learning
• Adolescents showed faster, more accurate, and less variable performance than children, with reward effects on inhibition accuracy differing by age - Adolescents showed faster, more accurate, and less variable performance than children, with reward effects on inhibition accuracy differing by age
• Adolescents showed significantly lower metacognitive ability compared to young adults - Adolescents showed significantly lower metacognitive ability compared to young adults
• Adolescents trained on a finger-tapping task in the evening show greater off-line gains in tapping speed than afternoon-trained adolescents at both 24 hours and 7 days - Adolescents trained on a finger-tapping task in the evening show greater off-line gains in tapping speed than afternoon-trained adolescents at both 24 hours and 7 days
• Adolescents trained on word pairs in the afternoon show higher word-pair retention after 24 hours than evening-trained adolescents, but the difference is not sustained at 7 days - Adolescents trained on word pairs in the afternoon show higher word-pair retention after 24 hours than evening-trained adolescents, but the difference is not sustained at 7 days
• Adolescents who engaged in reflective activities alongside dialogic argumentation showed greater gains in using evidence to weaken the opposing position than peers who only argued - Adolescents who engaged in reflective activities alongside dialogic argumentation showed greater gains in using evidence to weaken the opposing position than peers who only argued
• Adolescents who use more language learning strategies are the more proficient ones, and strategy adoption varies with cultural background. - Among 157 newly arrived migrant adolescents learning Italian, low strategy use went with weaker proficiency and adoption varied by cultural background rather than being a fixed trait of the learner.
• Adolescents with 7 hours or less total rest time show longer 3-back response times, both acutely and averaged over the week - Adolescents with 7 hours or less total rest time show longer 3-back response times, both acutely and averaged over the week
• Adolescents with achieved ERI status report the highest salience and centrality of ethnicity-race across situations - Adolescents with achieved ERI status report the highest salience and centrality of ethnicity-race across situations
• Adolescents with ADHD exhibit selective cognitive advantages and disadvantages on creativity measures relative to healthy controls - Adolescents with ADHD exhibit selective cognitive advantages and disadvantages on creativity measures relative to healthy controls
• Adolescents with ADHD respond more slowly than non-ADHD peers across all conditions, and color-shape binding slows responses in both groups - Adolescents with ADHD respond more slowly than non-ADHD peers across all conditions, and color-shape binding slows responses in both groups
• Adolescents with ADHD show poorer accuracy than non-ADHD peers on all conditions of a visual short-term memory task, with the largest drop on trials requiring WM updating - Adolescents with ADHD show poorer accuracy than non-ADHD peers on all conditions of a visual short-term memory task, with the largest drop on trials requiring WM updating
• Adolescents with ASD are described as frequent targets of cyberbullying because they may miss social cues and lack self-advocacy skills - Adolescents with ASD are described as frequent targets of cyberbullying because they may miss social cues and lack self-advocacy skills
• Adolescents with chronic medical conditions report lower perceived school belonging than their healthy peers - Adolescents with chronic medical conditions report lower perceived school belonging than their healthy peers
• Adolescents with cochlear implants implanted by preschool age score just below the average range on standardized reading tests, with 47-66% within or above hearing norms - Adolescents with cochlear implants implanted by preschool age score just below the average range on standardized reading tests, with 47-66% within or above hearing norms
• Adolescents with cochlear implants perform below hearing peers on phonological processing measures including word attack, spelling plausibility, elision, and nonword repetition - Adolescents with cochlear implants perform below hearing peers on phonological processing measures including word attack, spelling plausibility, elision, and nonword repetition
• Adolescents with cochlear implants receive lower expository writing ratings than hearing peers across organization, content, language use, and vocabulary - Adolescents with cochlear implants receive lower expository writing ratings than hearing peers across organization, content, language use, and vocabulary
• Adolescents with cochlear implants spell significantly less accurately than hearing peers, though 55% spell within one standard deviation of them and 45% two or more below - Adolescents with cochlear implants spell significantly less accurately than hearing peers, though 55% spell within one standard deviation of them and 45% two or more below
• Adolescents with dyslexia show higher reading comprehension resiliency index scores than typical readers - Adolescents with dyslexia show higher reading comprehension resiliency index scores than typical readers
• Adolescents with high weekly physical exercise hours (more than 4 h/week) show significantly better selective attention, concentration, and processing speed than lower-exercise groups, with no differences between low and moderate groups - Adolescents with high weekly physical exercise hours (more than 4 h/week) show significantly better selective attention, concentration, and processing speed than lower-exercise groups, with no differe
• Adolescents with Internet addiction show structural and resting-state functional brain alterations, including reduced gray matter density, reduced white matter FA, and decreased connectivity in DMN and CEN - Adolescents with Internet addiction show structural and resting-state functional brain alterations, including reduced gray matter density, reduced white matter FA, and decreased connectivity in DMN an
• Adolescents with moderate or high friend support are about half as likely to report being bullied - Adolescents with moderate or high friend support are about half as likely to report being bullied
• Adolescents with self-disclosure or instrumental help-seeking preferences show higher adaptive coping and prosocial behaviors, and the self-disclosure group shows the lowest maladaptive coping and bullying, in ANOVA comparisons - Adolescents with self-disclosure or instrumental help-seeking preferences show higher adaptive coping and prosocial behaviors, and the self-disclosure group shows the lowest maladaptive coping and bul
• Adolescents with weaker communicative perspective-taking report worse peer relations - Adolescents with weaker communicative perspective-taking report worse peer relations
• Adolescents' ability self-concept and task values in physics and chemistry changed in tandem over time, regardless of trajectory group - Adolescents' ability self-concept and task values in physics and chemistry changed in tandem over time, regardless of trajectory group
• Adolescents' empathy is significantly positively correlated with prosocial behavior (r = 0.333) - Adolescents' empathy is significantly positively correlated with prosocial behavior (r = 0.333)
• Adolescents' empathy is significantly positively correlated with social support (r = 0.164) - Adolescents' empathy is significantly positively correlated with social support (r = 0.164)
• Adolescents' math and L1 self-concept and interest development across Grades 7–9 is best described by a single homogeneous trajectory profile - Adolescents' math and L1 self-concept and interest development across Grades 7–9 is best described by a single homogeneous trajectory profile
• Adolescents' physics and chemistry ability self-concept and task values from seventh to twelfth grade fall into seven distinct motivational trajectories rather than a single declining pattern - Adolescents' physics and chemistry ability self-concept and task values from seventh to twelfth grade fall into seven distinct motivational trajectories rather than a single declining pattern
• Adolescents' preference for instrumental help-seeking from AI chatbots is positively associated with adaptive coping, which relates to more prosocial behavior and less bullying, consistently across US and HK samples - Adolescents' preference for instrumental help-seeking from AI chatbots is positively associated with adaptive coping, which relates to more prosocial behavior and less bullying, consistently across US
• Adolescents' self-understandings are informed by their perceptions of teacher expectations, which may differ across student groups - Adolescents' self-understandings are informed by their perceptions of teacher expectations, which may differ across student groups
• Adopted educational philosophy is significantly positively related to teaching style - Adopted educational philosophy is significantly positively related to teaching style
• Adopting mastery goals rather than performance goals during initial learning promotes transfer - Adopting mastery goals rather than performance goals during initial learning promotes transfer
• Adoption intent does not differ significantly across teacher prior-practice groups, with every cohort exceeding 65% willingness to continue using LearnLens - Adoption intent does not differ significantly across teacher prior-practice groups, with every cohort exceeding 65% willingness to continue using LearnLens
• Adult (university) participants outperform kindergarten/elementary children in incidental spoken L2 word learning - Adult (university) participants outperform kindergarten/elementary children in incidental spoken L2 word learning
• Adult ability attributions of young children's success increase test cheating, per the article's title - Adult ability attributions of young children's success increase test cheating, per the article's title
• Adult advocacy interventions show promising but variable effects on staying in and progressing in school - Adult advocacy interventions show promising but variable effects on staying in and progressing in school
• Adult detraining and bedrest studies suggest cessation of physical activity can worsen cognitive performance - Adult detraining and bedrest studies suggest cessation of physical activity can worsen cognitive performance
• Adult education programs implement technology along a spectrum of blended learning models, often multiple models within one program - Adult education programs implement technology along a spectrum of blended learning models, often multiple models within one program
• Adult education programs used product-generated learner data minimally, mostly tracking usage time rather than diagnosing struggles - Adult education programs used product-generated learner data minimally, mostly tracking usage time rather than diagnosing struggles
• Adult ESL learners report above-neutral perceptions of ASR as a writing tool on usefulness, ease of use, and intention to use - Adult ESL learners report above-neutral perceptions of ASR as a writing tool on usefulness, ease of use, and intention to use
• Adult ESL students who read a short story could use incidentally acquired words in sentences, while students who learned word meanings in isolation could not - Adult ESL students who read a short story could use incidentally acquired words in sentences, while students who learned word meanings in isolation could not
• Adult illiterates significantly outperform pre-reading children on grapheme knowledge and on writing-speech correspondence - Adult illiterates significantly outperform pre-reading children on grapheme knowledge and on writing-speech correspondence
• Adult immigrants' perspectives of learning formats, self-directed learning, and motivation correlate significantly with English skills acquisition and integration - Adult immigrants' perspectives of learning formats, self-directed learning, and motivation correlate significantly with English skills acquisition and integration
• Adult L2 learners' momentary emotions cluster into five profiles, dominated by a low-arousal 'Routine but Pleasant' state (57.8% of episodes), challenging anxiety-centred paradigms - Adult L2 learners' momentary emotions cluster into five profiles, dominated by a low-arousal 'Routine but Pleasant' state (57.8% of episodes), challenging anxiety-centred paradigms
• Adult learner groups are more heterogeneous than child groups, calling for individualized instruction and varied learning strategies - Adult learner groups are more heterogeneous than child groups, calling for individualized instruction and varied learning strategies
• Adult learners below secondary education show higher controlled regulation and lower academic self-concept and learning strategies than those above it - Adult learners below secondary education show higher controlled regulation and lower academic self-concept and learning strategies than those above it
• Adult learners emphasize human-in-the-loop AI design that keeps final learning decisions with learners and instructors - Adult learners emphasize human-in-the-loop AI design that keeps final learning decisions with learners and instructors
• Adult learners expect AI to enhance autonomy through choices, flexible learning spaces, metacognitive awareness, and structured self-assessment - Adult learners expect AI to enhance autonomy through choices, flexible learning spaces, metacognitive awareness, and structured self-assessment
• Adult learners expect AI to enhance relevance through real-time goal monitoring, goal breakdown, career companionship, and networking recommendations - Adult learners expect AI to enhance relevance through real-time goal monitoring, goal breakdown, career companionship, and networking recommendations
• Adult learners expect AI to foster involvement by sparking questions, tapping interests, and providing continuous feedback and effort acknowledgment - Adult learners expect AI to foster involvement by sparking questions, tapping interests, and providing continuous feedback and effort acknowledgment
• Adult learners expect AI to support problem-centered learning by activating background knowledge, generating diagnostic insights, and strengthening critical thinking - Adult learners expect AI to support problem-centered learning by activating background knowledge, generating diagnostic insights, and strengthening critical thinking
• Adult learners expect AI to support transformative and experiential learning through assumption-challenging simulations, role play, and authentic virtual contexts - Adult learners expect AI to support transformative and experiential learning through assumption-challenging simulations, role play, and authentic virtual contexts
• Adult learners generally find pronunciation more difficult than children and are unlikely to achieve native-like pronunciation, though experience and self-monitoring offset this somewhat - Adult learners generally find pronunciation more difficult than children and are unlikely to achieve native-like pronunciation, though experience and self-monitoring offset this somewhat
• Adult learners perceive AI as supporting consolidation-phase comparison, knowledge reorganization, and transfer - Adult learners perceive AI as supporting consolidation-phase comparison, knowledge reorganization, and transfer
• Adult learners perceive AI collaborative workspaces as fostering equitable participation and shared responsibility in group problem-solving - Adult learners perceive AI collaborative workspaces as fostering equitable participation and shared responsibility in group problem-solving
• Adult learners perceive AI-generated warm-up activities as activating prior knowledge for solution generation - Adult learners perceive AI-generated warm-up activities as activating prior knowledge for solution generation
• Adult learners perceive conversational AI as thinking partners that support problem exploration without direct instruction - Adult learners perceive conversational AI as thinking partners that support problem exploration without direct instruction
• Adult learners raised data-practice concerns that did not map onto the Community of Inquiry framework, including not knowing what data is collected and where it goes - Adult learners raised data-practice concerns that did not map onto the Community of Inquiry framework, including not knowing what data is collected and where it goes
• Adult learners score much higher in autonomous than controlled regulation, with autonomous regulation mean 3.44 versus controlled 2.42 - Adult learners score much higher in autonomous than controlled regulation, with autonomous regulation mean 3.44 versus controlled 2.42
• Adult learners using RTC showed a two-way BMO–BCC revision loop, a DEL–DCR interface cycle, and more OI interaction than in individual programming - Adult learners using RTC showed a two-way BMO–BCC revision loop, a DEL–DCR interface cycle, and more OI interaction than in individual programming
• Adult learners using the closed-loop ITS improved significantly across all seven BARS presentation dimensions over a 30-day practice window (Cohen's d = 0.39–0.90) - Adult learners using the closed-loop ITS improved significantly across all seven BARS presentation dimensions over a 30-day practice window (Cohen's d = 0.39–0.90)
• Adult learners view AI as a collaborative learning agent for solving complex problems, sharing knowledge, and honing higher-order thinking - Adult learners view AI as a collaborative learning agent for solving complex problems, sharing knowledge, and honing higher-order thinking
• Adult learners who made an education gain in one year significantly differed from those who did not on dispositional or demographic variables (Mellard et al.) - Adult learners who made an education gain in one year significantly differed from those who did not on dispositional or demographic variables (Mellard et al.)
• Adult learners' motivation clusters into four profiles combining autonomous and controlled regulation, replicating the structure expected from SDT research with younger students - Adult learners' motivation clusters into four profiles combining autonomous and controlled regulation, replicating the structure expected from SDT research with younger students
• Adult learners' motivational profiles differ significantly in self-efficacy, learning strategies and behavioral engagement: the good-quality motivation group scores higher on all three, the high-quantity group on strategies and engagement only - Adult learners' motivational profiles differ significantly in self-efficacy, learning strategies and behavioral engagement: the good-quality motivation group scores higher on all three, the high-quant
• Adult onset of ADHD is rare and most people exceeding the symptom threshold for diagnosis are, on closer examination, false positives - Adult onset of ADHD is rare and most people exceeding the symptom threshold for diagnosis are, on closer examination, false positives
• Adult players who studied worked examples scored significantly higher on a game-based problem-solving retention question than a control group - Adult players who studied worked examples scored significantly higher on a game-based problem-solving retention question than a control group
• Adult players who studied worked examples scored significantly higher on a game-based problem-solving transfer question than a control group - Adult players who studied worked examples scored significantly higher on a game-based problem-solving transfer question than a control group
• Adult struggling readers score far below adult norms on the Boston Naming Test, with expressive vocabulary resembling children's scores - Adult struggling readers score far below adult norms on the Boston Naming Test, with expressive vocabulary resembling children's scores
• Adult-level vocal emotion recognition performance is reached between 14 and 15 years of age, with a non-linear trajectory of faster childhood improvement followed by a late-adolescent plateau - Adult-level vocal emotion recognition performance is reached between 14 and 15 years of age, with a non-linear trajectory of faster childhood improvement followed by a late-adolescent plateau
• Adults can promote young children's STEM skill learning during guided play but may need support to incorporate STEM talk and reduce directive management - Adults can promote young children's STEM skill learning during guided play but may need support to incorporate STEM talk and reduce directive management
• Adults learn languages more quickly than children in the early stages of second language acquisition - Adults learn languages more quickly than children in the early stages of second language acquisition
• Adults opt out of answering more on trials they later answer incorrectly, and curiosity is higher on opted-out trials (metacognitive control) - Adults opt out of answering more on trials they later answer incorrectly, and curiosity is higher on opted-out trials (metacognitive control)
• Adults outperform adolescents on fluency measures of divergent thinking (scanner AU-score, verbal fluency, and AUT-brick fluency), but not on originality or flexibility - Adults outperform adolescents on fluency measures of divergent thinking (scanner AU-score, verbal fluency, and AUT-brick fluency), but not on originality or flexibility
• Adults randomly assigned to a worked-example educational intervention made higher post-intervention monitoring judgments on health math problems than control participants - Adults randomly assigned to a worked-example educational intervention made higher post-intervention monitoring judgments on health math problems than control participants
• Adults rated the LLM-powered iCub storytelling system as usable, with a total SUS score of 76.70 indicating good product usability - Adults rated the LLM-powered iCub storytelling system as usable, with a total SUS score of 76.70 indicating good product usability
• Adults recall more biologically primary knowledge words than biologically secondary knowledge words in a paired vocabulary learning task - Adults recall more biologically primary knowledge words than biologically secondary knowledge words in a paired vocabulary learning task
• Adults report greater curiosity about answers on incorrect-answer trials than on correct-answer trials - Adults report greater curiosity about answers on incorrect-answer trials than on correct-answer trials
• Adults show greater left inferior lateral PFC activation than adolescents during relational integration - Adults show greater left inferior lateral PFC activation than adolescents during relational integration
• Adults show greater visual search accuracy than young children - Adults show greater visual search accuracy than young children
• Adults show higher overall working memory accuracy than adolescents, and adults but not adolescents increase startle reactivity with load - Adults show higher overall working memory accuracy than adolescents, and adults but not adolescents increase startle reactivity with load
• Adults show larger left IFG/MFG condition effects (AU relative to baseline) than adolescents, indicating adolescents do not yet recruit left lateral PFC at an adult level for creative thinking - Adults show larger left IFG/MFG condition effects (AU relative to baseline) than adolescents, indicating adolescents do not yet recruit left lateral PFC at an adult level for creative thinking
• Adults show significantly greater whole-brain fMRI activation than children for reversed versus typical letters, including left ventral visual stream and bilateral parietal cortices - Adults show significantly greater whole-brain fMRI activation than children for reversed versus typical letters, including left ventral visual stream and bilateral parietal cortices
• Adults show sustained RLPFC activation for REL-2 problems, whereas children's early RLPFC differentiation of REL-2 from REL-1 is not sustained across the trial - Adults show sustained RLPFC activation for REL-2 problems, whereas children's early RLPFC differentiation of REL-2 from REL-1 is not sustained across the trial
• Adults use a mix of retrieval and procedural strategies in single-digit arithmetic, with retrieval more frequent in multiplication and procedures more frequent in subtraction - Adults use a mix of retrieval and procedural strategies in single-digit arithmetic, with retrieval more frequent in multiplication and procedures more frequent in subtraction
• Adults who answered health math problems correctly reported higher monitoring judgments than those who answered incorrectly, with larger differences at posttest than pretest - Adults who answered health math problems correctly reported higher monitoring judgments than those who answered incorrectly, with larger differences at posttest than pretest
• Adults who completed supplemental basic-skills tutoring showed significant pre-to-post gains across a battery of decoding, word recognition, fluency, and comprehension measures - Adults who completed supplemental basic-skills tutoring showed significant pre-to-post gains across a battery of decoding, word recognition, fluency, and comprehension measures
• Adults with a history of developmental dyscalculia show impaired verbal short-term memory for serial order but preserved item recall - Adults with a history of developmental dyscalculia show impaired verbal short-term memory for serial order but preserved item recall
• Adults with ADHD generate more original ideas under competition for a bonus, but not without competition - Adults with ADHD generate more original ideas under competition for a bonus, but not without competition
• Adults with ADHD rate themselves as more creative in the performance and mechanical/scientific domains - Adults with ADHD rate themselves as more creative in the performance and mechanical/scientific domains
• Adults with ADHD report deficient emotional self-regulation symptoms far more frequently than adults without ADHD - Adults with ADHD report deficient emotional self-regulation symptoms far more frequently than adults without ADHD
• Adults with ADHD report more real-world creative achievements than healthy controls - Adults with ADHD report more real-world creative achievements than healthy controls
• Adults with ADHD score lower on the MPQ Achievement scale, a surrogate trait measure of motivation, than controls - Adults with ADHD score lower on the MPQ Achievement scale, a surrogate trait measure of motivation, than controls
• Adults with ADHD select fewer useful problem reconstructions than controls, with equal originality - Adults with ADHD select fewer useful problem reconstructions than controls, with equal originality
• Adults with ADHD who frequently engage in physical exercise report healthier psychological well-being than those who do not - Adults with ADHD who frequently engage in physical exercise report healthier psychological well-being than those who do not
• Adults with ADHD-Inattentive type make significantly more fearful affect recognition errors than non-ADHD controls on the DANVA - Adults with ADHD-Inattentive type make significantly more fearful affect recognition errors than non-ADHD controls on the DANVA
• Adults with ASD without intellectual disability show a large deficit in composite processing speed versus IQ-matched controls on standardized measures - Adults with ASD without intellectual disability show a large deficit in composite processing speed versus IQ-matched controls on standardized measures
• Adults with DD rely on time-consuming back-up strategies like finger usage for single-digit arithmetic, with prolonged response latencies that appear number-specific - Adults with DD rely on time-consuming back-up strategies like finger usage for single-digit arithmetic, with prolonged response latencies that appear number-specific
• Adults with DD show a reduced Number Stroop effect during physical comparison, suggesting weaker automatic activation of number magnitude - Adults with DD show a reduced Number Stroop effect during physical comparison, suggesting weaker automatic activation of number magnitude
• Adults with DD show a smaller subitizing range and impaired enumeration of random sets across visual and tactile modalities - Adults with DD show a smaller subitizing range and impaired enumeration of random sets across visual and tactile modalities
• Adults with DD show deficient alerting and executive attention with preserved orienting, indicating domain-general deficits beyond number processing - Adults with DD show deficient alerting and executive attention with preserved orienting, indicating domain-general deficits beyond number processing
• Adults with DD show deficient conceptual size processing with preserved physical size processing, supporting shared magnitude substrates - Adults with DD show deficient conceptual size processing with preserved physical size processing, supporting shared magnitude substrates
• Adults with DD show deficient time/duration processing but preserved length processing, with mixed findings across studies - Adults with DD show deficient time/duration processing but preserved length processing, with mixed findings across studies
• Adults with developmental dyscalculia are aware of their numerical difficulties in everyday life - Adults with developmental dyscalculia are aware of their numerical difficulties in everyday life
• Adults with developmental dyscalculia are impaired in everyday numerical tasks, particularly time estimation, measure, and money usage - Adults with developmental dyscalculia are impaired in everyday numerical tasks, particularly time estimation, measure, and money usage
• Adults with developmental dyscalculia score significantly lower than controls on the formal NADL test of school-acquired numerical abilities - Adults with developmental dyscalculia score significantly lower than controls on the formal NADL test of school-acquired numerical abilities
• Adults with developmental dyscalculia show reduced left intraparietal activation during serial order processing relative to controls - Adults with developmental dyscalculia show reduced left intraparietal activation during serial order processing relative to controls
• Adults with developmental dyslexia are slower than controls at speeded digit identification - Adults with developmental dyslexia are slower than controls at speeded digit identification
• Adults with developmental dyslexia use arithmetic fact retrieval less frequently than matched controls during single-digit multiplication and subtraction - Adults with developmental dyslexia use arithmetic fact retrieval less frequently than matched controls during single-digit multiplication and subtraction
• Adults with dyscalculia perform the number comparison task as accurately as controls but respond significantly more slowly - Adults with dyscalculia perform the number comparison task as accurately as controls but respond significantly more slowly
• Adults with dyscalculia show hyper-connectivity between primary visual cortex and inferior occipital cortex and fusiform gyrus - Adults with dyscalculia show hyper-connectivity between primary visual cortex and inferior occipital cortex and fusiform gyrus
• Adults with dyscalculia show less distinct non-symbolic number representations than matched controls in anterior parietal, frontal and temporal cortex - Adults with dyscalculia show less distinct non-symbolic number representations than matched controls in anterior parietal, frontal and temporal cortex
• Adults with dyslexia are slower than controls on single-digit arithmetic, with a larger multiplication-minus-subtraction reaction-time difference, even after controlling digit identification speed - Adults with dyslexia are slower than controls on single-digit arithmetic, with a larger multiplication-minus-subtraction reaction-time difference, even after controlling digit identification speed
• Adults with dyslexia execute both retrieval and procedural arithmetic strategies more slowly than controls - Adults with dyslexia execute both retrieval and procedural arithmetic strategies more slowly than controls
• Adults with dyslexia show disproportionately reduced discrimination accuracy in crowded displays compared to controls - Adults with dyslexia show disproportionately reduced discrimination accuracy in crowded displays compared to controls
• Adults with dyslexia use pre-cues to enhance discrimination accuracy, with pre-cued performance exceeding both post-cued and uncued conditions - Adults with dyslexia use pre-cues to enhance discrimination accuracy, with pre-cued performance exceeding both post-cued and uncued conditions
• Adults with dyslexia without dyscalculia show no deficit in nonsymbolic numerical magnitude processing - Adults with dyslexia without dyscalculia show no deficit in nonsymbolic numerical magnitude processing
• Adults with greater memory capacity, measured by WAIS Digits Backward, produced more complex utterances and used more right- and left-branching clauses - Adults with greater memory capacity, measured by WAIS Digits Backward, produced more complex utterances and used more right- and left-branching clauses
• Adults' acceptance of education-related epistemic violence is moderate, with 48.1% at a moderate and 40.3% at a high level - Adults' acceptance of education-related epistemic violence is moderate, with 48.1% at a moderate and 40.3% at a high level
• Adults' confidence judgments track answer accuracy: confidence is higher on correct than incorrect general-knowledge trials (metacognitive monitoring) - Adults' confidence judgments track answer accuracy: confidence is higher on correct than incorrect general-knowledge trials (metacognitive monitoring)
• Adults' past enjoyment of education-related epistemic freedom is between moderate and high, and their tendency toward it is high - Adults' past enjoyment of education-related epistemic freedom is between moderate and high, and their tendency toward it is high
• Adults' perpetration of education-related epistemic violence on their own or relatives' children is low - Adults' perpetration of education-related epistemic violence on their own or relatives' children is low
• Adults' resorting to epistemic violence correlates negatively with past enjoyment of and tendency toward education-related epistemic freedom - Adults' resorting to epistemic violence correlates negatively with past enjoyment of and tendency toward education-related epistemic freedom
• Adults, but not children, show a differential N170 response to typical versus reversed letters - Adults, but not children, show a differential N170 response to typical versus reversed letters
• Adults, but not children, show a P1 ERP amplitude difference between reversed and typical letters during early visual processing - Adults, but not children, show a P1 ERP amplitude difference between reversed and typical letters during early visual processing
• Advance organizers aided learning in a 1980 meta-analysis, but activating prior topic knowledge did not improve primary pupils' text comprehension in one experiment
• Advance organizers facilitate conceptual retention and far transfer of unfamiliar technical material for learners lacking relevant prior knowledge - Advance organizers facilitate conceptual retention and far transfer of unfamiliar technical material for learners lacking relevant prior knowledge
• Advance organizers produce a small average learning benefit, larger for high-ability than for low-ability learners
• Advanced counting competencies predict fifth grade mathematics achievement whereas basic counting does not when both are included together - Advanced counting competencies predict fifth grade mathematics achievement whereas basic counting does not when both are included together
• Advanced L2 learners taught the core senses of to, for and at with diagrams show pre- to post-test gains in knowing when to use them, in one uncontrolled study reported second-hand - Advanced L2 learners taught the core senses of to, for and at with diagrams show pre- to post-test gains in knowing when to use them, in one uncontrolled study reported second-hand
• Advanced learners may benefit from learner-controlled selection of learning tasks and levels of generality - Advanced learners may benefit from learner-controlled selection of learning tasks and levels of generality
• Advanced Placement and dual enrollment participation have similarly positive impacts on student success - Advanced Placement and dual enrollment participation have similarly positive impacts on student success
• Advanced prompting improved the pass rate of AI-generated psychology submissions within a one-hour limit - Advanced prompting improved the pass rate of AI-generated psychology submissions within a one-hour limit
• Advanced students showed reduced attempts with all hint types, while novices did not clearly benefit and made slightly more submissions with Single-Issue Feedback - Advanced students showed reduced attempts with all hint types, while novices did not clearly benefit and made slightly more submissions with Single-Issue Feedback
• Advanced technology's hyperinteractivity can intensify social inequality in education - Advanced technology's hyperinteractivity can intensify social inequality in education
• Advanced-placement students outperformed vocational-school students on most learner characteristics, with large effect sizes except interest - Advanced-placement students outperformed vocational-school students on most learner characteristics, with large effect sizes except interest
• Advancement to WRL 7 was observed only after industry-embedded exposure, not additional coursework - Advancement to WRL 7 was observed only after industry-embedded exposure, not additional coursework
• Advantage of causal knowledge on unfamiliar terminology persists one week after training - Advantage of causal knowledge on unfamiliar terminology persists one week after training
• Adventure programs can be designed to teach participants a transferable empowerment process, not only deliver an intervention - Adventure programs can be designed to teach participants a transferable empowerment process, not only deliver an intervention
• Adventure video games with supplementary vocabulary material outperform control conditions on receptive and productive vocabulary tests - Adventure video games with supplementary vocabulary material outperform control conditions on receptive and productive vocabulary tests
• Adverse childhood experiences create toxic stress that impairs attention, learning, and behavior, and school responses can magnify or buffer the harm - Adverse childhood experiences create toxic stress that impairs attention, learning, and behavior, and school responses can magnify or buffer the harm
• Adverse impacts of school closures are most pronounced for younger school-age children, driven by self-productivity and dynamic complementarity in human capital production - Adverse impacts of school closures are most pronounced for younger school-age children, driven by self-productivity and dynamic complementarity in human capital production
• AEEGS and human raters produced nearly equivalent, low mean scores (5.94 vs 5.97 of 20), with AEEGS slightly higher - AEEGS and human raters produced nearly equivalent, low mean scores (5.94 vs 5.97 of 20), with AEEGS slightly higher
• AEEGS and human raters produced similarly shaped score distributions, with most students' scores clustered around the mean in the 'good' band - AEEGS and human raters produced similarly shaped score distributions, with most students' scores clustered around the mean in the 'good' band
• AEEGS scores show high absolute agreement with 12 human expert raters' scores on mathematical Economics essay items (average-measures ICC = 0.863) - AEEGS scores show high absolute agreement with 12 human expert raters' scores on mathematical Economics essay items (average-measures ICC = 0.863)
• Aerobic exercise improves executive functioning, most notably inhibitory control, in typically developing children, though evidence is tentative and one week-long study found no main effect - Aerobic exercise improves executive functioning, most notably inhibitory control, in typically developing children, though evidence is tentative and one week-long study found no main effect
• Aerobic fitness and diet affect hippocampal volume and predict episodic memory differences, with effects possibly magnified in childhood - Aerobic fitness and diet affect hippocampal volume and predict episodic memory differences, with effects possibly magnified in childhood
• Aerobic fitness group differences in cortical thickness are regionally specific, absent in middle frontal, middle temporal, and parietal areas - Aerobic fitness group differences in cortical thickness are regionally specific, absent in middle frontal, middle temporal, and parietal areas
• Affect recognition deficits were not found unanimously across ADHD groups, suggesting a nuanced subtype-specific pattern - Affect recognition deficits were not found unanimously across ADHD groups, suggesting a nuanced subtype-specific pattern
• Affect, motivation, and cognitive load did not mediate the relationship between error condition and CVS learning - Affect, motivation, and cognitive load did not mediate the relationship between error condition and CVS learning
• Affective experience during situated collaborative problem solving is organized around a stable epistemic core linking curiosity, optimism, and confusion with short-range persistence - Affective experience during situated collaborative problem solving is organized around a stable epistemic core linking curiosity, optimism, and confusion with short-range persistence
• Affective reactivity can override adolescents' regulatory intentions for digital engagement - Affective reactivity can override adolescents' regulatory intentions for digital engagement
• Affective reinforcement after a negative alert coincided with stabilization of an ongoing engagement structure, producing a brief affective shift from confusion to reassurance that returned to confusion - Affective reinforcement after a negative alert coincided with stabilization of an ongoing engagement structure, producing a brief affective shift from confusion to reassurance that returned to confusi
• Affective theory of mind is positively related to age across adolescence - Affective theory of mind is positively related to age across adolescence
• Affective theory of mind is positively related to inhibition, updating, and shifting - Affective theory of mind is positively related to inhibition, updating, and shifting
• Affective variables and gender do not relate to picture effects on elementary schoolers' word problem-solving performance - Affective variables and gender do not relate to picture effects on elementary schoolers' word problem-solving performance
• Affiliative humour is associated with positive classroom climate, enjoyment and willingness to participate among adolescent students - Affiliative humour is associated with positive classroom climate, enjoyment and willingness to participate among adolescent students
• Affinity for technology interaction differed across clusters, with text reproducers highest and integrators scoring higher than reconstructors (d = 0.59) - Affinity for technology interaction differed across clusters, with text reproducers highest and integrators scoring higher than reconstructors (d = 0.59)
• Affinity propagation clustering of gameplay attempts yielded an interpretable six-cluster solution (part.6) - Affinity propagation clustering of gameplay attempts yielded an interpretable six-cluster solution (part.6)
• Affordance resonance can be documented at scale through AI-generated logs identifying seed contributions and cascading uptake - Affordance resonance can be documented at scale through AI-generated logs identifying seed contributions and cascading uptake
• Affordances of technology for collaborative learning are created through design to the extent that appropriate principles have been applied in an effective way - Affordances of technology for collaborative learning are created through design to the extent that appropriate principles have been applied in an effective way
• African American and Latinx teacher candidates fail state certification assessments (Praxis I and II) at much higher rates than white candidates, while performance assessments show smaller disparities. - African American and Latinx teacher candidates fail state certification assessments (Praxis I and II) at much higher rates than white candidates, while performance assessments show smaller disparities
• African American boys received out-of-school suspensions at five times the rate of white/Asian boys in CPS high schools in 2013-14 - African American boys received out-of-school suspensions at five times the rate of white/Asian boys in CPS high schools in 2013-14
• African American children show lower prekindergarten math but faster math growth, and higher prekindergarten letter–word knowledge with slower growth after covariate adjustment - African American children show lower prekindergarten math but faster math growth, and higher prekindergarten letter–word knowledge with slower growth after covariate adjustment
• African American middle school students on average endorse the traditional academic race stereotype while reporting high academic self-concept - African American middle school students on average endorse the traditional academic race stereotype while reporting high academic self-concept
• African American secondary school staff had more negative perceptions of respect for diversity in their schools than other staff - African American secondary school staff had more negative perceptions of respect for diversity in their schools than other staff
• African American secondary school staff perceived their schools' instructional equity less positively than staff of other races/ethnicities - African American secondary school staff perceived their schools' instructional equity less positively than staff of other races/ethnicities
• African American students are the most mobile group of CPS students, and the gap between them and other students widened after 2000-01, especially at the elementary level - African American students are the most mobile group of CPS students, and the gap between them and other students widened after 2000-01, especially at the elementary level
• African American teacher candidates are less likely to receive job offers than white candidates despite similar or better qualifications. - African American teacher candidates are less likely to receive job offers than white candidates despite similar or better qualifications.
• African and Asian students did not differ significantly in their answers about ChatGPT - African and Asian students did not differ significantly in their answers about ChatGPT
• African countries' AI policies are high-level and more focused on economic goals than on establishing specific regulatory requirements - African countries' AI policies are high-level and more focused on economic goals than on establishing specific regulatory requirements
• African-American and Asian students are more likely than Latino and white students to live within multiple magnet neighborhood zones - African-American and Asian students are more likely than Latino and white students to live within multiple magnet neighborhood zones
• African-American students and mostly African-American South Side communities showed less improvement in graduation and dropout rates than other students and North Side communities - African-American students and mostly African-American South Side communities showed less improvement in graduation and dropout rates than other students and North Side communities
• African-American students travel farther to attend magnet elementary schools than students of other ethnicities - African-American students travel farther to attend magnet elementary schools than students of other ethnicities
• African-American students' disproportionate retention was largely explained by lower prior test scores - African-American students' disproportionate retention was largely explained by lower prior test scores
• After a dialogic-focused professional development intervention, mathematics teachers noticed student dialogue significantly more, in both attending (83 to 170 cases) and responding (24 to 71 cases) - After a dialogic-focused professional development intervention, mathematics teachers noticed student dialogue significantly more, in both attending (83 to 170 cases) and responding (24 to 71 cases)
• After a failed scripted question, repeating it is followed by lower recovery than switching to addressing the student's error - After a failed scripted question, repeating it is followed by lower recovery than switching to addressing the student's error
• After a guided-inquiry lesson with the collision-carts simulation, students' self-reported knowledge of the physics increased and most rated the lesson enjoyable and valuable - After a guided-inquiry lesson with the collision-carts simulation, students' self-reported knowledge of the physics increased and most rated the lesson enjoyable and valuable
• After a lesson series, two sixth graders could switch flexibly between perspectives when comparing negative integers; one distinguished number-line order from context-based absolute-value reasoning about debts - After a lesson series, two sixth graders could switch flexibly between perspectives when comparing negative integers; one distinguished number-line order from context-based absolute-value reasoning ab
• After a proctor notification triggered by rapid-guessing detection, test-taking engagement tended to increase - After a proctor notification triggered by rapid-guessing detection, test-taking engagement tended to increase
• After a researcher presentation on brain breaks, an estimated 80-90 percent of one school's teachers implemented the breaks in their classrooms - After a researcher presentation on brain breaks, an estimated 80-90 percent of one school's teachers implemented the breaks in their classrooms
• After a sociocognitive conflict, mastery goals predict interest in task information while performance goals predict interest in the grade - After a sociocognitive conflict, mastery goals predict interest in task information while performance goals predict interest in the grade
• After a team's tilting episode, its conversation became dominated by anger and lost all game-action talk - After a team's tilting episode, its conversation became dominated by anger and lost all game-action talk
• After accounting for incoming academic achievement, neighborhood crime and poverty show effectively no relationship with school safety - After accounting for incoming academic achievement, neighborhood crime and poverty show effectively no relationship with school safety
• After accounting for other factors, colleges with higher shares of first-generation, older, English learner, and academically disadvantaged students still earned fewer milestones, while economic disadvantage and dual-credit shares were no longer significant - After accounting for other factors, colleges with higher shares of first-generation, older, English learner, and academically disadvantaged students still earned fewer milestones, while economic disad
• After accounting for publication bias, the estimated true effect favoring PS-I is strong (Hedge's g = 0.87) - After accounting for publication bias, the estimated true effect favoring PS-I is strong (Hedge's g = 0.87)
• After accounting for teacher and school characteristics, each $1,000 increase in cost-of-living-adjusted salary is associated with about a 0.34 percentage-point decrease in turnover probability - After accounting for teacher and school characteristics, each $1,000 increase in cost-of-living-adjusted salary is associated with about a 0.34 percentage-point decrease in turnover probability
• After an early algebra intervention, the number of kindergarteners giving a relational definition of the equal sign went from one to nine, and acceptance of non-standard equation forms rose, as reported from the authors' earlier study - After an early algebra intervention, the number of kindergarteners giving a relational definition of the equal sign went from one to nine, and acceptance of non-standard equation forms rose, as report
• After becoming community schools, 11 of 12 Lynwood elementary schools increased the percentage of students meeting or exceeding the ELA proficiency standard, and 10 did so in math. - After becoming community schools, 11 of 12 Lynwood elementary schools increased the percentage of students meeting or exceeding the ELA proficiency standard, and 10 did so in math.
• After brief 1–2 day training, participants showed behaviors consistent with movement from Stage 0–1 toward Stage 1–2, and sustained courses were associated with Stage 3–4 behaviors (observational; no pre/post measure or comparison group) - After brief 1–2 day training, participants showed behaviors consistent with movement from Stage 0–1 toward Stage 1–2, and sustained courses were associated with Stage 3–4 behaviors (observational; no
• After controlling for age, WM correlates significantly only with the most demanding condition (priming task, noncanonical word order) - After controlling for age, WM correlates significantly only with the most demanding condition (priming task, noncanonical word order)
• After controlling for children's level of intelligence, only shifting and inhibition make a significant contribution to creativity - After controlling for children's level of intelligence, only shifting and inhibition make a significant contribution to creativity
• After controlling for demographic changes and school enrollment patterns, the postpolicy decline in dropout rates appears slightly smaller, and the report urges caution in attributing trends to the gate - After controlling for demographic changes and school enrollment patterns, the postpolicy decline in dropout rates appears slightly smaller, and the report urges caution in attributing trends to the ga
• After controlling for domain-general abilities and reading, MLD children show deficits on all mathematical cognition tasks while LA-Severe children show a specific counting-string intrusion deficit - After controlling for domain-general abilities and reading, MLD children show deficits on all mathematical cognition tasks while LA-Severe children show a specific counting-string intrusion deficit
• After controlling for teacher and school background, school demographic characteristics were not significantly related to minority teacher turnover - After controlling for teacher and school background, school demographic characteristics were not significantly related to minority teacher turnover
• After design adjustments, the LAD achieved good–excellent usability (SUS M = 4.13, equal to 78.25%) - After design adjustments, the LAD achieved good–excellent usability (SUS M = 4.13, equal to 78.25%)
• After eight encounters in reading, L2 learners recognize the form and meaning of unknown words better than they can recall their meaning - After eight encounters in reading, L2 learners recognize the form and meaning of unknown words better than they can recall their meaning
• After eight months of eSpark usage in first-grade ELA classrooms, NWEA reading percentile scores showed no pattern of increasing achievement - After eight months of eSpark usage in first-grade ELA classrooms, NWEA reading percentile scores showed no pattern of increasing achievement
• After excluding Illinois and Ohio, ELA scores showed essentially no recovery from 2022 to 2023 in the remaining 24 ERS states - After excluding Illinois and Ohio, ELA scores showed essentially no recovery from 2022 to 2023 in the remaining 24 ERS states
• After focus-group professional learning, all nine teacher partners committed to trying Mathspace and reported broader, more integrated uses of Equatio - After focus-group professional learning, all nine teacher partners committed to trying Mathspace and reported broader, more integrated uses of Equatio
• After formative intervention, the teacher's presentations shifted from instruction-only moves to including generative, confirming, reconstructing, and reorienting moves - After formative intervention, the teacher's presentations shifted from instruction-only moves to including generative, confirming, reconstructing, and reorienting moves
• After gamified security training, female students gave more positive confidence and format-preference ratings than male students (descriptive survey percentages, no inferential test) - After gamified security training, female students gave more positive confidence and format-preference ratings than male students (descriptive survey percentages, no inferential test)
• After hands-on use, 96% of students wanted AIDA in their studies, with the quiz function the most liked feature - After hands-on use, 96% of students wanted AIDA in their studies, with the quiz function the most liked feature
• After high-confidence errors, resolving the discrepancy with additional information produced enjoyment, while failure to resolve it produced frustration - After high-confidence errors, resolving the discrepancy with additional information produced enjoyment, while failure to resolve it produced frustration
• After Hillsdale High School detracked into heterogeneous small learning communities, 100% of African American and Latinx 9th-graders enrolled in biology (up from 18% in 2002–03) and assessment performance matched high-track schools - After Hillsdale High School detracked into heterogeneous small learning communities, 100% of African American and Latinx 9th-graders enrolled in biology (up from 18% in 2002–03) and assessment perform
• After humanization with Undetectable AI, fewer than 4% of AI-labeled rewrites remain detectable (FNR > 96%) for Pangram and GPTZero - After humanization with Undetectable AI, fewer than 4% of AI-labeled rewrites remain detectable (FNR > 96%) for Pangram and GPTZero
• After implementing collaboratively designed changes (emergency trolley, grab bags, orientation rules), the second in-situ simulation showed smoother, faster emergency care delivery - After implementing collaboratively designed changes (emergency trolley, grab bags, orientation rules), the second in-situ simulation showed smoother, faster emergency care delivery
• After instruction has begun, drop rates are essentially the same in online and onground continuing education classes - After instruction has begun, drop rates are essentially the same in online and onground continuing education classes
• After introduction, the student used the INSERT text-marking strategy consistently and independently, suggesting transfer - After introduction, the student used the INSERT text-marking strategy consistently and independently, suggesting transfer
• After learners adjust their confidence, the degree of socio-cognitive conflict is equivalent to zero as a predictor of information requests - After learners adjust their confidence, the degree of socio-cognitive conflict is equivalent to zero as a predictor of information requests
• After metaconceptual activities, participants differentiated the republic as a form of government from democracy as its method of implementation - After metaconceptual activities, participants differentiated the republic as a form of government from democracy as its method of implementation
• After Michigan adopted a standard ranking scale, the percentage of failures remained below 3 per cent instead of approaching 10 per cent - After Michigan adopted a standard ranking scale, the percentage of failures remained below 3 per cent instead of approaching 10 per cent
• After New Jersey reduced the passing thresholds for two exams, first-attempt passing rates were similar across the three HSE exams - After New Jersey reduced the passing thresholds for two exams, first-attempt passing rates were similar across the three HSE exams
• After one school year of implementation (first cohort), the curricula produced no statistically significant positive impacts, and four statistically significant negative impacts were observed. - After one school year of implementation (first cohort), the curricula produced no statistically significant positive impacts, and four statistically significant negative impacts were observed.
• After one year of DLP coaching, coached teachers reported more frequent and more powerful technology use than non-participating colleagues - After one year of DLP coaching, coached teachers reported more frequent and more powerful technology use than non-participating colleagues
• After one year of SMART® intervention, only the fluency outcome was statistically significant, while alphabetics and comprehension effects were not - After one year of SMART® intervention, only the fluency outcome was statistically significant, while alphabetics and comprehension effects were not
• After one year of TEFA professional development, videotaped lessons showed increased discussion time, more student-student interactions, less IRE interaction, and more varied discussion formats - After one year of TEFA professional development, videotaped lessons showed increased discussion time, more student-student interactions, less IRE interaction, and more varied discussion formats
• After one year, reading and mathematics software products did not increase or decrease test scores by amounts statistically different from zero - After one year, reading and mathematics software products did not increase or decrease test scores by amounts statistically different from zero
• After one year, RSF Cohort 2 students generally performed at the same levels as matched comparison students, with only three statistically significant differences - After one year, RSF Cohort 2 students generally performed at the same levels as matched comparison students, with only three statistically significant differences
• After pairing, both groups favored saving progress over abrupt transitions and trusted data-informed future pairing over student-only ratings. - After pairing, both groups favored saving progress over abrupt transitions and trusted data-informed future pairing over student-only ratings.
• After PAIRR, most students prefer combined peer and AI feedback over either source alone - After PAIRR, most students prefer combined peer and AI feedback over either source alone
• After PET normalization, no statistically significant performance differences remain between user cohorts - After PET normalization, no statistically significant performance differences remain between user cohorts
• After playing Progenitor X over three weeks, 39 middle and high school students showed a statistically significant 11% pre-post gain in stem-cell science content knowledge, in a one-group design with no comparison - After playing Progenitor X over three weeks, 39 middle and high school students showed a statistically significant 11% pre-post gain in stem-cell science content knowledge, in a one-group design with
• After PPO optimization, auxiliary feedback semantic similarity (SimCSE) reaches 81.3% and 79.3% for the two policy models, higher than evaluated pretrained baselines - After PPO optimization, auxiliary feedback semantic similarity (SimCSE) reaches 81.3% and 79.3% for the two policy models, higher than evaluated pretrained baselines
• After reading the first text, embedded-source trustworthiness evaluations did not vary between sequences - After reading the first text, embedded-source trustworthiness evaluations did not vary between sequences
• After REMind, children's expectations that confronting a bully would stop the bullying shifted toward a calibrated midpoint - After REMind, children's expectations that confronting a bully would stop the bullying shifted toward a calibrated midpoint
• After retrieval practice, undergraduates score significantly higher on lower-order thinking questions than on higher-order thinking questions about a studied passage - After retrieval practice, undergraduates score significantly higher on lower-order thinking questions than on higher-order thinking questions about a studied passage
• After rule learning, low flexibility learners show latency differences across probability conditions while high flexibility learners do not - After rule learning, low flexibility learners show latency differences across probability conditions while high flexibility learners do not
• After scaffolding, strategy talk reconfigured around summarizing, critical evaluation, and co-construction, indicating repurposing toward critical scrutiny of AI outputs - After scaffolding, strategy talk reconfigured around summarizing, critical evaluation, and co-construction, indicating repurposing toward critical scrutiny of AI outputs
• After school closings, proximity to home was the deciding factor in families' enrollment choices, outweighing school ratings - After school closings, proximity to home was the deciding factor in families' enrollment choices, outweighing school ratings
• After school-wide positive and restorative discipline training, Black-White and LGBTQ-straight differences in perceived bullying converged at one majority-minority school - After school-wide positive and restorative discipline training, Black-White and LGBTQ-straight differences in perceived bullying converged at one majority-minority school
• After schools' second year of participation, the 8th-grade on-track NSI did not impact the targeted student outcomes - After schools' second year of participation, the 8th-grade on-track NSI did not impact the targeted student outcomes
• After self-scoring, the monitoring-accuracy gap between low- and high-performing students remains on multiplication (small) but disappears on division - After self-scoring, the monitoring-accuracy gap between low- and high-performing students remains on multiplication (small) but disappears on division
• After studying the composition scale, normal-school students double-rated 32 seventh-grade compositions, each composition being rated by two students with the second rater rating a different set - After studying the composition scale, normal-school students double-rated 32 seventh-grade compositions, each composition being rated by two students with the second rater rating a different set
• After successful re-categorization, learners' feature ratings show the prior conception is retained in memory alongside the newly learned conception. - After successful re-categorization, learners' feature ratings show the prior conception is retained in memory alongside the newly learned conception.
• After talking with sycophantic AI, people anticipate greater effort to feel understood by a close other and feel their dilemma is already sufficiently talked through - After talking with sycophantic AI, people anticipate greater effort to feel understood by a close other and feel their dilemma is already sufficiently talked through
• After the AMPT co-authoring session, attitudes towards mathematics other than sense of belonging remained unchanged - After the AMPT co-authoring session, attitudes towards mathematics other than sense of belonging remained unchanged
• After the co-designed AI session, community members' concerns about AI persisted but became more specific, concrete, and actionable - After the co-designed AI session, community members' concerns about AI persisted but became more specific, concrete, and actionable
• After the design iteration, no student deleted an evaluation step, in contrast to frequent step deletion in the first deployment - After the design iteration, no student deleted an evaluation step, in contrast to frequent step deletion in the first deployment
• After the first year of implementation, fewer than half of 2010 TIF districts implemented all four required program components for teachers, though a large majority implemented at least three - After the first year of implementation, fewer than half of 2010 TIF districts implemented all four required program components for teachers, though a large majority implemented at least three
• After the first year of the EITP pilot, cohort 1 schools improved reading achievement by 0.10 standard deviations relative to cohort 2 schools - After the first year of the EITP pilot, cohort 1 schools improved reading achievement by 0.10 standard deviations relative to cohort 2 schools
• After the Focus on High Schools initiative, days absent, days tardy, and student suspensions were lower - After the Focus on High Schools initiative, days absent, days tardy, and student suspensions were lower
• After the futures-and-quantum-computing course, upper-secondary students reported a more optimistic or hopeful outlook on the future - After the futures-and-quantum-computing course, upper-secondary students reported a more optimistic or hopeful outlook on the future
• After the intervention, some students shifted from one-sided to two-sided reasoning: comments against their own side doubled and own-side support halved when reading the other-side text - After the intervention, some students shifted from one-sided to two-sided reasoning: comments against their own side doubled and own-side support halved when reading the other-side text
• After the intervention, teachers' responses to dialogue focused on balancing student relations and eliciting dialogic gaps, yet some responses still promoted monologic narratives driven by mathematical correctness - After the intervention, teachers' responses to dialogue focused on balancing student relations and eliciting dialogic gaps, yet some responses still promoted monologic narratives driven by mathematica
• After the modules, students engaged in lateral reading far more often, rising from 3 of 87 students at pretest to 67 of 87 at posttest - After the modules, students engaged in lateral reading far more often, rising from 3 of 87 students at pretest to 67 of 87 at posttest
• After the pandemic, more students are off-track and further behind grade-level proficiency, deepening challenges for educators - After the pandemic, more students are off-track and further behind grade-level proficiency, deepening challenges for educators
• After the policy changes, distance to any pre-k did not change substantially for most student groups, while White and highest-income students lived farther from pre-k - After the policy changes, distance to any pre-k did not change substantially for most student groups, while White and highest-income students lived farther from pre-k
• After the policy changes, students lived on average 0.6 miles closer to a school with full-day pre-k, with the largest gains for high-priority groups - After the policy changes, students lived on average 0.6 miles closer to a school with full-day pre-k, with the largest gains for high-priority groups
• After the promotion gate, general education eighth graders were retained at far higher rates while retention of students with disabilities fell, raising the disabled share of ninth graders - After the promotion gate, general education eighth graders were retained at far higher rates while retention of students with disabilities fell, raising the disabled share of ninth graders
• After the short online courses, fourteen respondents changed their interpretations of a content-focused teaching video - After the short online courses, fourteen respondents changed their interpretations of a content-focused teaching video
• After the TBL module, students were better prepared to design and implement independent final research projects - After the TBL module, students were better prepared to design and implement independent final research projects
• After the tightening of PLUS credit standards, both the share of PLUS participants and PLUS loan dollar amounts declined substantially at HBCUs - After the tightening of PLUS credit standards, both the share of PLUS participants and PLUS loan dollar amounts declined substantially at HBCUs
• After the U.S. Department of Education offered assessment waivers to all 50 states in 2019-2020, many educators and policymakers advocated restarting assessment programs in 2020-2021 to evaluate teaching and learning and inform recovery policies - After the U.S.
• After three years of Teacher Incentive Fund implementation, pay-for-performance bonuses had small positive impacts on student math and reading achievement in ten evaluation districts - After three years of Teacher Incentive Fund implementation, pay-for-performance bonuses had small positive impacts on student math and reading achievement in ten evaluation districts
• After three years with a new principal, the average DCPS student's reading achievement increased by 4 percentile points (0.09 standard deviations) relative to retained-principal comparison schools - After three years with a new principal, the average DCPS student's reading achievement increased by 4 percentile points (0.09 standard deviations) relative to retained-principal comparison schools
• After training, analysts' free-text detection reasoning shifted away from physics-violation and anatomical cues toward functional and stylistic artifacts and became more specific - After training, analysts' free-text detection reasoning shifted away from physics-violation and anatomical cues toward functional and stylistic artifacts and became more specific
• After training, better professional vision and reasoning are correlated with more learning-centered conception changes and fewer misconceptions - After training, better professional vision and reasoning are correlated with more learning-centered conception changes and fewer misconceptions
• After training, d.tech teachers adopted low-stakes practice tests and spaced, interleaved practice in their classrooms - After training, d.tech teachers adopted low-stakes practice tests and spaced, interleaved practice in their classrooms
• After training, prospective teachers caught up with current faculty in reasoning but still had lower noticing scores - After training, prospective teachers caught up with current faculty in reasoning but still had lower noticing scores
• After training, tutors were significantly more likely to encounter pedagogical opportunities (61.1% to 68.9%) and showed higher execution quality within those opportunities (65.5% to 68.1%) - After training, tutors were significantly more likely to encounter pedagogical opportunities (61.1% to 68.9%) and showed higher execution quality within those opportunities (65.5% to 68.1%)
• After two years of implementation, Early Risers showed a statistically significant positive effect on the Academic Competence Composite in the 2001 supplemental findings - After two years of implementation, Early Risers showed a statistically significant positive effect on the Academic Competence Composite in the 2001 supplemental findings
• After two years of SRI, the intervention effect on strategy knowledge had further increased, and positive effects emerged on reading comprehension - After two years of SRI, the intervention effect on strategy knowledge had further increased, and positive effects emerged on reading comprehension
• After two years, fewer graduates attended career academies and neighborhood high schools and more attended charter schools; these shifts were no different from comparison schools - After two years, fewer graduates attended career academies and neighborhood high schools and more attended charter schools; these shifts were no different from comparison schools
• After two years, RSF Cohort 1 students generally performed at the same levels as propensity-score-matched comparison students, with few statistically significant differences - After two years, RSF Cohort 1 students generally performed at the same levels as propensity-score-matched comparison students, with few statistically significant differences
• After two years, the Turnaround Strategy is producing improvements in math performance in targeted schools, with no evidence of positive impacts on other student outcomes - After two years, the Turnaround Strategy is producing improvements in math performance in targeted schools, with no evidence of positive impacts on other student outcomes
• After two years, three of four elementary math curricula outperform a fourth in achievement across first and second grades - After two years, three of four elementary math curricula outperform a fourth in achievement across first and second grades
• After two years, TLTS raised student ELA achievement by 0.05 standard deviations relative to comparison schools - After two years, TLTS raised student ELA achievement by 0.05 standard deviations relative to comparison schools
• After two years, TLTS raised student math achievement by 0.09 standard deviations relative to comparison schools - After two years, TLTS raised student math achievement by 0.09 standard deviations relative to comparison schools
• After working with the script, students improved their individual task representation of high-level tasks and their strategy reflection - After working with the script, students improved their individual task representation of high-level tasks and their strategy reflection
• After workshops, students' active GenAI use concentrated in uncertain design phases and decreased or disappeared in more certain phases - After workshops, students' active GenAI use concentrated in uncertain design phases and decreased or disappeared in more certain phases
• After-school setting offered richer activity diversity, dialogue, and peer interaction than regular classrooms - After-school setting offered richer activity diversity, dialogue, and peer interaction than regular classrooms
• Against no-treatment controls, ITS produce a large statistically significant effect (g = 1.23) under a random-effects model - Against no-treatment controls, ITS produce a large statistically significant effect (g = 1.23) under a random-effects model
• Against Stanford Binet criteria for 300 grade 3–6 children, the mental index correlated .47, the educational index .52, crude score with mental age .80, mental with educational index .62, and Difference with I.Q. .21 - Against Stanford Binet criteria for 300 grade 3–6 children, the mental index correlated .47, the educational index .52, crude score with mental age .80, mental with educational index .62, and Differen
• Age and age variance do not moderate FMS–academic-cognitive links, inconsistent with a maturation account - Age and age variance do not moderate FMS–academic-cognitive links, inconsistent with a maturation account
• Age and gender did not significantly predict marshmallow-task wait-times in this sample when controlling for condition - Age and gender did not significantly predict marshmallow-task wait-times in this sample when controlling for condition
• Age at assessment and achievement measure moderate polygenic score predictions of educational achievement; the adjusted pooled estimate rises to ρ = 0.50 - Age at assessment and achievement measure moderate polygenic score predictions of educational achievement; the adjusted pooled estimate rises to ρ = 0.50
• Age at implantation accounts for significant variance in word-learning performance when pre-CI hearing is in the typical range for CI candidates - Age at implantation accounts for significant variance in word-learning performance when pre-CI hearing is in the typical range for CI candidates
• Age category, skill level and sport context moderate RAE magnitude - Age category, skill level and sport context moderate RAE magnitude
• Age correlates negatively with processing speed and category fluency and positively with IQ, but not with letter fluency - Age correlates negatively with processing speed and category fluency and positively with IQ, but not with letter fluency
• Age correlates with detection performance: hits and d′ increase and false alarms decrease with age - Age correlates with detection performance: hits and d′ increase and false alarms decrease with age
• Age did not interact with associative relatedness or effective encoding-strategy use in predicting JOLs, indicating no age differences in the use of these two sources of information when making judgments of learning - Age did not interact with associative relatedness or effective encoding-strategy use in predicting JOLs, indicating no age differences in the use of these two sources of information when making judgme
• Age did not significantly predict language learning aptitude in this adult sample - Age did not significantly predict language learning aptitude in this adult sample
• Age differences in memory accuracy are smaller for verbal than nonverbal storage tasks, and domain overlap between storage and processing tasks moderates dual-task age differences - Age differences in memory accuracy are smaller for verbal than nonverbal storage tasks, and domain overlap between storage and processing tasks moderates dual-task age differences
• Age differences in text processing are examined in terms of the roles of working memory, inhibition, and processing speed - Age differences in text processing are examined in terms of the roles of working memory, inhibition, and processing speed
• Age differences on composing tasks (Picture Description, Sentence Retell) were not significant, unlike letter, name, and spelling tasks - Age differences on composing tasks (Picture Description, Sentence Retell) were not significant, unlike letter, name, and spelling tasks
• Age group significantly but weakly moderates the math anxiety–performance link (children r = −.31 vs adults r = −.25) - Age group significantly but weakly moderates the math anxiety–performance link (children r = −.31 vs adults r = −.25)
• Age groups differ in ICAP engagement distribution: younger adults engage more in active mode, older adults more in constructive and interactive modes, during collaborative concept-map learning - Age groups differ in ICAP engagement distribution: younger adults engage more in active mode, older adults more in constructive and interactive modes, during collaborative concept-map learning
• Age is significantly and negatively correlated with passive-sentence production accuracy across all four task conditions in Korean adults - Age is significantly and negatively correlated with passive-sentence production accuracy across all four task conditions in Korean adults
• Age may moderate acute PA effects on attention: effects appeared for 9–10 year olds but not 7–8 year olds - Age may moderate acute PA effects on attention: effects appeared for 9–10 year olds but not 7–8 year olds
• Age moderated change in metacognitive regulation, with younger children decreasing and older children increasing between pre- and post-test - Age moderated change in metacognitive regulation, with younger children decreasing and older children increasing between pre- and post-test
• Age moderates both CI effects and female proportion moderates the acute CI effect, while other tested variables do not - Age moderates both CI effects and female proportion moderates the acute CI effect, while other tested variables do not
• Age moderates discovery-learning effects: the explicit-instruction advantage over unassisted discovery is larger for adolescents than adults, and the enhanced-discovery benefit larger for adults than children - Age moderates discovery-learning effects: the explicit-instruction advantage over unassisted discovery is larger for adolescents than adults, and the enhanced-discovery benefit larger for adults than
• Age moderates exercise effects in opposite directions: adolescents benefit more for inhibitory control, younger children more for working memory - Age moderates exercise effects in opposite directions: adolescents benefit more for inhibitory control, younger children more for working memory
• Age moderates gender differences in both mental rotation and visualisation, with gaps continuing to grow during adolescence - Age moderates gender differences in both mental rotation and visualisation, with gaps continuing to grow during adolescence
• Age moderates the discrimination–private regard relation: discrimination at Time 2 predicts lower private regard at Time 3 among late (17–18) but not middle adolescents - Age moderates the discrimination–private regard relation: discrimination at Time 2 predicts lower private regard at Time 3 among late (17–18) but not middle adolescents
• Age moderates the vocabulary-to-reading paths (effects increase with age) but not the fluency model or any SES paths - Age moderates the vocabulary-to-reading paths (effects increase with age) but not the fluency model or any SES paths
• Age negatively and education positively predict memory self-efficacy, and age negatively predicts memory performance - Age negatively and education positively predict memory self-efficacy, and age negatively predicts memory performance
• Age of amplification (before vs at or after 6 months) was not significantly associated with language outcomes at 3 years in children with hearing aids - Age of amplification (before vs at or after 6 months) was not significantly associated with language outcomes at 3 years in children with hearing aids
• Age of youngest child is inversely associated with parental self-efficacy among student parents - Age of youngest child is inversely associated with parental self-efficacy among student parents
• Age predicts decoding efficiency in children with dyslexia while working memory and perceptual organization covariate effects are non-significant - Age predicts decoding efficiency in children with dyslexia while working memory and perceptual organization covariate effects are non-significant
• Age significantly moderates MBI effects on executive functions across all RCTs (larger benefits with older age) and on negative behaviour in active-control RCTs (larger benefits with younger age) - Age significantly moderates MBI effects on executive functions across all RCTs (larger benefits with older age) and on negative behaviour in active-control RCTs (larger benefits with younger age)
• Age, gender of participant, and perceived responsibility of the target character were the three most important predictors of peer acceptance across all models - Age, gender of participant, and perceived responsibility of the target character were the three most important predictors of peer acceptance across all models
• Age, gender, and presence of diseases significantly affect K-DTVP-2 score, while only age significantly affects VMI-3R score - Age, gender, and presence of diseases significantly affect K-DTVP-2 score, while only age significantly affects VMI-3R score
• Age, gender, class level and voluntary programme choice do not significantly predict job search anxiety in the adjusted model - Age, gender, class level and voluntary programme choice do not significantly predict job search anxiety in the adjusted model
• Age, gender, developmental status, SES, and sample region do not significantly moderate the inhibitory control–mathematical ability correlation - Age, gender, developmental status, SES, and sample region do not significantly moderate the inhibitory control–mathematical ability correlation
• Age-achievement functions take an inverted-U shape, but the quality of contributions remains roughly constant with age, with lower productivity reflecting reduced quantity of output - Age-achievement functions take an inverted-U shape, but the quality of contributions remains roughly constant with age, with lower productivity reflecting reduced quantity of output
• Age-related decline in span is associated only with the access function of inhibition, and only among skilled readers - Age-related decline in span is associated only with the access function of inhibition, and only among skilled readers
• Age-related deficits in top-down modulation underlie much of older adults' working memory impairment - Age-related deficits in top-down modulation underlie much of older adults' working memory impairment
• Age-related increases in dorsolateral PFC recruitment during encoding are most evident when tasks explicitly engage controlled processes - Age-related increases in dorsolateral PFC recruitment during encoding are most evident when tasks explicitly engage controlled processes
• Agencies built multi-source linked data systems and worked to increase analytic capacity through hiring, vendor partnerships, and training - Agencies built multi-source linked data systems and worked to increase analytic capacity through hiring, vendor partnerships, and training
• Agency data-use profiles were developed from fall and winter 2013–14 site visit interviews - Agency data-use profiles were developed from fall and winter 2013–14 site visit interviews
• Agency erosion appeared in 88% of student essays, most often as erosion of independent effort - Agency erosion appeared in 88% of student essays, most often as erosion of independent effort
• Agency metaphors expressed fear that GenAI steals human agency and threatens jobs, reflecting a binary human-versus-machine model - Agency metaphors expressed fear that GenAI steals human agency and threatens jobs, reflecting a binary human-versus-machine model
• Agency, information, linking, and meta-discourse dimensions appeared infrequently in the dataset despite their theoretical importance - Agency, information, linking, and meta-discourse dimensions appeared infrequently in the dataset despite their theoretical importance
• Agent accent condition showed no statistically significant differences in teachers' ratings of the agent's proficiency, etiquette, or personality - Agent accent condition showed no statistically significant differences in teachers' ratings of the agent's proficiency, etiquette, or personality
• Agent appearance (iconic vs realistic) shows no significant difference in retention, transfer, or interest - Agent appearance (iconic vs realistic) shows no significant difference in retention, transfer, or interest
• Agent perception followed a U-shape across variants: the mixed temporally-humanlike/visually-nonhumanlike Variant 2 was rated least positively on partnership and agent-perception measures - Agent perception followed a U-shape across variants: the mixed temporally-humanlike/visually-nonhumanlike Variant 2 was rated least positively on partnership and agent-perception measures
• Agent realism, particularly behavioral realism, should be a crucial predictor of social presence in immersive agent-centered learning environments - Agent realism, particularly behavioral realism, should be a crucial predictor of social presence in immersive agent-centered learning environments
• Agent-based modeling indicates routine testing can greatly reduce or eliminate within-school Covid-19 transmission - Agent-based modeling indicates routine testing can greatly reduce or eliminate within-school Covid-19 transmission
• Agent-generated descriptions significantly improve prediction of student dropout in a lesson, outperforming all other measured approaches - Agent-generated descriptions significantly improve prediction of student dropout in a lesson, outperforming all other measured approaches